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[[Berkas:En Gedi Waterfall.jpg|
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'''Ein Gedi''' ({{lang-he|עין גדי}}; {{lang-ar|عين جدي}}; '''En-Gedi''') adalah [[oasis]] yang terletak di sebelah barat [[Laut Mati]], dekat dengan [[Masada]] dan goa [[Qumran]].
Ein Gedi terkenal dengan goa, mata air, dan keanekaragaman flora dan fauna yang kaya. Ein Gedi disebut beberapa kali dalam kitab suci, contohnya pada {{Alkitab|1 Samuel 24:1}}.
== Etimologi ==
Nama ''Ein Gedi'' terdiri dari dua kata [[bahasa Ibrani|Ibrani]]:
Dalam [[bahasa Arab]] kata 'ain' atau 'ein' juga berarti "mata air", demikian pula kata 'Gedi' atau 'Jadi' berarti "anak kambing".
== Sejarah ==
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=== Zaman Alkitab ===
[[Berkas:Ein Gedi synagogue057.JPG|jmpl|ka|250px|Mosaik dari [[sinagoge]] kuno Ein Gedi]]
Dalam [[Alkitab Ibrani]] dan [[Perjanjian Lama]] di [[Alkitab]] [[Kristen]] dicatat bahwa "Ein Gedi" sama dengan "''Hazazon-tamar''", di mana tentara [[Moab]] dan [[Amon (bani)|Amon]] berkumpul untuk memerangi raja [[Yosafat]] dari [[Kerajaan Yehuda]].<ref>{{Alkitab|2 Tawarikh 20:2}}</ref> Pada {{Alkitab|Kejadian 14:7|HE}} ''Hazazon-tamar'' disebut sebagai suatu kota orang [[Amori]], dihancurkan oleh [[Kedarlaomer]] dalam peperangannya melawan kota-kota di tanah datar.
[[Kitab Kidung Agung]] ({{Alkitab|Kidung Agung 1:14}}) menyebutkan "kebun-kebun anggur En Gedi."
Perkataan [[Kitab Yesus bin Sirakh|Yesus bin Sirakh (''Ecclesiasticus'')]] 24:18 menyatakan, "Aku ditinggikan seperti pohon palem di Cades" (’en aígialoîs), yang dapat dipahami sebagai pohon-pohon palem di Ein Gedi.
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The indigenous Jewish town of Ein Gedi was an important source of [[Balsam of Mecca|balsam]] for the Greco-Roman world until its destruction by Byzantine emperor [[Justinian]] as part of his persecution of the Jews in his realm. A synagogue mosaic remains from Ein Gedi's heyday, including a Judeo-Aramaic inscription warning inhabitants against "revealing the town's secret" – possibly the methods for extraction and preparation of the much-prized balsam resin, though not stated outright in the inscription – to the outside world.<ref>{{cite web|last=Bar |first=Aviva |url=http://www.jpost.com/IsraelGuide/TopTours/Article.aspx?id=166822 |title=Ein Gedi, A Streamlined approach |publisher=Jpost.com |date=2010-01-26 |accessdate=2011-11-24}}</ref> According to the [[Miholjanec#Legend|Miholjanec legend]], [[Stephen V of Hungary]] had in front of his tent a golden plate with the inscription: "''[[Attila]], the son of Bendeuci, grandson of the great [[Nimrod]], born at Ein Gedi: By the Grace of God King of the Huns, Medes, Goths, Dacians, the horrors of the world and the scourge of God.''"
According to the Jewish-Roman historian [[Josephus|Josephus Flavius]], the [[Sicarii]], who fought the Romans until their defeat and mass suicide at the [[Siege of Masada]], plundered local villages including En Gedi. At En Gedi, they drove out the defenders, and killed over seven hundred women and children who could not run away.<ref>[http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2850/2850-h/2850-h.htm#link42HCH0007 The Wars of the Jews, or History of the Destruction of Jerusalem, by Flavius Josephus], translated by William Whiston, Project Gutenberg, Book IV, Chapter 7, Paragraph 2.</ref><ref>[http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0147%3Abook%3D4%3Awhiston+chapter%3D7%3Awhiston+section%3D2 Flavius Josephus, De bello Judaico libri vii], B. Niese, Ed. J. BJ 4.7.2</ref><ref>[http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/ancient-battle-divides-israel-as-masada-myth-unravels-1275878.html Ancient battle divides Israel as Masada 'myth' unravels; Was the siege really so heroic, asks Patrick Cockburn in Jerusalem], The Independent, 30 March 1997</ref>
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Pada tahun 1956 [[Yohanan Aharoni]] pertama kali menemukan apa yang disebut "situs orang [[Eseni]]". Suatu [[Gulungan En-Gedi|gulungan]] bertarikh abad ke-3 ditemukan pada tahun 1970 dan memuat teks [[Kitab Imamat]] yang identik dengan [[Teks Masoret]] [[Abad Pertengahan]]. Pada tahun 1998–99, ekspedisi arkeologi yang dipimpin oleh [[Yizhar Hirschfeld]] di Ein Gedi dengan sistematis mengekskavasi apa yang disebut .<ref>Jesus and Archaeology, page 389, James H. Charlesworth, Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, Grand Rapids, Michigan 2006. ISBN 978-0-8028-4880-2</ref>
▲===Modern era===
▲In April 1848, Lieutenant William Francis Lynch led an American expedition down the [[Jordan River]] into the [[Dead Sea]], that stopped at En Gedi (Ain Jidy).<ref name="Lynch1852">{{cite book|author=William Francis Lynch|title=Narrative of the United States' expedition to the river Jordan and the Dead sea|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=EtsLAAAAYAAJ&pg=PR17|accessdate=10 November 2010|year=1852|publisher=Blanchard and Lea|pages=282–296}}</ref>
== Lihat pula ==
* [[Daud]]
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* [[Saul]]
* Bagian [[Alkitab]] yang berkaitan: [[Kejadian 14]], [[Yosua 15]], [[1 Samuel 24]], [[2 Tawarikh 20]], [[Kidung Agung 1]], [[Yehezkiel 47]]
== Referensi ==
{{reflist}}
== Pranala luar ==
{{Commonscat|Ein Gedi}}
* [http://www.inisrael.com/eingedi/en_Map.html Ein Gedi in the Dead Sea Map] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120915092600/http://www.inisrael.com/eingedi/en_map.html |date=2012-09-15 }} - Bird's-eye view in [[Adobe Flash|Flash]]
* [http://www.parks.org.il/ParksENG/company_card.php3?CNumber=853330 Israel Nature & National Parks Protection Authority - Site page] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091213061310/http://www.parks.org.il/ParksENG/company_card.php3?CNumber=853330 |date=2009-12-13 }}
* [http://holyland-pictures.com/tag/jordan-valley/ein-gedi/ Pictures of Ein Gedi synagogue]
* {{CathEncy|url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05428a.htm|title=Engaddi}}
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[[Kategori:Taman nasional di Israel]]
[[Kategori:Oasis]]
[[Kategori:Laut Mati]]
[[Kategori:Tempat di Alkitab]]
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