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Baris 1:
'''Okurigana''' (送り仮名, secara harfiah "huruf yang menyertai") adalah akhiran [[kana]] di belakang akar [[kanji]] pada [[bahasa Jepang]]. ''Okurigana'' digunakan untuk menunjukkan bacaan ''kanji'' yang diinginkan. ''Okurigana'' juga dipakai untuk menuliskan [[infleksi]] (misal infleksi bentuk negatif). Pada penggunaan modern, ''okurigana'' hampir selalu ditulis dengan [[hiragana]]. [[Katakana]] dulunya juga umum digunakan untuk ''okurigana''.
 
== Disambiguasi kanji ==
 
''Okurigana'' digunakan untuk menunjukkan cara membaca [[kanji]] yang memiliki banyak bacaan. Karena suatu ''kanji'', terutama yang paling umum, bisa digunakan untuk banyak kata, ''okurigana'' yang ditulis setelah ''kanji'' membantu pembaca untuk mengetahui kata yang dimaksud.
Baris 7:
Contoh pada kanji 上 (atas):
 
; 上がる (agaru) : "memanjat/menyelesaikan", 上 dibaca "a"
; 上る (noboru) : "memanjat/naik", 上 dibaca "nobo"
 
Contoh pada kanji 下 (bawah):
 
; 下さる (kudasaru) : "memberi", 下 dibaca "kuda"
; 下りる (oriru) : "turun", 下 dibaca "o"
 
== Infleksi ==
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[[Adjektiva]] di bahasa Jepang menggunakan ''okurigana'' untuk memuat berbagai informasi [[tata bahasa]]. Berikut diberikan contohnya untuk ''kanji'' 長 (panjang):
Another example includes a common verb with different meanings based on the ''okurigana'':▼
 
; 長い (nagai): Panjang (bentuk positif)
; 話す (hanasu) : "to speak/to talk". Example: ちゃんと話す方がいい。(chanto hanasu hou ga ii), meaning "It's better if you speak correctly."▼
; 長くない (nagakunai): Tidak panjang (bentuk negatif)
; 話し (hanashi) : noun form of the verb hanasu, "to speak". Example: 話し言葉と書き言葉 (hanashi kotoba to kaki kotoba), meaning "spoken words and written words".▼
; 長かった (nagakatta): Dulu panjang (bentuk positif, lampau)
; 話 (hanashi) : noun, meaning "a story" or "a talk". Example: 話はいかが？ (hanashi wa ikaga?), meaning "How about a story?"▼
; 長くなかった (nagakunakatta): Dulu tidak panjang (bentuk negatif, lampau)
 
[[Verba]] mengikuti pola yang sama. Arti dasarnya ditulis menggunakan ''kanji'' dan infleksinya ditulis menggunakan ''okurigana''. Inilah contohnya untuk kanji 食 (makan):
While the [[Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (Japan)|Japanese Ministry of Education]] prescribes rules on how to use ''okurigana'', in practice there is much variation, particularly in older texts and online. As an example, the standard spelling of the word "kuregata" is 暮れ方, but it will sometimes be seen as 暮方.
 
; 食べる (taberu): Makan (bentuk positif)
==Inflection examples==▼
; 食べない (tabenai): Tidak makan (bentuk negatif)
; 食べた (tabeta): Telah makan/dulu (kemarin, tadi pagi, dsb.) makan (bentuk positif, lampau)
; 食べなかった (tabenakatta): Belum makan/dulu (kemarin, tadi pagi, dsb.) tidak makan (bentuk negatif, lampau)
 
== Aturan ==
[[Adjective]]s in Japanese use ''okurigana'' to indicate [[Grammatical_aspect|aspect]] and affirmation/negation, with all adjectives using the same pattern of suffixes for each case. A simple example uses the character "高" (high) to express the four basic cases of a Japanese adjective. The root meaning of the word is expressed via the ''kanji'' ("高", read ''taka'' and meaning "high" in each of these cases), but crucial information (negation and aspect) can only be understood by reading the ''okurigana'' following the kanji stem.
 
Walaupun Departemen Pendidikan Jepang menuliskan aturan penggunaan ''okurigana'', banyak variasi yang digunakan terutama di tulisan lama dan dunia maya. Sebagai contoh, cara standar menulis "kuregata" (malam) adalah 暮れ方 namun bentuk variannya 暮方 juga bisa ditemukan.
; 高い (takai) : High (positive, imperfective), meaning "[It is] expensive" or "[It is] high"
; 高かった (takakatta) : High (positive, perfective), meaning "[It was] expensive/high"
; 高くない (takakunai) : High (negative, imperfective), meaning "[It is not] expensive/high"▼
; 高くなかった (takakunakatta) : High (negative, perfective), meaning "[It was not] expensive/high"
 
▲<!--
Japanese [[verb|verbs]] follow a similar pattern; the root meaning is generally expressed by using one or more ''kanji'' at the start of the word, and then aspect, negation, [[Japanese_language#Politeness|grammatical politeness]], and other language features are expressed by following ''okurigana''.
 
dari wp-en yang belum diterjemahkan:
; 食べる (taberu) : To eat (positive, imperfective, direct politeness), meaning "[I/you/etc.] eat"▼
; 食べない (tabenai) : To eat (negative, imperfective, direct), meaning "[I/you/etc.] do not eat"
; 食べた (tabeta) : To eat (positive, perfective, direct), meaning "[I/you/etc.] ate/have eaten"▼
; 食べなかった (tabenakatta) : To eat (negative, perfective, direct), meaning "[I/you/etc.] did not eat/have not eaten"▼
 
▲Another example includes a common verb with different meanings based on the ''okurigana'':
Compare the direct polite verb forms to their distant forms, which follow a similar pattern, but whose meaning indicates more distance between the speaker and the listener:▼
 
▲; 話す (hanasu) : "to speak/to talk". Example: ちゃんと話す方がいい。(chanto hanasu hou ga ii), meaning "It's better if you speak correctly."
; 食べます (tabemasu) : To eat (positive, imperfective, distant politeness), meaning "[My group/your group] eats"
▲; 話し (hanashi) : noun form of the verb hanasu, "to speak". Example: 話し言葉と書き言葉 (hanashi kotoba to kaki kotoba), meaning "spoken words and written words".
; 食べません (tabemasen) : To eat (negative, imperfective, distant), meaning "[My group/your group] does not eat"
▲; 話 (hanashi) : noun, meaning "a story" or "a talk". Example: 話はいかが？ (hanashi wa ikaga?), meaning "How about a story?"
; 食べました (tabemashita) : To eat (positive, perfective, distant), meaning "[My group/your group] ate/has eaten"
; 食べませんでした (tabemasen deshita) : To eat (negative, perfective, distant), meaning "[My group/your group] did not eat/has not eaten"
 
▲==Inflection examples==
 
▲Compare the direct polite verb forms to their distant forms, which follow a similar pattern, but whose meaning indicates more distance between the speaker and the listener:
 
▲; 食べるます (taberutabemasu) : To eat (positive, imperfective, directdistant politeness), meaning "[IMy group/you/etc.your group] eateats"
[[category:Kana]]
▲; 高くない食べません (takakunaitabemasen) : HighTo eat (negative, imperfective, distant), meaning "[ItMy isgroup/your notgroup] expensive/highdoes not eat"
[[category:Japanese writing system]]
▲; 食べました (tabetatabemashita) : To eat (positive, perfective, directdistant), meaning "[IMy group/you/etc.your group] ate/havehas eaten"
▲; 食べなかっませんでした (tabenakatta)tabemasen deshita): To eat (negative, perfective, directdistant), meaning "[IMy group/you/etc.your group] did not eat/havehas not eaten"
 
-->
 
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[[Kategori:Bahasa Jepang]]
{{bahasa Jepang}}
 
[[caKategori:OkuriganaAksara kana]]
[[de:Okurigana]]
[[en:Okurigana]]
[[es:Okurigana]]
[[fr:Okurigana]]
[[gl:Okurigana]]
[[he:אוקוריגאנה]]
[[ja:送りがな]]
[[ru:Окуригана]]
[[su:Okurigana]]
[[uk:Окуріґана]]
[[zh:送假名]]
Diperoleh dari "https://wiki-indonesia.club/wiki/Okurigana"