Maximilien de Robespierre: Perbedaan antara revisi

'''Maximilien François Marie Isidore de Robespierre''' ({{lahirmati||6|45|1758||28|7|1794}}) adalah pengacara dan politikus yang menjadi salah satu tokoh paling terkenal dan berpengaruh pada [[Revolusi PerancisPrancis]]. Ia mengendalikan [[Comité de Salut Public|Komite Keselamatan Publik]] ({{lang-fr|Comité de salut public}}) yang merupakan pemerintah ''de facto'' pada masa [[Pemerintahan Teror]] yang berakhir dengan penangkapan dan eksekusi Robespierre pada tahun [[1794]]. Ia dipengaruhi oleh para filsuf [[Abad Pencerahan]] seperti [[Jean-Jacques Rousseau]] dan [[Montesquieu]] dan merupakan juru bicara utama kaum [[borjuis]] [[sayap kiri]] pada saat itu.

* {{cite book | author=Baker, Keith Michael (ed.) | title=The Old Regime and the French Revolution | url=https://archive.org/details/oldregimefr00bake|location= Chicago | publisher=University of Chicago Press | year=1987 | isbn=0226069354}} Good summary that relies almost entirely on primary source documents with short summarizing essays that explain those documents

* {{cite book | author=[[Thomas Carlyle|Carlyle, Thomas]] | title=The French Revolution: A History, Volume III: The Guillotine | location=Cambridge, MA | publisher=IndyPublish.com | year=2002 | isbn=1404303987}} A [[Romanticism|Romantic]] account more useful for [[Historiography|historiographical]] studies than as accurate history

* {{cite book | author=Carr, John. | title=Robespierre: the force of circumstance | url=https://archive.org/details/robespierreforce0000carr|location=New York | publisher=St. Martin’s Press. | year=1972}}

* {{cite book | author=Doyle, William, Haydon, Colin (eds.) | title=Robespierre | location=Cambridge | publisher=Cambridge University Press | year=1999| isbn=0521591163}} A collection of essays covering not only Robespierre's thoughts and deeds but also the way he has been portrayed by historians and fictional writers alike.

** [httphttps://web.archive.org/web/20070609194601/http://www.lrb.co.uk/v22/n07/mant01_.html Reviewed] by [[Hilary Mantel]] in the ''London Review of Books'', Vol. 22, No. 7, March 30, 2000.

* {{cite book | author=Eagan, James Michael | title=Maximilien Robespierre: Nationalist Dictator | url=https://archive.org/details/maximilienrobesp0000eaga|location=New York | publisher=Octagon Books | year=1978 | isbn=0374924406}} Presents Robespierre as the origin of [[Fascism|Fascist]] dictators.

* {{cite book|author=Hampson, Norman|title=The Life and Opinions of Maximilien Robespierre | location=London|publisher=Duckworth|year=1974|isbn=0715607413}} Presents three contrasting views

* {{cite book | author=Jordan, David P. | title=The Revolutionary Career of Maximilien Robespierre | url=https://archive.org/details/revolutionarycar00jord|location=Chicago | publisher=University of Chicago Press | year=1989 | isbn=0226410374}} Sympathetic but not un-critical left-wing study

* [[Théodore Gosselin|Lenotre, G.]], ''Robespierre's Rise and Fall,'' London: Hutchinson & Co. (1927) Critical

* {{cite book | author=Matrat, Jean. | title=Robespierre: or the tyranny of the Majority | url=https://archive.org/details/robespierreortyr00matr|location=New York | publisher=Charles Scribner’s Sons | year=1971 | isbn=0-684-14055-1}}

* Linton, Marisa. [httphttps://web.archive.org/web/20070313181009/http://www.historytoday.com/dt_main_allatonce.asp?gid=31771&aid=&tgid=&amid=30232604&g31771=x&g31763=x&g30026=x&g20991=x&g21010=x&g19965=x&g19963=x "Robespierre and the Terror"], ''History Today'', August 2006, Volume 56, Issue 8, pp. 23–29

* {{cite book | author=[[R.R. Palmer|Palmer, R.R.]] | title=Twelve Who Ruled: The Year of Terror in the French Revolution | url=https://archive.org/details/twelvewhoruled0000unse|location=Princeton, NJ | publisher=Princeton University Press | year=1941 | isbn=0-691-05119-4}} A sympathetic study of the [[Committee of Public Safety]].

* {{cite book | author=[[George Rudé|Rudé, George]] | title=Robespierre: Portrait of a Revolutionary Democrat | location=New York | publisher=Viking Press | year=1976 | isbn=0670601284}} Sympathetic [[Marxism|Marxist]] analysis comparing him with [[Lenin]] and [[Mao]].

* {{cite book | authorlink=Simon Schama|last=Schama|first=Simon|title=Citizens: A Chronicle of the French Revolution | location=New York | publisher=Alfred A. Knopf | year=1989 | isbn=0394559487}} A revisionist account.

** [httphttps://web.archive.org/web/20070609051033/http://www.lrb.co.uk/v28/n08/print/mant01_.html Reviewed] by Hilary Mantel in the ''London Review of Books'', Vol. 28 No. 8, April 20, 2006.

** [http://web.archive.org/web/20070313180950/http://www.historytoday.com/dt_main_allatonce.asp?gid=31692&aid=&tgid=&amid=30231265&g31692=x&g31398=x&g30028=x&g20991=x&g21010=x&g19965=x&g19963=x Reviewed] by Marisa Linton in the [http://www.historytoday.com/ ''History Today'']{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070313180950/http://www.historytoday.com/dt_main_allatonce.asp?gid=31692&aid=&tgid=&amid=30231265&g31692=x&g31398=x&g30028=x&g20991=x&g21010=x&g19965=x&g19963=x |date=2007-03-13 }}, June 2006, Volume 56, Issue 6, pp. 66–66.

* {{cite book | author=Thompson, James M. | title=Robespierre | url=https://archive.org/details/robespierre0000thom|location=Oxford | publisher=Blackwell Publishers | year=1988 | isbn=0-631-15504-X}} Traditional biography with extensive and reliable research.

* {{cite book | author=Tucker, Florence. | title=999 Little Known Facts | location=Oxford | publisher=Jonathan and Associates | year=2005 | isbn=0-631-15504-X}}

* [http://www.mtholyoke.edu/courses/rschwart/hist255/kat_anna/robespierre.html The French Revolution, Robespierre] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100117164526/http://www.mtholyoke.edu/courses/rschwart/hist255/kat_anna/robespierre.html |date=2010-01-17 }}

* [http://www.zeinalov.com/htm/e/bell/robespierre02.htm Maximilien Robespierre - bronze miniature by Igor Zeinalov] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101124224923/http://www.zeinalov.com/htm/e/bell/robespierre02.htm |date=2010-11-24 }}

* [http://www.city-journal.org/html/16_2_urbanities-robespierre.html Why Robespierre Chose Terror] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110103204910/http://www.city-journal.org/html/16_2_urbanities-robespierre.html |date=2011-01-03 }} by John Kekes. [[City Journal (New York)|City Journal]], Spring 2006.

* [http://www.robespierre.org.uk Robespierre.org.uk] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100725055217/http://www.robespierre.org.uk/ |date=2010-07-25 }}

* [http://www.galichon.com/genealogie/html/celebre/robes/index.php Family tree (back to the 18th generation)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060127090226/http://www.galichon.com/genealogie/html/celebre/robes/index.php |date=2006-01-27 }} ([http://archiver.rootsweb.ancestry.com/th/read/GEN-FF/1999-06/0928841191 also here])

* [http://www.rondelot.com/spip.php?rubrique1 A.M.R.I.D (Association Maximilien Robespierre pour l'Idéal Démocratique)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090910014646/http://www.rondelot.com/spip.php?rubrique1 |date=2009-09-10 }}(in French)

[[Kategori:TokohRevolusi PerancisPrancis]]