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|mayor=[[Hanoch Zeibert]]
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[[Berkas:Location bneibrak.png|thumbjmpl|rightka|uprightlurus|Lokasi dari Bnei Brak di dalam daearh [[Tel Aviv District]]]]
[[Berkas:Ponivez1.JPG|thumbjmpl|rightka|[[Ponevezh Yeshiva|Ponevezh yeshiva]] di Bnei Brak]]
'''Bnei Brak''' (atau '''Bene Beraq''') ({{lang-he-n|בְּנֵי בְּרַק}} <small>{{Audio|Bnei brak.ogg|(audio)}}</small>, ''{{unicode|Bəne Bəraq}}'') adalah sebuah kota yang terletak di pusat dari negara [[Israel]]', arah sebelah [[timur]] dari [[Tel Aviv]], di daerah [[Gush Dan]] dan distrik [[Distrik Tel Aviv]]. Bnei Brak adalah sebuah pusat kebudayaan kaum [[Yahudi]] ultra-orthodox.
Kota ini memiliki luas sebesar 7,088 [[dunam]]s. Berdasarkan data dari [[Israel Central Bureau of Statistics]], pada [[30 Juni]], [[2009]], memiliki populasi sebanyak 154,700, jiwa dengan tingkat pertumbuhan sebesar 1.8%.<ref name="cbs populations">{{cite web|url=http://www.cbs.gov.il/population/new_2009/table3.pdf|publisher=[[Israel Central Bureau of Statistics]]|title=Table 3 - Population of Localities Numbering Above 2,000 Residents and Other Rural Population|date=2009-06-30|accessdate=2010-05-20}}</ref> Bnei Brak merupakan salah satu kota termiskin dan terpadat penduduknya di [[Israel]].<ref>[{{Cite web |url=http://haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1058788.html |title=No walk in the park in Bnei Brak] |access-date=2010-10-04 |archive-date=2009-04-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090401071027/http://haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1058788.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
Penduduk Bnei Brak yang paling terkenal adalah Rabbi [[Elazar Shach|Elazar Shech]].
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==History==
Bnei Brak takes its name from the ancient, Biblical (Joshua 19:45) [[Beneberak]], preserved in the name of the Palestinian village of [[Al-Khayriyya|Ibn Ibraq]] ("Son of Ibraq/Barak"), which was located {{km to mi|4}} to the south of where Bnei Barak was founded in 1924.<ref name="Cancikp484">Cancik, Hubert, Peter Schäfer and Hermann Lichtenberger (1996), ''[http://books.google.ca/books?id=VlT2Ox0x0N4C&pg=PA484&dq=ibn+ibraq&sig=eRsb9XjwNh8isxh-4RJ0JG8muEc Geschichte-Tradition-Reflexion: Festschrift Für Martin Hengel Zum 70. Geburtstag]''. Mohr Siebeck. ISBN 3-16-146675-6. p. 484.</ref>
== WalikotaWali kota yang pernah memimpin Bnei Brak == ▼Bnei Brak was founded as an agricultural settlement by [[Yitzchok Gerstenkorn]] and a group of Polish [[Hasidic Judaism|chasidim]]. Due to a lack of land many of its founders turned to other occupations, and the village began to develop an urban character. Its first rabbi was Rabbi [[Arye Mordechai Rabinowicz]], formerly rabbi of [[Kurów]] in [[Poland]]. He was succeeded by Rabbi Yosef Kalisz, a scion of the [[Vurka (Hasidic dynasty)|Vurker dynasty]].
The town was set up as a religious settlement from the outset, as is evident from this description of the pioneers:
:''Their souls were revived by the fact that they merited what their predecessors had not. What particularly revived their weary souls in the mornings and toward evening, when they would gather in the [[beis medrash]] situated in a special shack which was built immediately upon the arrival of the very first settlers, for tefilla betzibbur (communal prayer) three times a day, for the [[Daf Yomi]] [[Shiur (Torah)|shiur]], and a [[Gemara]] shiur and an additional one in Mishnayos and the Shulchan Oruch.''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://chareidi.shemayisrael.com/archives5759/yisro/features.htm|title=Bnei Brak at 75: City of Torah and Chassidus|publisher=Dei'ah VeDibur|accessdate=2008-10-25}}</ref>
Bnei Brak was declared a city in 1950.
Rabbi [[Avrohom Yeshaya Karelitz]] (the ''Chazon Ish'') settled in Bnei Brak in its early days, attracting a large following. Rabbi [[Yaakov Landau]], [[Chief Rabbi|chief rabbi]] of Bnei Brak between 1936 and 1986,{{Citation needed|date=April 2008}} helped to make it an important religious center. Other leading rabbis who have lived in Bnei Brak are Rabbi [[Eliyahu Eliezer Dessler]], Rabbi [[Yaakov Yisrael Kanievsky]] ("the Steipler"), Rabbi [[Yosef Shlomo Kahaneman]] ([[Ponevezh Yeshiva|Ponevezh]]er Rov) and Rabbi [[Elazar Shach|Elazar Menachem Mann Shach]]. Notable rabbis who reside in Bnei Brak today are Rabbi [[Aharon Leib Shteinman]], Rabbi [[Nissim Karelitz]], Rabbi [[Shmuel Wosner]], Rabbi [[Chaim Kanievsky]] and Rabbi [[Michel Yehuda Lefkowitz]].
In the early 1950s, the [[Vizhnitz (Hasidic dynasty)|Vizhnitzer]] Rebbe, Rabbi Chaim Meir Hager, founded a large neighborhood in Bnei Brak which continues to serve as a dynastic center under his son, Rabbi Moshe Yehoshua Hager.
Beginning in the 1960s, the rebbes of the Ruzhin dynasty ([[Sadigura (Hasidic dynasty)|Sadigura]], [[Husiatyn (Hasidic dynasty)|Husiatyn]], Bohush), who had formerly lived in Tel Aviv, moved to Bnei Brak. In the 1990s they were followed by the rebbe of [[Modzitz (Hasidic dynasty)|Modzhitz]]. Unlike the former four [[Ger (Hasidic dynasty)|Gerrer]] rebbes, who lived in Jerusalem, the current rebbe (since 1996) is a Bnei Brak resident. The rebbes of [[Aleksander (Hasidic dynasty)|Alexander]], [[Biala (Hasidic dynasty)|Biala-Bnei-Brak]], [[Koidanov (Hasidic dynasty)|Koydanov]], [[Machnovka (Hasidic dynasty)|Machnovke]], [[Nadvorna (Hasidic dynasty)|Nadvorne]], Premishlan, Radzin, [[Shomer Emunim (Hasidic dynasty)|Shomer Emunim]]. [[Slonim (Hasidic dynasty)|Slonim-Schwarze]], Strykov, Tchernobil, Trisk-Bnei-Brak and Zutshke reside in Bnei Brak.
Until the 1970s, the Bnei Brak municipality was headed by Religious Zionist mayors.{{Citation needed|date=February 2007}} After Mayor Gottlieb of the [[National Religious Party]] was defeated, Haredi parties grew in status and influence; since then they have governed the city. As the Haredi population grew, the demand for public religious observance increased and more residents requested the closure of their neighbourhoods to vehicular traffic on Shabbat. When they demanded the closure of a main street ([[Hashomer|HaShomer]] St. now Kahaneman St.), the non-religious residents protested but the town's religious inhabitants won the battle.{{Citation needed|date=February 2007}} Since then, their influence in the city continuously grew.
In a short period of time most of Bnei Brak's secular and Religious Zionist residents migrated elsewhere, and the city has become almost homogeneously Haredi. The city has one secular neighbourhood, [[Pardes Katz]].<ref name="tourism">{{cite web|url=http://www.tourism.gov.il/Tourism_Eng/Tourist+Information/Discover+Israel/Cities/Bnei+Brak.htm|title=Bnei Brak|publisher=[[Tourism Minister of Israel|Israel Ministry of Tourism]]|accessdate=2008-10-25}}</ref> Names of streets with a Zionist connotation were renamed for prominent Haredi figures, for example, [[Theodor Herzl|Herzl]] St. was changed to [[Elazar Shach|HaRav Shach]] St. Bnei Brak is one of the two poorest [[List of Israeli cities|cities in Israel]].
Rabbi [[Moshe Yehuda Leib Landau]] is a respected authority on [[Halakha|Jewish law]] and kashrut supervision. Rabbi Moshe Landau took office after the death of his father, Chief Rabbi Yaakov Landau in 1986. The Landau family is somewhat affiliated with [[Chabad|Chabad-Lubavitch]] [[Hasidic philosophy|Hasidism]]. The "Rav Landau" [[hechsher]] (kosher supervision) is widely accepted as one of the best in Israel, relied on by almost all [[Orthodox Judaism|religious Jews]] in Israel. Rabbi [[Nissim Karelitz]] is Chief Rabbi (''av beis din'') of the Lithuanian Haredi population of the city. He leads a [[beth din]] that includes both Lithuanian Haredi and Hasidic [[Beth din|dayan]]im, called ''She'aris Yisroel'', which is also a hechsher (kosher supervision).
Bnei Brak is home to Israel's first women-only [[department store]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/4923618.stm|title=Israeli Shop Opens Only to Women|publisher=BBC News|author=Hawley, Caroline|date=2006-04-20|accessdate=2008-10-25}}</ref>
Bnei Brak is noted for its abundance of [[self-help]] and volunteer organizations. Several organizations help the ill, special needs population, and the poor. There are also available abudant articles to be borrowed free of charge, from extra baby beds, electric drills, paint rollers, to bridal dresses.
At the instigation of the [[Avrohom Yeshaya Karelitz|Chazon Ish]], the Bnei Brak municipality set up an alternative [[water supply]], for use on [[Shabbat]] and [[Jewish holiday|Yom tov]]. This supply, which does not require intervention by Jews on days of rest, avoids the problems associated with Jews [[activities prohibited on Shabbat|working on the day of rest]] at the national [[Water industry|water company]] [[Mekorot]].
==Demographics==
[[Berkas:Beit Kneset ARI Ashlag.JPG|thumb|200px|Ari-Ashlag Synagogue]]
According to figures by the municipality of Bnei Brak <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bnei-brak.muni.il/Pages/default.aspx|title=Home Page|publisher=Bnei Brak Municipality|accessdate=20 May 2010}}</ref>, the city has a population of over 165,000 residents, the majority of whom are [[Haredi Judaism|Haredi]] [[Jew]]s.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.torah.org/features/spirfocus/bnaibrak.html|title=L'chaim in B'nai Brak|publisher=Torah.org|author=Rosenblum, Jonathan|accessdate=2008-10-25}}</ref> It also has the largest population density of any city in Israel, with {{PD km2 to sq mi|23375}}. In the [[Israeli legislative election, 2006|2006 Israeli legislative elections]], 89% of the voters chose Haredi parties, and another 7% voted for other religious parties. While the city does not have an official 'religious' status, the migration and development of the population has led to two distinct sections: The northern part of the city as well as the extremities have a significant non-religious minority population while the core of the city is almost entirely religious. While this religious population used to be mainly [[Religious Zionism|Religious Zionist]], it is now almost exclusively Haredi.
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▲== Walikota yang pernah memimpin Bnei Brak ==
* Yitzchok Gerstenkorn
* Moshe Begno
* Avraham Rubinstein
* [[Hanoch Zeibert]]
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==Economy==
[[Berkas:CocaColaPlantBnaiBrak.JPG|thumb|Coca-Cola plant in Bnei Brak. The words "Coca-Cola" are seen in [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]] on the sign]]
One of the landmarks of Bnei Brak is the [[Coca-Cola]] [[Bottling company|bottling plant]] in Kahaneman St. It is owned by the Central Bottling Company (CBC), which has held the Israeli franchise for Coca-Cola products since 1968. It is among Coca-Cola's ten largest single-plant bottling facilities worldwide. According to [[Dun's 100]], "CBC's dedication to excellence and innovative technologies in all areas of its operations has won it prizes from the US-based [[The Coca-Cola Company|Coca-Cola Company]], as well as recognition and accolades from various public institutions for its environmental-friendly operation and ongoing community service".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://duns100.dundb.co.il/companies/600057582/index.asp |title=Dun's 100 - The Central Bottling Company Group profile |publisher=Duns100.dundb.co.il |date= |accessdate=2009-05-05}}</ref>
Two major factories which dominated the centre of Bnei Brak for many years were the [[Dubek]] cigarette factory and the [[Osem (company)|Osem]] food factory. As the town grew they found themselves in the middle of a [[residential area]]; both left the area. Osem's main factory is now located on Jabotinsky road in [[Petah Tikva]], just next to Bnei Brak.
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== Rujukan ==
{{negara-geo-stub|Israel}}
[[Kategori:Bnei Brak| ]]
[[Kategori:Kota di Israel]]
[[Kategori:Yahudi dan Yudaisme di Israel]]
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