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Baris 1:
{{pp-semi|small=yes}}{{pp-move-indef}}
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = Konflik Israel–Gaza
| partof = Konflik [[Gaza–Israel]]
| date = {{Start date|2014|7|8|df=y}} 8 Juli – sekarang<26 Agustus 2014{{br>}}({{Age in1 yearsbulan, months2 minggu, weeks4 and days|month1=07|day1=8|year1 =2014}}hari)
| place = {{flagicon|Palestina}} [[Jalur Gaza]] ([[Negara Palestina|Palestina]])<br>{{flagicon|Israel}} [[Israel]]
| coordinates = {{Coord|30|40|N|34|50|E|display=title,inline}}
| image = [[FileBerkas:Iron Dome in Operation Protective Edge.jpg|155px]][[FileBerkas:The home of the Kware' family, after it was bombed by the military.jpg|140px]]
| caption = (kiri) [[Kubah Besi]] menembak jatuh roket dari Gaza<br/>(kanan) Rumah Palestina yang dibom Israel
| combatant1 = {{flag|Israel}}
*[[Pasukan Pertahanan Israel]]
**[[Komando Selatan (Israel)|Komando Selatan]]
{{Collapsible list
|bullets = yes
|title = <small>DiduukungDidukung oleh:</small>
|{{Flag|Amerika Serikat}}<ref>{{cite news|title=US supplies Israel with bombs amid Gaza blitz|url=http://m.aljazeera.com/story/2014730233016747143|newspaper=[[Al Jazeera]]|date=31 July 2014|access-date=2014-08-06|archive-date=2014-08-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808044248/http://m.aljazeera.com/story/2014730233016747143|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=US condemns shelling of UN school in Gaza but restocks Israeli ammunition|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jul/30/us-firm-condemnation-shelling-un-school-gaza|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|date=31 July 2014}}</ref>
}}
 
<!-- Don't remove the following tags until the issue has been resolved on the talk page -->| combatant2 = {{flag|Jalur Gaza}}
|combatant2 = {{flag|Jalur Gaza}}
*[[Hamas]]
*[[Front Demokratik untuk Pembebasan Palestina|DFLP]]<ref name=maan715014>"[http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=715014 Qassam brigades claim rocket, mortar fire at southern Israel] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141219025332/http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=715014 |date=2014-12-19 }}." ''Ma'an News Agency''. Monday 21 July 2014.</ref>
*[[Gerakan Jihad Islam di Palestina|Jihad Islam]]
*[[Front Rakyat untuk Pembebasan Palestina|PFLP]]<ref name=maan715014/>
*[[Komite Pemberontakan Rakyat|PRC]]<ref name=maan715014/>
Baris 31 ⟶ 29:
|{{Flag|Qatar}} <small>(dana)</small><ref>"[http://www.timesofisrael.com/as-it-battles-hamas-israel-singles-out-its-sponsor-qatar/ As It Battles Hamas Israel Singles Out Its Sponsor Qatar]." ''Times of Israel''.</ref><ref>http://www.timesofisrael.com/qatari-tech-helps-hamas-in-tunnels-rockets-expert/</ref>
}}
| commander1 = [[Benjamin Netanyahu]]<br/><small>[[Perdana Menteri Israel|Perdana Menteri]]</small><br/>[[Moshe Ya'alon]]<br/><small> [[Kementerian Pertahanan (Israel)|Menteri Pertahanan]]</small><br/>[[Benny Gantz]]<br/><small>[[Kepala Staf Jenderal (Israel)|Kepala]] [[Staf Jenderal Pasukan Pertahanan Israel|Staf Jenderal]]</small><br/>[[Amir Eshel]]<br/><small>[[Komandan Angkatan Udara Israel|Komandan Angkatan Udara]]</small><br/>[[Ram Rothberg]]<br/><small>[[Angkatan Laut Israel|Komandan Angkatan Laut]]</small><br/>[[Sami Turgeman]]<br/><small>[[Komando Selatan (Israel)|Komandan Selatan]]</small><br/>[[Mickey Edelstein]]<br/><small>[[Divisi Gaza]]</small><br/>[[Yoram Cohen]]<br /><small>[[Shin Bet|Kepala Shin Bet]]</small>
| commander2 = <!--there were many groups involved, so they all have their leaders-->[[Khaled Mashal]]<br/><small>Pemimpin Hamas</small><br/>[[Ismail Haniyeh]]<br/><small>Wakil Ketua Hamas</small><br/>[[Mohammed Deif]]<br/><small>Kepala [[Brigade Izz ad-Din al-Qassam]]</small><br/>[[Ramadan Shalah]]<br/><small>Pemimpin PIJ</small>
| units1 = [[Markas Angkatan Darat GOC|Angkatan Darat Israel]]<br/>[[Angkatan Udara Israel]]<br/>[[Angkatan Laut Israel]]<br/>[[Shin Bet]]
| units2 = [[Brigade Izz ad-Din al-Qassam]]<br/>[[Brigade Martir al-Aqsa]]<br/>[[Brigade Abu Ali Mustapha]]<br/>[[Brigade Al-Quds]]<br/>[[Brigade Al-Nasser Salah al-Deen]]
| strength1 = 176.500 tentara aktif<ref name=autogenerated4>{{cite news|url=http://www.globalfirepower.com/country-military-strength-detail.asp?country_id=israel |title=Israel Military Strength |publisher=Globalfirepower.com |date=27 March 2014 |accessdate=4 August 2014}}</ref>
445.000 tentara cadangan<ref name=autogenerated4 />
| strength2 = [[Brigade Al-Qassam]]: 10.000<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=711780 |title=Rockets, naval commandos boost Hamas arsenal |publisher=Maannews.net |date=25 July 2014 |accessdate=4 August 2014|archive-date=2014-07-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140729201253/http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=711780|dead-url=yes}}</ref>-40,000<ref>{{cite news|author=Thursday 1|url=http://www.middleeasteye.net/news/hamas-gains-credibility-fighting-force-analysts-say-371780262 |title=Hamas growing in military stature, say analysts |publisher=Middleeasteye.net |date=17 July 2014 |accessdate=4 August 2014}}</ref><br/>
[[Brigade Al-Quds]]: ~5.000<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21599826-decline-hamas-may-result-new-wave-chaos-whos-charge |title=The Gaza Strip: Who’s in charge? |publisher=Economist |date=29 March 2014 |accessdate=4 August 2014}}</ref>
| casualties1 = 6467 tentara, 26 warga sipil dan 1 pekerja Thai tewas;<ref name="OCHA"/> 400469 tentara<ref name="captured">{{cite news|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/israeli-soldier-feared-captured-in-tunnel-attack-by-militants-9642469.html|title=Israeli soldier 'captured in tunnel attack' by Gaza militants named by IDF|accessdate=1 August 2014}}</ref> dan 2387 warga sipil luka-luka<ref>{{cite journal|title=Operation Protective Edge by the numbers|date=28 July 2014|accessdate=28 July 2014|publisher=Haaretz|url=http://www.haaretz.com/polopoly_fs/1.607580.1406536924!/image/2320157484.jpg|journal=|archive-date=2014-07-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140729222646/http://www.haaretz.com/polopoly_fs/1.607580.1406536924!/image/2320157484.jpg|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
| casualties2 = '''Kementerian Kesehatan Gaza:''' 12.880310 tewas<ref name="resigns"/> dan 10.000 luka-luka<ref name="investigating">[http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/gaza-conflict-foreign-office-urgently-investigating-reports-of-british-aid-worker-death-9647909.html Gaza conflict: Foreign Office urgently investigating reports of British aid worker death] Independent, Published August 4th, 2014</ref> (80% civilianswarga sipil)<ref name="continues"/>
 
'''[[Pusat Hak Asasi Manusia Palestina|PCHR]]:''' 1.938 tewas (1.626 warga sipil)<ref name="PCHR">{{cite web|url=http://www.pchrgaza.org/portal/en/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=10491:statistics-victims-of-the-israeli-offensive-on-gaza-since-08-july-2014&catid=145:in-focus |title=Statistics: Victims of the Israeli Offensive on Gaza since 08 July 2014|publisher=Pchrgaza.org |date= |accessdate=5 August 2014|archive-date=2015-06-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626164255/http://www.pchrgaza.org/portal/en/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=10491:statistics-victims-of-the-israeli-offensive-on-gaza-since-08-july-2014&catid=145:in-focus|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
 
'''UN [[United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs|OCHA]]:''' 1.717 tewas (1.176 warga sipil, 198 militan, 343 tak diketahui)<ref name="OCHA"/>
Baris 48 ⟶ 46:
'''[[Intelligence and Terrorism Information Center|ITIC]]:''' 1.498 tewas (466 warga sipil, 453 militan, 579 tak diketahui)<ref name="updateno19"/>
 
'''[[Pasukan Pertahanan Israel|IDF]]:''' 12.768125 tewas<ref name="ynetnews">[http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4555334,00.html IDF figures put the death toll in the Gaza Strip at 1,768 including 750-1,000 armed militants 05.08.14] [[ynetnews]]</ref> (900 militan)<ref name="900operatives">[http://www.timesofisrael.com/900-operatives-killed-over-gaza-campaign-idf-says/ 900 operatives killed over Gaza campaign, IDF says]</ref>
| notes = Lihat [[#Dampak|Dampak terhadap penduduk]] untuk info lebih rinci
| campaignbox = {{Kotak kampanye konflik Gaza–Israel}}
| result = [[Gencatan senjata]]
*Kedua Belah Pihak Mengklaim Kemenangan
}}
<!-- DO NOT BOLD THE TITLE IN THE FIRST SENTENCE. SEE WP:SBE -->
Eskalasi [[konflik Israel–Palestina]] dimulai pada tahun 2014 setelah terjadi serangkaian peristiwa.<ref name=bg/> Peristiwa-peristiwa ini mencakup berlanjutnya [[pemblokiran Jalur Gaza]] oleh pemerintah Mesir dan Israel, berlanjutnya [[serangna roket Palestina ke Israel|serangan roket dari Gaza]], gagalnya diskusi perdamaian yang disponsori Amerika Serikat, upaya pembentukan pemerintahan koalisi oleh faksi-faksi bersaing di Palestina, [[penculikan dan pembunuhan remaja Israel 2014|penculikan dan pembunuhan tiga remaja Israel]], [[penculikan dan pembunuhan Mohammed Abu Khdeir|penculikan dan pembunuhan seorang remaja Palestina]], penangkapan hampir seluruh pemimpin [[Hamas]] di [[Tepi Barat]] oleh Israel, dan meningkatnya serangan roket ke Israel setelah perjanjian pencabutan blokade Gaza secara bertahap tidak dipenuhi karena Hamas melanggar kesepakatan gencatan senjata sebelumnya.<ref name=bg>{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/09/world/middleeast/israel-steps-up-offensive-against-hamas-in-gaza.html?_r=0|title=Israel and Hamas Trade Attacks as Tension Rises|work=The New York Times|accessdate=8 July 2014}}</ref><ref name="economist-two-big"/><ref name="nathanthrall">[[Nathan Thrall]], [http://www.lrb.co.uk/v36/n16/nathan-thrall/hamass-chances 'Hamas’s Chances.'] [[London Review of Books]] Vol. 36 No 16 • 21 August 2014 (1 August) pp. 10–12</ref><ref name="jpost2">{{cite news|date=16 June 2014|title=Watch: West Bank Hamas leadership in Israeli custody|url=http://www.jpost.com/Pillar-of-Defense/Entire-Hamas-leadership-in-West-Bank-in-Israeli-custody-some-may-be-deported-359462|work=The Jerusalem Post}}</ref> Pada malam tanggal 6 Juli, serangan udara Israel di Gaza menewaskan tujuh mlitan Hamas,<ref name="Rabbani">[[Mouin Rabbani]], [http://www.lrb.co.uk/v36/n15/mouin-rabbani/israel-mows-the-lawn 'Israel mows the lawn'], ''[[London Review of Books]]'' Vol. 36 No 15, 31 July 2014, p. 8.</ref> sementara Hamas meningkatkan serangan roketnya ke Israel<ref name="economist-two-big">{{cite news|url=http://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21607895-hamas-wants-two-big-concessions-it-may-not-get-them-why-hamas-fires-those-rockets|title=Conditions for a ceasefire: Why Hamas fires those rockets|publisher=The Economist|accessdate=22 July 2014}}"After the last big Israeli effort to stop the rockets, in November 2012, it was agreed that, along with a ceasefire, the blockade of Gaza would gradually be lifted and the crossings into Egypt and Israel would be opened. The ceasefire generally held, but the siege continued."</ref> dan menyatakan bahwa "seluruh warga Israel" merupakan "target yang sah".<ref name="all-israelis-targets">"[http://gulftoday.ae/portal/5b9bc7fd-ecee-4c5e-9b38-56fca9e87cdb.aspx Hamas says all Israelis will be targeted] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140725181220/http://gulftoday.ae/portal/5b9bc7fd-ecee-4c5e-9b38-56fca9e87cdb.aspx|date=2014-07-25}}". ''[[The Gulf Today]]'', 9 July 2014; retrieved 17 July 2014.</ref><ref name="Abu Toameh K">Abu Toameh, Khaled. [http://www.jpost.com/Operation-Protective-Edge/Hamas-All-Israelis-now-targets-for-missile-attacks-361965 "Hamas: All Israelis now targets for missile attacks"], ''[[The Jerusalem Post]]'', 8 July 2014; retrieved 17 July 2014.</ref> Pada tanggal 8 Juli 2014, Pasukan Pertahanan Israel (IDF) melancarkan '''Operasi ProtectivePerlindungan EdgeTepi''' ({{lang-en|Operation Protective Edge}}) di [[Jalur Gaza]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jewishpress.com/news/breaking-news/idfs-operation-protective-edge-begins-against-gaza/2014/07/08|title=IDF's Operation "Protective Edge" Begins Against Gaza|publisher=Jewish Press|accessdate=8 July 2014}}</ref>
 
Tanggal 13 Juli, militer Israel melaporkan bahwa lebih dari 1.300 [[serangan udara]] Israel telah dilancarkan ke Gaza, sementara lebih dari 800 roket telah ditembakkan dari Gaza ke Israel.<ref name="voa_thousands_flee">[http://www.voanews.com/content/israel-makes-first-ground-incursion-in-gaza/1956454.html "Thousands Flee Gaza Homes Under Israel Threat"], Voice of America, 13 July 2014; accessed 22 July 2014.</ref> Keesokan harinya, tanggal 14 Juli, Mesir mengumumkan inisiatif [[gencatan senjata]]. Pemerintah Israel menerima usulan ini dan menghentikan serangan untuk sementara pada pagi 15 Juli. Akan tetapi, semua faksi Palestina, termasuk Presiden Palestina Abbas, mengumumkan bahwa mereka tidak diberitahu soal inisiatif Mesir ini dan baru mengetahuinya lewat media.<ref name="pflp">{{Cite web |url=http://pflp.ps/english/2014/07/15/pflp-proposal-for-calm-seeks-new-chains-on-the-resistance/ |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2014-08-06 |archive-date=2014-07-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140724141904/http://pflp.ps/english/2014/07/15/pflp-proposal-for-calm-seeks-new-chains-on-the-resistance/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Hamas beserta faksi Palestina lainnya menolak "versi [perjanjian] yang sekarang."<ref name="pflp" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2014/07/israel-temporarily-halt-fire-gaza-strip-201471620212427540.html|title=Israel and Hamas to observe brief Gaza truce|publisher=Aljazeera.com|accessdate=22 July 2014}}</ref> Pada tanggal 16 Juli, Hamas dan [[Gerakan Jihad Islam di Palestina|Jihad Islam]] menawarkan [[gencatan senjata]] selama 10 tahun kepada Israel dengan sepuluh syarat, sebagian besar menyinggung soal diakhirinya pemblokiran Jalur Gaza.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=713579|title=Report: Hamas, Islamic Jihad offer 10-year truce|publisher=Ma'an News Agency|accessdate=28 July 2014|archive-date=2014-07-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140724234716/http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=713579|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
 
Konflik ini merupakan operasi militer paling mematikan yang pernah terjadi di Gaza sejak [[Intifada Kedua]], meskipun jumlah korban tewas dan persentase militan yang tewas masih belum jelas.<ref>Al Jazeera English, [http://m.aljazeera.com/story/2014731172852773778 US: 'little doubt' Israel bombed Gaza school] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808044251/http://m.aljazeera.com/story/2014731172852773778 |date=2014-08-08 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://time.com/3035937/gaza-israel-hamas-palestinian-casualties/|title=How Hamas Wields Gaza’s Casualties as Propaganda|publisher=Time Magazine|accessdate=31 July 2014|date=29 July 2014|author=Steven Stotsky}}</ref> Menurut [[Pemerintahan Jalur Gaza|Kementerian Kesehatan Gaza]], 1.880 warga Palestina tewas<ref name="resigns">[{{Cite web |url=http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2014/Aug-05/266106-uk-minister-resigns-over-government-gaza-policy.ashx#axzz39B6nb6Tv |title=UK minister resigns over government Gaza policy] |access-date=2014-08-06 |archive-date=2014-08-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140805094038/http://dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2014/Aug-05/266106-uk-minister-resigns-over-government-gaza-policy.ashx#axzz39B6nb6Tv |dead-url=yes }}</ref> and dan 10.000 lainnya cedera.<ref name="investigating"/> Dari jumlah tersebut, 398 di antaranya adalah anak-anak, 207 wanita, dan 74 manula.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dailysabah.com/mideast/2014/08/02/gaza-death-toll-rises-to-1644|title=GAZA'S DEATH TOLL RISES TO 1712|accessdate=2 August 2014}}</ref> Laporan awal untuk [[United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs]] (OCHA) dari Protection Cluster memperkirakan bahwa 1.176 (68%) dari 1.717 korban tewas yang identitasnya sejauh ini sudah dikenali merupakan warga sipil; 573 di antaranya (33% dari total korban tewas) adalah wanita atau anak-anak.<ref name="OCHA"/> Israel bersikukuh bahwa sedikitnya 47% korban tewas di Gaza adalah kombatan.<ref name="47%"/> Di sisi lain, 64 tentara IDF, dua warga sipil Israel, dan seorang pekerja [[bangsa Thai|Thai]] tewas.<ref name="captured"/> Pasukan Pertahanan Israel menyatakan bahwa Hamas menggunakan warga sipil sebagai "[[perisai hidup]]",<ref name="proposes">{{cite news|url=http://bigstory.ap.org/article/israel-says-its-downed-drone-along-southern-coast|title=Egypt proposes cease-fire between Israel, Hamas|author=Josef Federman and Maggie Michael|work=Associated Press|date=14 July 2014|access-date=2014-08-06|archive-date=2014-07-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140720135721/http://bigstory.ap.org/article/israel-says-its-downed-drone-along-southern-coast|dead-url=yes}}</ref> dan pada tanggal 17 Juli [[UNRWA]] mengutuk keras kelompok yang menyimpan senjata di salah satu sekolahnya.<ref>[http://www.unrwa.org/newsroom/press-releases/unrwa-strongly-condemns-placement-rockets-school UNRWA Strongly Condemns Placement of Rockets in School], UNRWA website, 17 July 2014</ref> Pada 22 Juli, [[Uni Eropa]] mengutuk semua "seruan kepada penduduk sipil Gaza untuk merelakan dirinya sebagai perisai hidup."<ref>[http://ejpress.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=49892 EU strongly condemns indiscriminate Hamas rockets on Israel and use of Palestinian population as human shields, ‘terrorist groups in Gaza must disarm’, calls for ‘immediate ceasefire’'], [[European Jewish Press]], 22 July 2014.</ref><ref>[http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/.premium-1.606703 European Union: Hamas, other Gaza terror groups must disarm], [[Haaretz]], 22 July 2014.</ref> Hamas hasmembantah deniedkabar thatbahwa itpihaknya usesmenggunakan humanperisai shieldshidup.<ref name="youtube1">[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TydoLmhMaDo ''Al Jazeera English'' report]; accessed 22 July 2014.</ref> 44% teritori Jalur Gaza ditetapkan sebagai zona kosong (''no-go zone'') oleh militer Israel.<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/30/world/middleeast/loss-of-shelter-and-electricity-worsens-a-crisis-for-fleeing-gazans.html New York Times 30 July 2014]</ref>
 
Per 35 Agustus 2014, sebuah laporan [[OCHA]] menyatakan bahwa di Jalur Gaza, 485520.000 warga Palestina (kurang lebih 2530% populasi Gaza) menjadi pengungsi, 269273.793000 di antaranya mengungsi di 90 sekolah.<ref name="OCHA"/> UNRWA telah mengerahkan segala kemampuannya untuk memfasilitasi para pengungsi, dan kepadatan pengungsi meningkatkan risiko terjadinya wabah.<ref name=OCHA2>{{cnCite web |dateurl=Augusthttp://www.ochaopt.org/documents/ocha_opt_sitrep_05_08_2014.pdf 2014}}|title=Occupied SeluruhPalestinian pendudukTerritory: Gaza sebanyakEmergency |access-date=2014-08-08 |archive-date=2014-08-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808051540/http://www.ochaopt.org/documents/ocha_opt_sitrep_05_08_2014.pdf |dead-url=yes }}</ref> 1,85 juta jiwapenduduk Gaza terkena dampak pembatasanterbatasnya dan/atau berkurangnya persediaan air. 26 fasilitas kesehatan rusak,<ref name=OCHA1>{{cncite journal |title=Gaza Emergency Situation Report |date=3 August 2014}} 26|accessdate=4 fasilitasAugust kesehatan2014 rusak,|publisher=[[United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs]]: Occupied Palestinian Territory |url=http://www.ochaopt.org/documents/ocha_opt_sitrep_04_08_2014.pdf |journal= |archive-date=2014-08-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140806095656/http://www.ochaopt.org/documents/ocha_opt_sitrep_04_08_2014.pdf |dead-url=yes }}</ref> 945968 rumah (1064.690650 keluargaorang) hancur total atau rusak parah, dan rumah milik 533.435100 keluargaorang rusak namun masih bisa ditinggali.{{cn|date.<ref name=August 2014}}OCHA/> Di seluruh Jalur Gaza, penduduknya hanya mendapat pasokan listrik selama tiga jam per hari.{{cn|date=August 2014}} Penghancuran satu-satunya pembangkit listrik di Gaza sangat memengaruhi keadaan kesehatan masyarakat dan mengurangi layanan air dan sanitasi; rumah sakit semakin bergantung pada generator listrik.{{cn|date=August 2014}} Lebih dari 485.000 [[pengungsi dalam negeri]] membutuhkan bantuan pangan darurat.<ref name="OCHA"/> Menanggapi krisis ini, OCHA meminta dana kemanusiaan darurat sebesar $390.338.824 untuk Palestina; 43% di antaranya sudah terpenuhi pada 3 Agustus.<ref>Global Post, 4 August, This is how much money the UN still needs to deliver basic aid to Gaza, http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/regions/middle-east/israel-and-palestine/140804/graphic-humanitarian-aid-to-gaza</ref>
 
== Latar belakang ==
{{main|Konflik Israel–Palestina}}
[[FileBerkas:SderotBurningFactory1.JPG|thumbnailjmpl|250px|Pabrik terbakar pasca serangan roket di [[Sderot|Sderot, Israel]], 28 Juni 2014<ref>http://mfa.gov.il/MFA/ForeignPolicy/Terrorism/Pages/Sderot-factory-destroyed-by-rocket-fire-29-Jun-2014.aspx</ref>]]
 
=== Pelanggaran gencatan senjata ===
==== 2011 (rekonsiliasi Hamas–Fatah pertama) ====
Dipengaruhi Musim Semi Arab (''Arab Spring''), keretakan antara Hamas dan Fatah berhasil dihapus pada tahun 2011. Pembicaraan rekonsiliasi didorong oleh unjuk rasa di [[Ramallah]] dan Gaza. Dua aktivis Hamas di Gaza tewas akibat serangan IDF setelah [[Abu Mazen|Mahmoud Abbas]] menyatakan ingin bepergian ke Gaza dan menandatangani sebuah perjanjian, meskipun katanya serangan ini merupakan tanggapan atas peluncuran satu roket Qassam yang tidak menewaskan siapapun.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Landau|first1=Idan|title=The unfolding lie of Operation Protective Edge|url=http://972mag.com/the-unfolding-lie-of-operation-protective-edge/93605/|publisher=+972|accessdate=30 July 2014}}</ref> Dalam wawancara dengan [[CNN]], Benjamin Netanyahu menyatakan bahwa pembicaraan rekonsiliasi tersebut merupakan ancaman penghancuran Israel. Ia sangat menentang adanya pemerintahan yang bersatu.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Ravid|first1=Barak|last2=Issacharof|first2=Avi|title=PM: Palestinian unity government would kill off the peace process|url=http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/pm-palestinian-unity-government-would-kill-off-the-peace-process-1.349890|website=Haaretz}}</ref>
 
==== 2012–2013 ====
Kedua sisi mengaku bahwa pihak lawan melanggar [[gencatan senjata 2012|perjanjian gencatan senjata]] November 2012. Menurut [[Ben White (jurnalis)|Ben White]], dua peluru mortar menghantam wilayah Israel dalam tiga bulan pertama pasca [[Operasi Pillar of Defense]], sedangkan empat warga Gaza tewas dan 91 lainnya cedera akibat serangan pasukan Israel. Pasukan Israel melepaskan tembakan ke teritori Gaza sebanyak 63 kali dan masuk ke Jalur Gaza 13 kali, serta menyerang armada nelayan Gaza 30 kali.<ref>[[Ben White (jurnalis)|Ben White]], [http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2013/02/2013220152044327694.html "What a 'period of calm' looks like in the Occupied Territories"], ''[[Al-Jazeera]]'', 22 February 2013.</ref>
 
Baris 78:
Menurut Kementerian Luar Negeri Israel, terjadi 36 serangan roket pada tahun 2013 dan 85 serangan pada lima bulan pertama tahun 2014.<ref>{{cite web|title=Rocket fire from Gaza and Palestinian ceasefire violations after Operation Cast Lead (Jan 2009)|url=http://mfa.gov.il/mfa/foreignpolicy/terrorism/pages/palestinian_ceasefire_violations_since_end_operation_cast_lead.aspx|website=Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs|accessdate=2 August 2014}}</ref> Sebagian besar dari 85 roket tersebut ditembakkan pada bulan Maret setelah IDF melancarkan operasi yang menewaskan 3 anggota Jihad Islam.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Fiske|first1=Gavriel|title=Three Islamic Jihad operatives killed by IDF fire in Gaza|url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/gazans-pelt-southern-israel-with-massive-rocket-barrage/|agency=AFP|publisher=The Times of Israel|date=11 March 2014}}</ref>
 
=== Rekonsiliasi Hamas–Fatah kedua ===
Pada tanggal 23 April 2014, Hamas menyetujui kesepakatan rekonsiliasi dengan faksi utama Palestian lainnya, [[Fatah]]<ref name="Rabbani"/><ref>{{cite news|title=Profile: Hamas Palestinian movement|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-13331522|publisher=BBC News|accessdate=14 July 2014}}</ref> setelah tujuh tahun terpecah. [[Pemerintahan Palestina 2014|Pemerintahan bersatu Palestina]] diambil sumpahnya pada 2 Juni 2014,<ref>{{cite web|last=Beaumont|first=Peter|title=Palestinian unity government of Fatah and Hamas sworn in|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jun/02/palestinian-unity-government-sworn-in-fatah-hamas|website=The Guardian|accessdate=13 July 2014}}</ref><ref name="Deal">{{cite news|last=Lyfield|first=Ben|title=Middle East peace: Deal between Palestinian political groups Fatah and Hamas casts doubt on faltering talks with Israel|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/middle-east-peace-deal-between-palestinian-political-groups-fatah-and-hamas-casts-doubt-on-faltering-talks-with-israel-9278684.html?origin=internalSearch|website=The Independent|accessdate=13 July 2014|archive-date=2014-10-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141028041145/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/middle-east-peace-deal-between-palestinian-political-groups-fatah-and-hamas-casts-doubt-on-faltering-talks-with-israel-9278684.html?origin=internalSearch|dead-url=yes}}</ref> dan Israel mengumumkan bahwa pemerintahnya tidak akan menegosiasikan perdamaian apapun dengan peemrintahan baru ini dan akan mengambil tindakan hukuman (punitif).<ref>{{cite web|last=Dalia|first=Hatuqa|title=Palestinians form consensus government|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2014/06/palestinians-set-swear-unity-government-20146281348223961.html|website=Aljazeera|accessdate=13 July 2014}}</ref> Selain menyatakan bahwa persatuan ini akan "memperkuat terorisme" satu hari sebelum kesepakatan ditandatangani, Benjamin Netanyahu mengatakan: "Komunitas internasional tidak boleh mengakui mereka."<ref>{{cite news|last=Daniel|first=Estrin|title=If you recognise new Palestinian government you support terrorism, Benjamin Netanyahu tells world leaders|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/if-you-recognise-palestinian-government-you-support-terrorism-benjamin-netanyahu-tells-world-leaders-9468161.html?origin=internalSearch|website=The Independent|accessdate=13 July 2014|archive-date=2014-07-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715015950/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/if-you-recognise-palestinian-government-you-support-terrorism-benjamin-netanyahu-tells-world-leaders-9468161.html?origin=internalSearch|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Uni Eropa, PBB, Amerika Serikat, Cina, India, Rusia, dan Turki sepakat untuk bekerja sama dengan pemerintah bersatu Palestina.<ref>(6 March 2014) [http://www.jpost.com/Diplomacy-and-Politics/EU-says-open-to-working-with-Palestinian-unity-government-355252 "International community welcomes Palestinian unity government"] ''[[The Jerusalem Post]]''</ref><ref>Panda, Ankit (4 June 2014) [http://thediplomat.com/2014/06/india-and-china-back-unified-palestinian-government/ "India and China Back Unified Palestinian Government"] ''[[The Diplomat]]''</ref><ref>Wroughton, Lesley and Zengerle, Patricia (2 June 2014) [http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/06/03/us-palestinian-unity-usa-idUSKBN0ED1VQ20140603 ''Obama administration to work with Palestinian unity government''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140829010420/http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/06/03/us-palestinian-unity-usa-idUSKBN0ED1VQ20140603 |date=2014-08-29 }} [[Reuters]]</ref><ref name=h20140603>{{cite news|title=Amid wave of endorsements, PM 'troubled' by U.S. decision to work with Palestinian gov't|url=http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/1.596907|work=Haaretz|date=3 June 2014}}</ref> Perjanjian ini memiliki dampak besar bagi putaran negosiasi perdamaian saat ini antara [[Otoritas Palestina]] yang dipimpin [[Mahmoud Abbas]] dan Israel. Sesaat setelah pengumuman perjanjian ini, Israel melancarkan serangan udara ke Jalur Gaza utara yang melukai empat orang.<ref name="Deal"/><ref>{{cite news|last=Barzak|first=Ibrahim|agency=Associated Press|url=http://www.thedalleschronicle.com/news/2014/apr/23/gaza-official-israeli-airstrike-wounds-3|title=Gaza official: Israeli airstrike wounds 3|website=The Dalles Chronicle|accessdate=16 July 2014|archive-date=2014-08-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140805040701/http://www.thedalleschronicle.com/news/2014/apr/23/gaza-official-israeli-airstrike-wounds-3/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Netanyahu memperingatkan sebelumnya bahwa perjanjian ini tidak sesuai dengan perdamaian Israel–Palestina dan Abbas harus memilih antara perdamaian dengan Hamas dan perdamaian dengan Israel. Saat kesepakatan rekonsiliasi ditandatangani sehingga membuka jalan bagi pembentukan pemerintahan baru, Netanyahu memimpin rapat kabinet keamanan yang akhirnya memutuskan untuk mengizinkan Netanyahu menjatuhkan sanksi kepada Otoritas Palestina.<ref name="Deal"/> Menurut [[Marwan Bishara]], pengamat politik senior di [[Al Jazeera]], Israel berharap mampu menggoyang [[pemerintahan Palestina 2014|pemerintah nasional bersatu Palestina]] antara Fatah dan Hamas melalui operasi ini.<ref name="conundrum">{{cite web|last=Bishara|first=Marwan|title= The Gaza conundrum: To invade or not to invade |url=http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2014/07/gaza-conundrum-invade-not-invade-20147118252237390.html|website= Al-Jazeera|accessdate=13 July 2014}}</ref>
 
=== Peristiwa susulan ===
[[FileBerkas:Rockets from gaza (en).png|thumbjmpl|250px|Jangkauan rudal dari Jalur Gaza]]
Pada tanggal 12 Juni 2014, [[penculikan dan pembunuhan remaja Israel|tiga remaja Israel diculik dari Tepi Barat]]: Naftali Fraenkel, Gilad Shaer, dan Eyal Yifrah. Israel menyalahkan [[Hamas]], dan IDF menyatakan bahwa dua pria yang diduga Israel menculik ketiga remaja tersebut diketahui sebagai anggota Hamas.<ref name="CBS 2014 Jun 26">{{cite news|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/israel-ids-2-main-suspects-in-teens-disappearance|title=Israel IDs 2 main suspects in teens disappearance|publisher=[[CBS News]]|date=26 June 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=Operation Brother's keeper|contribution=In extended version of kidnapped teens call to police, murderers heard singing in celebration|contribution-url=http://www.jpost.com/Operation-Brothers-Keeper/In-extended-version-of-kidnapped-teens-call-to-police-murderers-heard-singing-in-celebration-361270|newspaper=[[The Jerusalem Post]]}}</ref> Tidak ada bukti keterlibatan Hamas yang diberikan pemerintah Israel<ref name="Islamist_group_blame">Robert Tait. [http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/israel/10901225/Hamas-kidnapping-Islamist-group-to-blame-for-youths-kidnapping-Benjamin-Netanyahu-says.html "Hamas kidnapping: Islamist group to blame for youths' 'kidnapping', Benjamin Netanyahu says"], ''The Telegraph'', 15 June 2014</ref> dan para petinggi Hamas membantah kelompoknya terlibat dalam insiden ini.<ref name="20140615TOI">{{cite news|url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/israel-rounds-up-senior-hamas-men-in-the-west-bank|title=Israel rounds up senior Hamas men in West Bank sweep|date=15 June 2014|work=The Times of Israel|accessdate=15 June 2014}}</ref> Otoritas Palestina di Tepi Barat menyalahkan penculikan ini pada [[suku Qawasameh|klan Qawasameh]] yang dikenal suka melawan kebijakan Hamas dan melawan upaya apapun demi mencapai [[wikt:Special:Search/entente|entente]] dengan Israel.<ref>Shlomi Eldar [http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2014/06/qawasmeh-clan-hebron-hamas-leadership-mahmoud-abbas.html "Accused kidnappers are actually rogue Hamas branch"], [[Al-Monitor]], 29 June 2014.</ref> Pemimpin politik Hamas Khaled Meshal mengatakan bahwa ia tidak bisa membenarkan atau membantah penculikan ketiga remaja Israel ini, tetapi ia mengucapkan selamat atas aksi para penculik tersebut.<ref name="Haaretz">{{cite news|url=http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/1.600759#!|title=Hamas chief lauds abductors of Israeli teens, says has no new information|work=Haaretz|accessdate=23 June 2014}}</ref> Tanggal 5 Agustus, Israel menyatakan bahwa pihaknya telah menahan Hossam Kawasmeh pada 11 Juli yang diduga merencanakan pembunuhan tiga remaja Israel. Menurut dokumen pengadilan, Kawasmeh mengaku bahwa anggota Hamas di Gaza mendanai perekrutan dan persenjataan para penculik.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.yahoo.com/palestinian-suspect-held-over-kidnap-murders-3-israelis-232132557.html|title=Palestinian suspect held over kidnap murders of 3 Israelis: police|publisher=Yahoo! News|date=2014-08-05|accessdate=2014-08-06}}</ref><ref>{{citeweb|last=Rabinovitch|first=Ari|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/08/05/us-mideast-gaza-arrests-idUSKBN0G529N20140805|title=Israel says it has arrested suspect in killing of 3 teenagers|publisher=Reuters|date=2014-08-05|accessdate=2014-08-06|archive-date=2014-08-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140806033106/http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/08/05/us-mideast-gaza-arrests-idUSKBN0G529N20140805|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Israel melancarkan [[Operasi Brother's Keeper]], serbuan berskala besar terhadap infrastruktur teroris dan personel Hamas di Tepi Barat<ref name="20140617Algemeiner">{{cite news|url=http://www.algemeiner.com/2014/06/17/idf-seizes-hundreds-of-weapons-in-nablus-as-operation-brother%E2%80%99s-keeper-enters-5th-day-video|title=IDF Seizes Hundreds of Weapons in Nablus, as Operation 'Brother's Keeper' Enters 5th Day|date=17 June 2014|work=[[Algemeiner Journal]]|accessdate=7 July 2014}}</ref> yang awalnya bertujuan membebaskan remaja yang diculik tersebut. 10 warga Palestina tewas dalam beberapa serbuan,<ref name="maannews1"/><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jun/26/hunt-missing-israeli-boys-recriminations|title=Hunt for missing Israeli boys stirs up familiar recriminations|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|date=26 June 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.dailynewsegypt.com/2014/07/03/murder-palestinian-teen-abu-khudeir-condemned|title=Murder of Palestinian teen, Abu Khudeir, condemned|work=[[Daily News Egypt]]|date=3 July 2014}}</ref> dan antara 350 sampai 600 warga Palestina,<ref name="20140615TOI">{{cite news|url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/israel-rounds-up-senior-hamas-men-in-the-west-bank|title=Israel rounds up senior Hamas men in West Bank sweep|date=15 June 2014|work=The Times of Israel|accessdate=15 June 2014}}</ref><ref name="maannews1">Maan News, http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=714820 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140730054343/http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=714820 |date=2014-07-30 }}</ref><ref name="Ahren">{{cite news|first=Raphael|last=Ahren|url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/is-israels-operation-to-find-kidnapped-teens-a-war-crime|title=Is Israel's operation to find kidnapped teens a war crime?|newspaper=[[The Times of Israel]]|date=23 June 2014}}</ref><ref name="Zitun">{{cite news|first=Yoav|last=Zitun|url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4531266,00.html|title=Operation Bring Back Our Brothers: IDF arrests 200, shift focus to Nablus|publisher=[[Ynetnews]]|date=17 June 2014}}</ref> termasuk hampir seluruh pemimpin Hamas di Tepi Barat,<ref name="jpost2"/><ref>{{cite news|url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/2/8/105345/World/Region/Israel-commited-serious-violations-in-West-Bank-op.aspx|title=Israel committed serious violations in West Bank operations: HRW|work=[[Al-Ahram]]|date=3 July 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/1-wounded-as-israel-arrests-10-palestinians-in-west-bank-114062600717_1.html|title=1 wounded as Israel arrests 10 Palestinians in West Bank|work=[[Business Standard]]|date=26 June 2014}}</ref> ditangkap.<ref>{{cite news|title=Middle East & Africa: Murder of three kidnapped Israeli youths has set dangerous new spate|url=http://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21606288-murder-three-kidnapped-israeli-youths-has-set-dangerous-new-spate|newspaper=The Economist}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=Yoav|last=Zitun|url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4532764,00.html|title=Rescue units rushed to Hebron, searching wells and caves|publisher=Ynetnews.com|date=21 June 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|first=John B.|last=Judis|url=http://www.newrepublic.com/article/118630/israel-palestine-murders-cause-criss-will-john-kerry-step|title=John Kerry's First Peace Effort in Israel and Palestine Failed, But Now He Needs to Try Again|newspaper=[[The New Republic]]|date=9 July 2014|accessdate=28 July 2014}}</ref> Di antara mereka yang ditangkap adalah orang-orang yang baru saja dibebaskan melalui proses [[pertukaran tahanan Gilad Shalit]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Crowcroft|first1=Orlando|title=Palestinians freed in 2011 Gilad Shalit prisoner-swap back in custody|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jun/18/palestinians-freed-2001-gilad-shalit-custody|publisher=The Guardian|date=18 June 2014}}</ref>
 
Tanggal 30 Juni, tim pencari menemukan jasad ketiga remaja yang hilang di dekat Hebron.<ref name="JPOST_Dead">{{cite news|title=Bodies of three kidnapped Israeli teens found in West Bank|url=http://www.jpost.com/Operation-Brothers-Keeper/Large-number-of-IDF-forces-gather-north-of-Hebron-in-search-for-kidnapped-teens-361048|work=The Jerusalem Post|date=30 June 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4536378,00.html|title=Security forces find missing teens' bodies in West Bank|publisher=[[Ynetnews]]|accessdate=30 June 2014}}</ref><ref name="bo3ktf">{{cite news|url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/bodies-of-three-kidnapped-teens-found|title=Bodies of three kidnapped teens found|newspaper=[[The Times of Israel]]|date=30 June 2014}}</ref> Pemerintah Israel tampaknya sudah mengetahui dengan pasti bahwa ketiga remaja ini langsung ditembak sesaat setelah diculik,<ref>Noam Sheizaf,[http://972mag.com/how-the-public-was-manipulated-into-believing-the-teens-were-alive/92865 "How the public was manipulated into believing the teens were alive"], 972mag.com, 2 July 2014.</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://forward.com/articles/201764/how-politics-and-lies-triggered-an-unintended-war/?p=all|title=How Politics and Lies Triggered an Unintended War in Gaza|newspaper=The Jewish Daily Forward|date=10 July 2014}}</ref> dan wartawan BBC [[Jon Donnison]] mengatakan bahwa juru bicara [[Micky Rosenfeld]] memberitahunya bahwa para penculik merupakan sel terpisah yang berafiliasi dengan Hamas namun tidak beroperasi atas perintah Hamas.<ref>{{cite news|author1=Katie Zavadski|title=It Turns Out Hamas May Not Have Kidnapped and Killed the 3 Israeli Teens After All|url=http://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2014/07/hamas-didnt-kidnap-the-israeli-teens-after-all.html|agency=[[New York (magazine)|New York magazine]]|date=28 Jul, 2014 (updated)|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140730074250/http://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2014/07/hamas-didnt-kidnap-the-israeli-teens-after-all.html|archivedate=30 Jul, 2014|deadurl=no}} "Israeli police spokesman Mickey Rosenfeld also said if kidnapping had been ordered by Hamas leadership, they'd have known about it in advance."</ref> ''[[Al-Monitor]]'' melaporkan bahwa para penculik adalah cabang yang terkait dengan Hamas yang mulai liar sendiri.<ref name="rogue">Shlomi Eldar [http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2014/06/qawasmeh-clan-hebron-hamas-leadership-mahmoud-abbas.html "Accused kidnappers are actually rogue Hamas branch"], ''[[Al-Monitor]]'', 29 June 2014.</ref> Sehari setelah jenazah tiga remaja Israel dikuburkan, [[penculikan dan pembunuhan Mohammed Abu Khdeir|seorang remaja Palestina diculik dan dibunuh]].
 
Sejak 1 Mei sampai 11 Juni, 6 roket dan 3 peluru mortar diluncurkan dari Gaza ke Israel.<ref name=list>{{cite web|title=List of Palestinian rocket attacks on Israel, 2014|url=https://en.wiki-indonesia.club/wiki/List_of_Palestinian_rocket_attacks_on_Israel,_2014|publisher=Wikipedia}}</ref> Tanggal 29 Juni, serangan udara Israel ke awak roket menewaskan seorang militan Hamas. Keesokan harinya, Hamas menanggapi serangan Israel dengan serangkaian roket; ini adalah pertama kalinya Hamas meluncurkan roket sejak konflik tahun 2012.<ref name=Goldberg/> Sejak hari penculikan tanggal 12 Juni sampai 5 Juli, 117 roket diluncurkan dari Gaza<ref name=list/> dan 80 serangan udara Israel dilancarkan ke Gaza.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Tzuri|first1=Matan|url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4532020,00.html|website=www.ynetnews.com|publisher=Ynet|accessdate=3 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/2014/06/29/uk-israel-palestinians-idUKKBN0F40F220140629|website=uk.reuters.com|publisher=Reuters|accessdate=3 August 2014|title=Salinan arsip|archive-date=2014-08-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808051002/http://uk.reuters.com/article/2014/06/29/uk-israel-palestinians-idUKKBN0F40F220140629|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Pada malam 6 Juli, serangan Israel menewaskan tujuh militan Hamas.<ref name="Rabbani"/> Sebagai tanggapan, militan Hamas meningkatkan jumlah serangan roket ke Israel.<ref name="economist-two-big"/> Pada 7 Juli, militan Hamas telah menembakkan 100 roket dari Gaza ke wilayah Israel dan [[Angkatan Udara Israel]] telah mengebom beberapa target di Gaza.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2014/7/7/israel-launched-deadlyairstrikesingaza.html|title=Israel launches military offensive in Gaza|publisher=[[Al-Jazeera]]|date=7 July 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=Noam|last=Sheizaf|url=http://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2014/7/8/israeli-palestinianclashesupsettingisraelifaithinstatusquo.html|title=Israeli-Palestinian clashes upsetting Israeli faith in status quo|publisher=[[Al-Jazeera]]|date=7 July 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/1.603472|type=live updates|date=7 July 2014|title=Rockets bombard south, Hamas claims responsibility|work=[[Haaretz]]|accessdate=11 July 2014}}</ref> Pada 8 Juli, IAF mengebom 50 target di Jalur Gaza.<ref>{{Citation|first1=Spencer|last1=Ho|first2=Yifa|last2=Yaakov|url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/israel-pounds-dozens-of-gaza-targets-in-major-counteroffensive|title=Israel hits Hamas, Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ) leaders after rockets land north of Tel Aviv|type=blog|newspaper=[[The Times of Israel]]|date=8 July 2014}}</ref> Militer Israel juga menggagalkan infiltrasi militan dari laut.<ref>{{cite web|last=Horovitz|first=David|url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/israel-pounds-dozens-of-gaza-targets-in-major-counteroffensive|title=Israel hits Hamas, Islamic Jihad leaders after rockets land north of Tel Aviv|work=The Times of Israel|date=23 December 2013|accessdate=10 July 2014}}</ref> Brigadir Jenderal Moti Almoz, kepala juru bicara militer Israel, mengatakan "Kami diperintahkan oleh para eselon politik untuk menyerang Hamas dengan keras."<ref name=Goldberg>{{cite web|last=Goldberg|first=J.J.|title=How Politics and Lies Triggered an Unintended War in Gaza|url=http://forward.com/articles/201764/how-politics-and-lies-triggered-an-unintended-war|work=The Forward|accessdate=14 July 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140724041900/http://forward.com/articles/201764/how-politics-and-lies-triggered-an-unintended-war/?p=all|archivedate=24 July, 2014|deadurl=no}}</ref> Pada hari yang sama, Hamas menyatakan bahwa "semua warga Israel" adalah "target yang sah"<ref name="all-israelis-targets"/><ref name="Abu Toameh K"/> dan memaksa Israel mengakhiri semua serangannya ke Gaza, membebaskan orang-orang yang kembali ditangkap saat serbuan di Tepi Barat, mengakhiri pemblokiran Gaza dan kembali ke kondisi gencatan senjata 2012 sebagai syarat gencatan senjata.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=711104|title=Hamas armed wing sets conditions for ceasefire|publisher=Maannews.net|accessdate=22 July 2014|archive-date=2014-07-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140724215525/http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=711104|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
 
== Garis waktu ==
[[FileBerkas:Operation Protective Edge (14654759733).jpg|thumbjmpl|250px|Rumah di [[Beersheba]], [[Israel]], setelah dihantam roket pada konflik hari keempat, 11 Juli 2014<ref>http://www.timesofisrael.com/no-end-to-gaza-rocket-fire-israeli-air-strikes-on-day-5-of-hamas-conflict/</ref>]]▼
{{Main|Garis waktu konflik Israel–Gaza 2014}}
▲[[File:Operation Protective Edge (14654759733).jpg|thumb|250px|Rumah di [[Beersheba]], [[Israel]], setelah dihantam roket pada konflik hari keempat, 11 Juli 2014<ref>http://www.timesofisrael.com/no-end-to-gaza-rocket-fire-israeli-air-strikes-on-day-5-of-hamas-conflict/</ref>]]
* 8—16 Juli - IDF mengebom target di Jalur Gaza dengan artileri dan serangan udara. Sementara itu, Hamas terus menembakkan roket dan peluru mortar ke Israel, banyak di antaranya dihancurkan oleh sistem pertahanan udara [[Kubah Besi]] Israel. Per 16 Juli, jumlah korban tewas di Gaza mencapai 200 jiwa.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.digitaljournal.com/news/world/new-israeli-air-strikes-bring-gaza-toll-to-200-medics/article/390129|title=Israel warns 100,000 Gazans to flee as truce efforts resume|publisher=Digitaljournal.com |date=15 July 2014|accessdate=17 July 2014}}</ref>
* 17 Juli - [[Gencatan senjata]] kemanusiaan selama lima jam dilaksanakan sesuai usulan PBB. Pasca gencatan senjata, IDF memulai serangan darat ke Jalur Gaza. Awalnya, fokus operasi darat Israel adalah menghancurkan terowongan di dekat Jalur Gaza. Terowongan tersebut digunakan oleh militan untuk memindahkan orang dan barang.
Baris 98 ⟶ 97:
* 25 Juli - Serangan udara Israel menewaskan Salah Abu Hassanein, pemimpin sayap militer Jihad Islam.<ref>{{cite news|title=Israeli Strike Kills a Leader of Islamic Jihad|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/26/world/middleeast/israel-gaza-strip.html?_r=0|work=New York Times|date=25 July 2014}}</ref>
* 26 Juli - Gencatan senjata kemanusiaan dilaksanakan selama dua belas jam,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.foxnews.com/world/2014/07/26/humanitarian-cease-fire-in-gaza-takes-effect|title=Gaza crisis: Humanitarian cease-fire between Israel, Hamas takes effect|publisher=[[Fox News]]|date=26 July 2014|accessdate=26 July 2014}}</ref> kemudian diperpanjang secara unilateral oleh Israel selama 24 jam.<ref>{{cite news|title=Israel extends unilateral cease-fire as Gaza death toll tops 1,000|url=http://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2014/7/26/gaza-israel-hamas.html|accessdate=28 July 2014}}</ref> Jumlah korban tewas asal Palestina di Jalur Gaza mencapai 1.000 jiwa.<ref>{{cite news|title=Palestinians Survey Devastation as Gaza Death Toll Tops 1,000|url=http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/middle-east-unrest/palestinians-survey-devastation-gaza-death-toll-tops-1-000-n165536|publisher=NBC News|date=26 July 2014}}</ref>
* A.S. dan PBB mengumumkan bahwa Israel dan Palestina menyetujui gencatan senjata 72 jam terhitung sejak 8:00 pagi waktu setempat tanggal 1 Agustus. Muncul beberapa permasalahan soal syarat gencatan senjata. Israel dan A.S. menyatakan bahwa perjanjiannya adalah "[Israel] tetap melanjutkan operasi penghancuran terowongan yang mengancam wilayah Israel yang membentang dari Jalur Gaza ke Israel selama terowongan tersebut berakhir di sisi Israel." Hamas mengatakan bahwa mereka tidak menyetujui syarat tersebut.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2014/08/ceasefire-gaza-strip-20148145731196790.html |title=Israeli military announces end to Gaza truce - Middle East |publisher=Al Jazeera English |date= |accessdate=2014-08-04}}</ref><ref name=BluDeg /> Gencatan senjata gagal tidak lama setelah dimulai. Israel dan A.S. menyalahkan Hamas karena melanggarnya, namun dibantah Hamas. Menurut Israel, beberapa tentara Israel diserang oleh militan Palestina yang keluar dari sebuah terowongan.<ref>{{cite news|last=Duell |first=Mark |url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2712656/Israel-Gaza-ceasefire-ends-sides-blame-breaching-truce.html |title=Israel-Gaza ceasefire ends, UN chief blames Hamas &#124; Mail Online |publisher=Daily Mail |date=2014-07-31 |accessdate=2014-08-04}}</ref> Menurut Palestina, IDF adalah pihak pertama yang melanggar gencatan senjata pada pukul 8:30 pagi dengan meratakan 19 bangunan saat operasi penghancuran terowongan sedang berlangsung.<ref name="BluDeg" /> Menurut [[PLO]], [[Otoritas Palestina]], dan sumber-sumber di Gaza, Hamas menyerang satu unit pasukan Israel dan menewaskan seorang perwira Israel ([[Hadar Goldin]], awalnya diduga diculik) saat pasukan Israel masih terlibat aktivitas militer di [[Rafah]] sebelum gencatan senjata diberlakukan. Beberapa twit melaporkan adanya pertempuran di Rafah menjelang gencatan senjata.<ref name="BluDeg" >[[Max Blumenthal]] and Allison Deger, [http://mondoweiss.net/2014/08/ceasefire-against-evidence.html 'Who broke the ceasefire? Obama blames Hamas against the evidence,'] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808045817/http://mondoweiss.net/2014/08/ceasefire-against-evidence.html|date=2014-08-08}} [[Mondoweiss]] 2 August 2014.</ref> Hamas juga menewaskan dua tentara dalam serangan [[pengeboman bunuh diri]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ynet.co.il/articles/0,7340,L-4553298,00.html |title=ynet חשש: חמאס ניצל הפסקת האש וחטף קצין. שני לוחמים נהרגו. צה"ל: הפסקת האש קרסה – חדשות |publisher=Ynet.co.il |date= |accessdate=2 August 2014}}</ref> Pemimpin senior Hamas, Moussa Abu Marzouk, menuduh Israel mencari gara-gara untuk menggagalkan gencatan senjata Gaza. Ia juga mengatakan bahwa para pejuang Palestina menculik perwira tersebut dan membunuh dua tentara sebelum gencatan senjata dimulai,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aa.com.tr/en/news/367402--hamas-violates-gaza-truce-israeli-pm-tells-kerry|title=Israel using soldier's capture to 'cover up massacre': Hamas|publisher=[[Anadolu Agency]] |date=1 August 2014|accessdate=1 August 2014}}</ref> sedangkan Israel mengaku serangan terjadi pada pukul 9:20 pagi, tidak lama setelah gencatan senjata dimulai pukul 8:00.<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/02/world/middleeast/israel-gaza-conflict.html?_r=0 Gaza Fighting Intensifies as Cease-Fire Falls Apart], Jodi Rudoren, and Isabel Kershneraug, August 1, 2014: "Israel said the attack, from under a house near the southern border town of Rafah, took place at 9:20 a.m., soon after the 8 a.m. onset of the temporary truce..."</ref><ref>[http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/hamas-says-missing-israeli-soldier-in-gaza-hadar-goldin-is-likely-dead/2014/08/02/92562694-56cd-48c0-921b-b851fb2eca09_story.html] Netanyahu says Israeli military ‘will take as much time as necessary’ in Gaza, Griff Witte and Sudarsan Raghavan, 2 August 2014, Washington Post.</ref><ref>[http://www.cnn.com/2014/08/01/world/meast/mideast-crisis/ Captured, killed or missing? Fate of Israeli soldier remains unknown], by Mariano Castillo, Chelsea J. Carter and Salma Abdelaziz of CNN, updated 10:37 PM EDT, Fri August 1, 2014</ref>
* 3 Agustus - IDF menarik sebagian besar pasukan daratnya dari Jalur Gaza setelah menyelesaikan penghancuran 32 terowongan yang diketahui dipakai oleh Hamas dan militan lain.<ref name=withdrawal2/><ref name="withdrawal">{{cite news|author=Yossi Melman <!-- Opinion --> |url=http://www.i24news.tv/en/news/israel/diplomacy-defense/39097-140803-analysis-israel-s-victorious-withdrawal-from-gaza |title=Analysis: Israel's victorious withdrawal from Gaza |publisher=I24news.tv |date=3 August 2014 |accessdate=4 August 2014}}</ref><ref>[http://bigstory.ap.org/article/israeli-begins-redeploying-along-gaza-border Israel withdraws most troops from Gaza] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826211051/http://bigstory.ap.org/article/israeli-begins-redeploying-along-gaza-border |date=2014-08-26 }} ''[[Associated Press]]''</ref>
* 5 Agustus - Gencatan senjata 72 jam dimulai setelah seluruh tentara Israel ditarik dari Jalur Gaza.<ref name=withdrawal2>{{cite news|title=New Gaza cease-fire begins as Israel withdraws troops|url=http://www.latimes.com/world/middleeast/la-fg-israel-withdraws-troops-as-72-hour-gaza-truce-begins-20140805-story.html|date=5 August 2014}}</ref>
<!--This section should be kept short per WP:SUMMARYSTYLE. Please only list major events (i.e. do not list mere "talks" that result in no action.) -->
 
== Dampak ==
=== Penduduk Palestina ===
[[FileBerkas:Israeli Strikes on North Gaza.jpg|thumbjmpl|250px|Peta yang menampilkan lokasi kerusakan akibat rudal di Gaza Utara<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.unitar.org/unosat/node/44/2041?utm_source=unosat-unitar&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=maps|title=Damage Assessment in Gaza City, Gaza Strip – Occupied Palestinian Territory|work=UN UNOSAT|date=31 July 2014|accessdate=1 August 2014}}</ref>]]
{{As of|2014|7|20}}, rumah sakit di Gaza tidak memadai dan menghadapi kelangkaan beberapa jenis obat-obatan, suplai medis, dan bahan bakar.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2014/07/10/gaza-hospitals-ill-equipped-for-israeli-onslaught|title=Gaza Hospitals Ill-equipped for Israeli Onslaught|work=U.S. News and World Report|date=10 July 2014|accessdate=11 July 2014}}</ref> Mesir untuk sementara membuka kembali perlintasan Rafah agar persediaan obat-obatan bisa diangkut ke Gaza dan korban cedera bisa dirawat di Mesir.<ref name="aljaz">{{cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2014/07/death-toll-climbs-as-israel-bombards-gaza-201471092828483396.html|title=Toll mounts as Israel steps up Gaza air raids|publisher=Al Jazeera English|date=11 July 2014|accessdate=11 July 2014}}</ref> Harga makanan, termasuk ikan dan hasil tani, naik drastis akibat operasi ini.<ref name="Ramadan">{{cite news|last=Beaumont|first=Peter|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jul/11/ramadan-gaza-life-under-missile-fire|title=Ramadan in Gaza: life under missile-fire|work=The Guardian|accessdate=12 July 2014}}</ref> Laporan berita tanggal 21 Juli menyatakan bahwa lebih dari 83.000 warga Palestina berlindung di fasilitas milik PBB.<ref name="CNN-crisis">{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2014/07/21/world/meast/mideast-crisis/|title=Deaths mount in Gaza and Israel as U.S. pushes cease-fire|publisher=CNN.com|date=21 July 2014|accessdate=22 July 2014}}</ref>
 
Menurut United Nations' Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), pada 31 Juli 2014 di Jalur Gaza, lebih dari 250.000 warga Palestina kehilangan tempat tinggal, 236.375 di antaranya berlindung di 88 sekolah UNRWA (lebih dari 11 persen populasi Gaza). UNRWA telah mengerahkan segala kemampuannya untuk memfasilitasi para pengungsi, dan kepadatan pengungsi meningkatkan risiko terjadinya wabah. Seluruh penduduk Gaza sebanyak 1,8 juta jiwa terkena dampak pembatasan dan/atau berkurangnya persediaan air. 137 sekolah dan 24 fasilitas kesehatan<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/gaza-conflict-israel-hamas-both-committing-war-crimes-un-official-says-1.2723446 |title=Gaza conflict: Israel, Hamas both committing war crimes, UN official says – World – CBC News |publisher=Cbc.ca |date= |accessdate=2 August 2014}}</ref> rusak, 945 rumah (10.690 keluarga) hancur total atau rusak parah, dan rumah milik 5.435 keluarga rusak namun masih bisa ditinggali. Di seluruh Jalur Gaza, penduduknya hanya mendapat pasokan listrik selama tiga jam per hari. Penghancuran satu-satunya pembangkit listrik di Gaza sangat memengaruhi keadaan kesehatan masyarakat dan mengurangi layanan air dan sanitasi; rumah sakit semakin bergantung pada generator listrik.
 
OCHA memperkirakan bahwa sedikitnya 373.000 anak membutuhkan [[bantuan psikososial]].<ref name="OCHA"/> "Kepadatan yang berlebihan, ditambah terbatasnya akses staf kemanusiaan ke tempat-tempat tertentu, terus mengurangi kualitas hidup di beberapa pengungsian dan meningkatkan kekhawatiran soal perlindungan. Suplai air belakangan ini lumayan menantang..."<ref>{{cite web|title=Occupied Palestinian Territory: Gaza emergency: Humanitarian Snapshot (as of 22 July 2014)|url=http://www.ochaopt.org/documents/humanitarian_Snapshot_23July2014_oPt_V1.pdf|publisher=UN OCHA|date=22 July 2014|access-date=2014-08-06|archive-date=2014-07-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140727103308/http://www.ochaopt.org/documents/humanitarian_Snapshot_23July2014_oPt_V1.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Lebih dari 485.000 pengungsi dalam negeri membutuhkan bantuan pangan darurat.<ref name="OCHA"/>
 
=== Penduduk Israel ===
Hamas dan kelompok Islamis lainnya di Gaza telah menembakkan roket dan mortar ke kota dan desa di Israel. Meski Israel menggunakan sistem pertahanan rudal Kubah Besi, sedikitnya 3 warga sipil tewas (satu warga Yahudi Israel, satu warga Arab Israel, dan satu pekerja Thai).<ref>"[http://www.dailymail.co.uk/wires/ap/article-2707252/Israeli-Arabs-caught-middle-Gaza-war.html Israeli Arabs caught in the middle]." ''Daily Mail''.</ref> Seorang remaja Israel cedera parah setelah roket menghantam kota Ashkelon.<ref>"[http://www.jewishexponent.com/headlines/2014/07/rocket-seriously-injures-israeli-teen-in-ashkelon-dual-citizens-leave-gaza Rocket seriously injures Israeli teen in Ashkelon dual citizens leave Gaza]." ''Jewish Exponent''. July, 2014.</ref> Para pekerja medis mengatakan bahwa remaja Israel yang rawan terkena gangguan jiwa terus menderita saat konflik jangka pendek maupun jangka panjang. Sejumlah pakar mengidentifikasi sejumlah gejala kesehatan jiwa yang muncul sepanjang konflik seperti kegelisahan, depresi, gangguan obsesif-kompulsif, sensitivitas interpersonal, fobia, dan paranoia. Banyak yang meragukan gejala kesehatan ini akan berkurang setelah konflik berakhir.<ref>"[http://www.timesofisrael.com/long-conflict-wears-on-teen-psyche-14-year-study/ Israeli teens’ mental health worsens when Arab-Israeli conflict does ]." ''The Times of Israel''. August 4, 2014.</ref>
 
Mayoritas penduduk Arab Israel, sekitar dua puluh persen populasi Israel, berada di dalam jangkauan roket Hamas. Hal ini memicu kekhawatiran di kalangan warga Arab Israel setelah seorang Arab Israel tewas akibat serangan roket. Opini warga Arab Israel dalam konflik ini bercampur, ada yang menolak perang dan ada yang mendukung posisi Israel.<ref>Heller, Aron. [http://www.abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/israeli-arabs-caught-middle-gaza-war-24730442 Israeli Arabs Caught in the Middle of Gaza War ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140806155030/http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/israeli-arabs-caught-middle-gaza-war-24730442 |date=2014-08-06 }}." ''ABC News''. Jul 27, 2014.</ref>
 
Saat operasi dimulai, pemerintah Israel membatalkan semua program 40&nbsp;km (24 mil) dari Gaza, dan meminta agar semua orang tetap di dalam rumah atau dekat tempat berlindung. Seluruh kamp musim panas ditutup dan universitas membatalkan ujian akhirnya.<ref name="Times of Israel">{{cite web|url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/as-israel-grapples-with-homegrown-killers-violence-continues|title=Israel launches 'Protective Edge' counteroffensive on Gaza, Jewish suspects reenact teen's murder|work=Timesofisrael.com|accessdate=8 July 2014}}</ref> Selain itu, penduduk dilarang membuat kerumunan sebanyak 300 orang atau lebih.<ref name="The New York Times">{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/09/world/middleeast/israel-steps-up-offensive-against-hamas-in-gaza.html|title=Israel Steps Up Offensive Against Hamas in Gaza|work=The New York Times|accessdate=8 July 2014}}</ref> Karena lintasan roket dari Gaza, banyak penerbangan ke dan dari [[Bandar Udara Ben-Gurion]] yang ditunda atau dialihkan.<ref>{{cite web|author=Lori Lowenthal Marcus|url=http://www.jewishpress.com/news/breaking-news/rocket-sirens-in-tel-aviv-and-ben-gurion-airport/2014/07/13|title=Rocket Sirens in Tel Aviv and Ben Gurion Airport|publisher=The Jewish Press|date=13 July 2014|accessdate=17 July 2014}}</ref>
 
=== Korban ===
==== Palestina ====
{{further|Daftar serangan Israel dan korban Palestina dalam Operasi Protective Edge}}
Jumlah korban tewas asal Palestina di Gaza dari berbagai sumber:
Baris 132 ⟶ 131:
|| ~380
|| —
|| 5 Agustus<ref name="resigns"/><ref name="continues">{{cite web|url=http://english.farsnews.comir/newstext.aspx?nn=13930512000226|title=Gaza Death Toll Growing as Israel Continues Massacre|accessdate=2 August 2014|archive-date=2014-08-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808050624/http://english.farsnews.ir/newstext.aspx?nn=13930512000226|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
|-
| [[Pusat Hak Asasi Manusia Palestina]]
Baris 163 ⟶ 162:
|}
 
Menurut Kementerian Kesehatan Gaza, sejauh ini 1.880 warga Palestina tewas dan 9.400 lainnya luka-luka,<ref name="resigns"/> 80% di antaranya adalah warga sipil.<ref name="continues"/> Menurut [[United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs]], 1.717 warga Palestina tewas, 85% di antaranya adalah warga sipil.<ref name="OCHA">{{cite journal |title=Gaza Emergency Situation Report |date=3 August 2014 |accessdate=4 August 2014 |publisher=[[United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs]]: Occupied Palestinian Territory |url=http://www.ochaopt.org/documents/ocha_opt_sitrep_04_08_2014.pdf |journal= |archive-date=2014-08-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140806095656/http://www.ochaopt.org/documents/ocha_opt_sitrep_04_08_2014.pdf |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Menurut data dari Kementerian Kesehatan Gaza, 79,7% warga Palestina yang tewas di Gaza berjenis kelamin pria, kebanyakan di antaranya berusia antara 16 dan 35 tahun.<ref>{{cite news |author=Davidovich, Joshua, [[Haviv Rettig|Haviv Rettig Gur]], and Marissa Newman |url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/day-20-idf-toll-rises-to-42-hamas-breaches-truce-resumes-rocket-fire-kerry-heads-home/#liveblog-entry-1036480 |title=Majority of Gaza dead are fighting-age men |work=[[The Times of Israel]] |date=27 July 2014 |accessdate=27 July 2014}}</ref>
 
Lebih dari 269.800 orang yang kehilangan tempat tinggal mengungsi di sekolah-sekolah [[UNRWA]]. 138 sekolah dan 26 fasilitas medis rusak. Selain itu, lebih dari 14.130 rumah hancur atau rusak akibat serangan udara.<ref name="OCHA"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2014/07/gaza-toll-passes-100-as-israel-raids-continue-2014711104221774156.html |title=Gaza toll passes 105 as Israel raids continue|publisher=Aljazeera.com|date=11 July 2014|accessdate=17 July 2014}}</ref> IDF memperkirakan bahwa sekitar 30–40% roket yang disiimpan Hamas dan kelompok militan Palestina lainnya berhasil dimusnahkan.<ref name="updateno13">{{cite web|url=http://www.terrorism-info.org.il/Data/articles/Art_20686/E_127_14_1293730018.pdf |title=Operation Protective Edge – Update No. 13 |format=PDF |date=27 July 2014 |publisher=Israeli Intelligence & Heritage Commemoration Center |accessdate=28 July 2014}}</ref>
 
Menurut [[Intelligence and Terrorism Information Center|Meir Amit Intelligence and Terrorism Center]], per 4 Agustus 2014, 453 teroris, 466 warga sipil, dan 579 warga Palestina yang tak dikenal tewas di Gaza.<ref name="updateno19"/> Ketika pertempuran Israel–Gaza berlangsung, unjuk rasa solidaritas terjadi secara sporadis di Tepi Barat. Kekerasan selama unjuk rasa menewaskan 11 warga Palestina pada 22–26 Juli.<ref>[http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=716306 "Entire Gaza family killed prior to ceasefire, as death toll tops 940"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140730124119/http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=716306|date=2014-07-30}}, [[Ma'an News Agency]], 26 July 2014.</ref>
 
Pada tanggal 30 Juli, media Israel dan Palestina melaporkan bahwa 30 warga sipil dari berbagai daerah di Gaza dituduh bekerja sama dengan Israel dan [[eksekusi kilat|langsung dieksekusi]]. Selain itu, sekitar 20 warga sipil dari [[Shejaia]] dikabarkan tewas saat unjuk rasa politik melawan Hamas; mereka menyalahkan Hamas atas kehancuran masif di permukiman mereka.<ref name=solomon>{{cite news|url=http://www.jpost.com/Operation-Protective-Edge/Report-Hamas-executes-alleged-spies-shoots-protesters-in-Gaza-369331|title=Report: Hamas executes alleged spies, shoots protesters in Gaza|first=Ariel Ben|last=Solomon|publisher=''The Jerusalem Post''|date=29 July 2014|accessdate=30 July 2014}}</ref> Beberapa hari kemudian, Hamas kabarnya membunuh 2 warga Gaza dan melukai 10 lainnya setelah terjadi bentrokan gara-gara pembagian makanan.<ref>http://www.algemeiner.com/2014/07/29/hamas-police-shoot-kill-starving-gazans-a-day-after-executing-protesters/</ref>
 
Menurut sumber-sumber Israel dan Palestina, sebgiansebagian roket yang gagal luncur melukai dan menewaskan warga Palestina. Hamas membantah bahwa roketnya ada yang jatuh di Jalur Gaza.<ref>{{cite news | title=Israel: 10 percent of Hamas rockets misfired, landed in Gaza Strip | work=WorldTribune.com | date=30 July 2014 | accessdate=3 August 2014 | quote=But Palestinian sources said numerous rocket launches ended up falling in Gaza communities and that scores of people have been killed or injured.}}</ref>
 
Menurut wakil menteri luar negeri Israel, Tzachi Hanegbi, Israel memiliki bukti bahwa "sedikitnya 47% korban tewas adalah teroris beserta foto dan nama."<ref name="47%">{{cite web|last=Williams|first=Dan|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/08/02/us-mideast-gaza-casualties-idUSKBN0G20HF20140802|title=Israel says has evidence 47 percent of Gaza dead were combatants|publisher=Reuters|date=2 August 2014|accessdate=3 August 2014|archive-date=2014-08-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140802193459/http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/08/02/us-mideast-gaza-casualties-idUSKBN0G20HF20140802|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
 
==== Israel ====
{{further|Daftar serangan roket Palestina ke Israel 2014}}
Sejak konflik domulai, 64 tentara IDF tewas beserta dua warga sipil Israel dan seorang pekerja [[bangsa Thai|Thai]].<ref name="captured"/> Satu orang juga meninggal dunia karena alasan kesehtan akibat konflik ini.<ref name="elderly"/>
Baris 181 ⟶ 180:
Serangan roket dari Gaza merusak infrastruktur sipil Israel, termasuk pabrik, SPBU, dan rumah.<ref>[http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/.premium-1.604437 "Rocket caused massive damage to the gas station, and a fire has broken out"], ''Haaretz'', 12 July 2014.</ref> Menurut Magen David Adom, 123 orang luka-luka: 1 serius, 21 sedang sampai ringan, dan 101 akibat gelombang kejut.<ref name="HaaretzDay3">{{cite news|url=http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/1.604161|title=Operation Protective Edge, day 3|newspaper=Haaretz|date=10 July 2014|accessdate=10 July 2014}}</ref>
 
Korban tewas pertama dari pihak sipil Israel terjadi di perlintasan perbatasan Erez ketika seorang rabbi [[Chabad]] yang sedang mengirimkan makanan dan minuman ke garis depan<ref>{{cite web|last=Tait|first=Robert|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/israel/10969563/Israel-to-escalate-Gaza-military-offensive-after-first-citizen-killed.html|title=Israel to escalate Gaza military offensive after first citizen killed|work=Telegraph|accessdate=17 July 2014}}</ref> terkena serangan mortar.<ref name="jpost1">{{cite web|last=Lappin|first=Yaakov|url=http://www.jpost.com/Operation-Protective-Edge/Barrage-of-rockets-fired-from-Gaza-despite-Israels-acceptance-of-ceasefire-362839|title=First Israeli death of Gaza operation as mortar shell kills man at Erez Crossing|work=Jerusalem Post|date=15 July 2014|accessdate=17 July 2014}}</ref> Warga sipil Israel kedua yang tewas adalah orang [[Bedouin]] berusia 32 tahun, Ouda Lafi al-Waj, yang terkena roket di [[Gurun Negev]].<ref>[http://www.timesofisrael.com/negev-bedouin-defenseless-as-man-killed-4-injured-by-gaza-rocket "Bedouin 'defenseless' as man killed, 4 injured by Gaza rocket"], ''The Times of Israel''; accessed 22 July 2014.</ref> Seorang pekerja migran Thai juga tewas akibat mortar saat bekerja di rumah kaca di Ashkelon Coast Regional Council.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/world/2014-07/23/c_133505712.htm |title=Thai migrant worker killed in Israel by rocket from Gaza |publisher=News.xinhuanet.com |date=23 July 2014 |accessdate=4 August 2014}}</ref> Selain itu, seorang manula di Wadi Nisnas jatuh dan meninggal akibat gagal jantung saat sirene serangan udara berlangsung.<ref name="elderly">[http://www.timesofisrael.com/elderly-man-seriously-injured-in-rocket-hit-near-ashdod Israeli, 61, badly injured by rocket hit in Ashdod] BY JTA AND TIMES OF ISRAEL STAFF 11 July 2014</ref>
 
IDF menyatakan bahwa per 3 Agustus, sekitar 2.800 roket telah ditembakkan ke Israel sejak operasi dimulai.<ref name="withdrawal"/>
 
===== Klaim militer Hamas =====
Meski sejauh ini belum terbukti, Hamas melaporkan telah:
* Menewaskan 150 tentara IDF<ref>[http://www.presstv.com/detail/2014/08/01/373654/two-palestinians-shot-dead-in-west-bank// "Two Palestinian protesters shot dead in [[West Bank]]"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140806032718/http://www.presstv.com/detail/2014/08/01/373654/two%2Dpalestinians%2Dshot%2Ddead%2Din%2Dwest%2Dbank/ |date=2014-08-06 }}, [[Press TV]]; accessed 30 July 2014.</ref><ref>[http://www.presstv.com/detail/2014/07/28/373159/10-israeli-soldiers-killed-in-gaza/ "10 Israeli soldiers killed east of Shujaiyya"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140801145117/http://presstv.com/detail/2014/07/28/373159/10%2Disraeli%2Dsoldiers%2Dkilled%2Din%2Dgaza/ |date=2014-08-01 }}, [[Press TV]]; accessed 30 July 2014.</ref><ref>[http://www.aa.com.tr/en/gaza/365969--110-israeli-troops-killed-in-gaza-war-hamas "110 Israeli troops killed in Gaza war: Hamas"], [[Anadolu Agency]]; accessed 30 July 2014.</ref>
* Menembak jatuh satu pesawat F16<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://en.shafaqna.com/topnews/item/30430-israeli-f16-hit-by-surface-to-air-missile-over-gaza-hamas-claims.html |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2014-08-06 |archive-date=2015-01-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150114032923/http://en.shafaqna.com/topnews/item/30430-israeli-f16-hit-by-surface-to-air-missile-over-gaza-hamas-claims.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
* Menangkap seorang tentara<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=714871 |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2014-08-06 |archive-date=2014-11-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141119075955/http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=714871 |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
* Menerbangkan UAV di atas Tel Aviv dan mengambil foto markas IDF<ref>http://fortunascorner.com/2014/07/14/hamas-claims-multiple-uavs-launched-into-israel/</ref>
* Menghancurkan dua tank IDF<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://212.28.242.152/~emqw83im/essaydetails.php?eid=7393&cid=388#.U-B-cvmSyPs |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2014-08-06 |archive-date=2014-08-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140810153821/http://212.28.242.152/~emqw83im/essaydetails.php?eid=7393&cid=388#.U-B-cvmSyPs |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
 
== Reaksi ==
* {{flag|PBB}} – [[Sekretaris Jenderal PBB]] [[Ban Ki-Moon]] mengutuk serangan roket dari Gaza terhadap Israel dan menghimbau kedua belah pihak yang berkonflik agar menghentikan agresi mereka.<ref>[http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=48220#.U7w2nWJdXDg United Nations News Centre - Ban urges maximum restraint amid ‘dangerous escalation of violence’ in Gaza<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
 
* {{flag|Uni Eropa}} – Duta besar Uni Eropa untuk Israel, Lars Faaborg-Andersen, mengungkapkan bahwa "penembakan roket terhadap warga sipil bukanlah tindakan yang sah, tak peduli apapun alasannya".<ref>{{cite web | url=http://baltimorejewishlife.com/news/news-detail.php?SECTION_ID=37&ARTICLE_ID=50288 | title=Netanyahu: Gloves Are Off; Defiant Hamas Says It Won't Fold | accessdate=8 July 2014}}</ref>
* {{flag|Liga Arab}} – Perwakilan Liga Arab mengutuk serangan udara Israel terhadap Gaza dan meminta [[Dewan Keamanan PBB]] untuk menggelar pertemuan darurat dalam rangka menanggapi situasi terkini.<ref>[{{Cite web |url=http://voiceofrussia.com/news/2014_07_08/Arab-League-calls-on-urgent-UN-Security-Council-meeting-on-Gaza-4267/ |title=Arab League calls on urgent UN Security Council meeting on Gaza - News - World - The Voice of Russia: News, Breaking news, Politics, Economics, Business, Russia, International...<!-- Bot generated title -->] |access-date=2014-07-09 |archive-date=2014-07-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140709232128/http://voiceofrussia.com/news/2014_07_08/Arab-League-calls-on-urgent-UN-Security-Council-meeting-on-Gaza-4267/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref>▼
* {{flag|Amerika Serikat}} – [[Presiden Amerika Serikat|Presiden]] [[Barack Obama|Obama]] menghimbau kepada kedua belah pihak agar menahan diri. Ia menegaskan bahwa satu-satunya cara untuk mewujudkan perdamaian bukanlah melalui pertempuran, tetapi melalui perundingan dan saling memahami.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/wireStory/obama-urges-restraint-israel-palestinians-24460949 | title=Obama urges restraint israel-palestinians | accessdate=8 July 2014}}</ref> Juru bicara [[Gedung Putih]], [[Josh Earnest]], menyatakan "Tidak ada negara yang dapat menerima serangan roket yang ditujukan kepada warga sipil, dan kami mendukung hak Israel untuk mempertahankan diri dari serangan-serangan keji".<ref>[http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jul/08/israel-pounds-gaza-against-hamas Israel pounds Gaza with air and naval strikes in move against Hamas | World news | The Guardian<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>▼
* {{flag|PerancisPrancis}} – Menteri Luar Negeri PerancisPrancis menghimbau agar Israel dan Palestina saling menahan diri.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4539759,00.html | title=France on ‘Operation Protective Edge’: | accessdate=8 July 2014}}</ref>▼
 
=== SosialMedia mediasosial ===▼
▲* {{flag|Liga Arab}} – Perwakilan Liga Arab mengutuk serangan udara Israel terhadap Gaza dan meminta [[Dewan Keamanan PBB]] untuk menggelar pertemuan darurat dalam rangka menanggapi situasi terkini.<ref>[http://voiceofrussia.com/news/2014_07_08/Arab-League-calls-on-urgent-UN-Security-Council-meeting-on-Gaza-4267/ Arab League calls on urgent UN Security Council meeting on Gaza - News - World - The Voice of Russia: News, Breaking news, Politics, Economics, Business, Russia, International...<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
 
▲* {{flag|Amerika Serikat}} – [[Presiden Amerika Serikat|Presiden]] [[Barack Obama|Obama]] menghimbau kepada kedua belah pihak agar menahan diri. Ia menegaskan bahwa satu-satunya cara untuk mewujudkan perdamaian bukanlah melalui pertempuran, tetapi melalui perundingan dan saling memahami.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/wireStory/obama-urges-restraint-israel-palestinians-24460949 | title=Obama urges restraint israel-palestinians | accessdate=8 July 2014}}</ref> Juru bicara [[Gedung Putih]], [[Josh Earnest]], menyatakan "Tidak ada negara yang dapat menerima serangan roket yang ditujukan kepada warga sipil, dan kami mendukung hak Israel untuk mempertahankan diri dari serangan-serangan keji".<ref>[http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jul/08/israel-pounds-gaza-against-hamas Israel pounds Gaza with air and naval strikes in move against Hamas | World news | The Guardian<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
 
▲* {{flag|Perancis}} – Menteri Luar Negeri Perancis menghimbau agar Israel dan Palestina saling menahan diri.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4539759,00.html | title=France on ‘Operation Protective Edge’: | accessdate=8 July 2014}}</ref>
 
▲=== Sosial media ===
Delapan hari setelah dimulainya Operasi Perlindungan Perbatasan, tagar #GazaUnderAttack telah dikirimkan lebih dari 375.000 kali di [[Twitter]]. Seringkali tagar tersebut disertai dengan sebuah foto yang diklaim sebagai korban serangan Israel. Namun, [[BBC]] membuktikan bahwa foto-foto tersebut sama sekali tidak berkaitan dengan konflik yang terjadi. Beberapa foto merupakan foto-foto lama dari tahun 2009, dan yang lainnya berasal dari foto konflik Suriah dan Irak.<ref>{{cite web | url= http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4539651,00.html | title=As Israel strikes back, fake Gaza images dominate social media | accessdate=8 July 2014 | newspaper = Y net news}}</ref>
 
Sebuah laporan palsu beredar di [[media sosial]] dan [[SMS]], menyatakan bahwa "sebuah roket dari Gaza telah menghantam pabrik petrokimia di Haifa, kebakaran besar, kemungkinan telah terjadi kebocoran bahan kimia, dan pemerintah disarankan untuk mengevakuasi Haifa". Laporan ini mengutip ''[[Haaretz]]'' sebagai sumbernya, tetapi ternyata palsu. Tidak ada insiden semacam itu yang terjadi, dan ''Haaretz'' menyangkal kabar tersebut.<ref>http://www.timesofisrael.com/israel-pounds-gaza-targets-after-rocket-barrage-hits-as-far-north-as-hadera/#at_19:12</ref>
 
== Lihat pula ==
{{portal|2010-an|Konflik Arab–Israel|Peristiwa terkini}}
* [[Israel dalam tahun 2014]]
Baris 218 ⟶ 213:
* [[Peperangan terowongan Palestina di Jalur Gaza]]
 
== Referensi ==
{{reflist|2}}
 
== Pranala luar ==
{{commons category|Operation Protective Edge}}
* Timelines of the [http://www.idfblog.com/blog/2014/07/08/breaking-idf-commences-operation-protective-edge-against-hamas/ first] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140720114319/http://www.idfblog.com/blog/2014/07/08/breaking-idf-commences-operation-protective-edge-against-hamas/ |date=2014-07-20 }} and [http://www.idfblog.com/blog/2014/07/18/live-updates-ground-operation-gaza/ second] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140722015959/http://www.idfblog.com/blog/2014/07/18/live-updates-ground-operation-gaza/ |date=2014-07-22 }} phases of operation. [[Israel Defense Forces]]. Retrieved 23 July 2014.
* {{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2014/07/15/world/middleeast/toll-israel-gaza-conflict.html|title=The Toll in Gaza and Israel, Day by Day|work=[[The New York Times]]|accessdate=23 July 2014}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.jpost.com/SpecialReports2/Home.aspx|title=Operation Protective Edge|work=[[The Jerusalem Post]]|accessdate=23 July 2014}}
* {{cite web|url=http://live.aljazeera.com/Event/Gaza_Blog|title=Gaza Blog Live|publisher=[[Al Jazeera English]]|accessdate=23 July 2014}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-28252155|title=Gaza-Israel conflict: What is the fighting about?|publisher=[[BBC News Online]]|accessdate=23 July 2014}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.ochaopt.org/content.aspx?id=1010361|title=Gaza Crisis|publisher=[[United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs]]|accessdate=23 July 2014|archive-date=2015-07-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150725191044/http://www.ochaopt.org/content.aspx?id=1010361|dead-url=yes}}
* [http://blogs.channel4.com/world-news-blog/gaza-bloodshed-crisis-unfolded/27718 Channel-4 Israel-Gaza crisis 2014 story so far] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140731012003/http://blogs.channel4.com/world-news-blog/gaza-bloodshed-crisis-unfolded/27718 |date=2014-07-31 }}
 
{{Hamas}}
 
 
[[CategoryKategori:Israel dalam tahun 2014]]
[[CategoryKategori:Palestina dalam tahun 2014]]
[[CategoryKategori:Konflik dalam tahun 2014]]
[[CategoryKategori:Konflik Israel–Gaza ]]
[[Kategori:Konflikkonflik Israel-PalestinaIsrael–Palestina]]
Diperoleh dari "https://wiki-indonesia.club/wiki/Perang_Gaza_2014"