Linde (pohon): Perbedaan antara revisi
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
JohnThorne (bicara | kontrib) Tidak ada ringkasan suntingan |
k →top: tanpa takson -> klad + clean up |
||
| (19 revisi perantara oleh 9 pengguna tidak ditampilkan) | |||
Baris 1:
{{
| color = {{tc2|tumbuhan}}
|image = Tilia tomentosa.jpg
|image_caption = ''[[Tilia tomentosa]]'', dibiakkan pada [[:en:Morton Arboretum|Morton Arboretum]] dekat [[Chicago]]
|regnum = [[Plantae]]
{{kladtb|[[Tumbuhan berpembuluh|Tracheophyta]]}}
{{kladtb|[[Tumbuhan berbunga|Angiospermae]]}}
{{kladtb|[[Eudikotil]]}}
{{kladtb|[[Rosid]]}}
|ordo = [[Malvales]]
|familia = [[Malvaceae]]
Baris 14 ⟶ 16:
|subdivision = Sekitar 30
}}
'''''Tilia''''' ,'''linde''' atau '''namdar''' merupakan suatu [[genus]] yang terdiri dari kira-kira 30 [[spesies]] pohon [[:en:native plant|asli]] di hampir seluruh wilayah [[Belahan Utara]] [[:en:temperateness|bersuhu sedang]]. [[:en:Common name|Nama umumnya]] '''lime tree''' di kepulauan Britania (''British Isles''), meskipun tumbuhan ini bukan kerabat dekat [[:en:Lime (fruit)|buah lime (jeruk pecel)]]. Nama lain adalah pohon '''linden''' dan '''basswood'''. Genus ini dijumpai di Eropa dan Amerika Utara bagian timur, tetapi keragaman spesies terbesar terdapat di [[Asia]]. Menurut [[:en:Cronquist system|sistem klasifikasi Cronquist]], genus ini ditempatkan dalam [[familia]] [[Tiliaceae]], tetapi riset genetika yang diikhtisarkan oleh [[:en:Angiosperm Phylogeny Group|Angiosperm Phylogeny Group]] menghasilkan penggolongan genus ini ke dalam [[familia]] [[Malvaceae]].
Kebanyakan spesies
== Nama ==
<!--"Lime" is an altered form of Middle English ''lind'', in the 16th century also ''line'', from Old English feminine ''lind'' or ''linde'', [[Proto-Germanic]] ''*lendā'', cognate to Latin ''lentus'' "flexible" and Sanskrit ''latā'' "[[liana]]". Within [[Germanic languages]], English "lithe", German ''lind'' "lenient, yielding" are from the same root.
Baris 28 ⟶ 30:
[[Nama Latin]] ''tilia'' merupakan kognasi dari kata [[bahasa Yunani]] πτελέᾱ, ''ptelea'', "[[:en:elm tree|pohon elm]]", τιλίαι, ''tiliai'', "[[:en:black poplar|poplar hitam]]" ([[Hesychius of Alexandria|Hes.]]), awalnya dari suatu kata [[:en:Proto-Indo-European language|Proto-Indo-European]] ''*ptel-ei̯ā'' yang bermakna "lebar" (feminin); mungkin dalam artian "berdaun lebar" atau mirip dengan itu.<ref>[[IEW]]</ref>
== Pemerian ==
[[
[[
Batang
|url =https://archive.org/details/ournativetreesa02keelgoog
|year
| |pages =[https://archive.org/details/ournativetreesa02keelgoog/page/n51 24]–31 }}</ref>
<!--
The leaves of all the ''Tilia'' species are heart-shaped and most are asymmetrical, and the tiny fruit, looking like [[pea]]s, always hang attached to a ribbon-like, greenish-yellow [[bract]], whose use seems to be to launch the ripened seed-clusters just a little beyond the parent tree. The flowers of the European and American ''Tilia'' species are similar, except the American bears a petal-like scale among its stamens and the European varieties are devoid of these appendages. All of the ''Tilia'' species may be propagated by cuttings and grafting, as well as by seed. They grow rapidly in rich soil, but are subject to the attack of many insects. ''Tilia'' is notoriously difficult to propagate from seed unless collected fresh in the fall. If allowed to dry, the seeds will go into a deep dormancy and take 18 months to germinate.<ref name=Keeler />
Baris 52 ⟶ 55:
== Sejarah ==
{{About||cultural significance|Lime tree in culture}}
[[
Di Eropa, sejumlah pohon
* Keunggulan madu dari [[Hyblaean Mountains]] yang terkenal luas<ref name=eb>{{cite web |url=http://www.libraryindex.com/encyclopedia/pages/cpxldaulh1/honey-bees-flowers-sugar.html |title=Honey |work=9th Edition of Encyclopedia Britannica |quote=…honey most esteemed by the ancients was that of Mount Hybla in Sicily… |accessdate=November 22, 2011}}</ref> disebabkan oleh pohon linden yang menutupi sisi-sisinya dan memahkotai puncaknya.
* Fosil tumbuhan ini telah ditemukan pada [[:en:Tertiary|lapisan formasi ''Tertiary'']] di [[:en:Grinnell Land|Grinnell Land]], [[Kanada]], pada garis 82° lintang utara, dan di [[Spitzbergen]], [[Norwegia]]. Sapporta meyakini bahwa yang ditemukannya di sana adalah leluhur bersama dari spesies ''Tilia'' di Eropa dan Amerika.<ref name=Keeler />
<!--
==
Pohon linden dihargai sebagai [[tanaman hias]] bilamana diinginkan adanya dedaunan lebat atau kerindangan.<ref name=Keeler /> Pohon ini menghasilkan bau sedap dan bunga penghasil nektar, obat-obatan/jamu, antara lain "''lime blossom''" ([[bahasa Ibrani]]: ''tirzah''). Merupakan tanaman yang penting bagi peternak lebah madu karena menghasilkan madu bunga tunggal yang berwarna pucat tapi kaya dengan rasa. Bunganya juga digunakan untuk membuat teh obat serta larutan tinktur. Penggunaan ini terutama populer di Eropa dan juga digunakan pada praktik pengobatan dengan ramuan tradisional di Amerika Utara.
<!--
===
[[
The [[timber]] of linden trees is soft and easily worked; it has very little [[wood grain|grain]] and a density of 560 kg per cubic metre.<ref>[http://www.nichetimbers.co.uk/european-hardwood/lime/ Lime timber]. Niche Timbers. Accessed 19-08-2009.</ref> During the [[Viking era]], it was often used for constructing shields. It is a popular wood for model building and intricate carving. Especially in Germany, it was the classic wood for [[sculpture]] from the Middle Ages onwards and is the material for the elaborate [[altarpiece]]s of [[Veit Stoss]], [[Tilman Riemenschneider]], and many others. In England, it was the favoured medium of the sculptor [[Grinling Gibbons]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hrp.org.uk/HamptonCourtPalace/GrinlingGibbons |title=Hampton Court Palace: Grinling Gibbons |publisher=Hrp.org.uk |accessdate=2012-07-06}}</ref> The wood is used in [[marionette]], [[puppet]] making and carving. Having a fine light grain and being comparatively light in weight, it has been used for centuries for this purpose despite modern alternatives being available, and is still one of the main materials used today.
Baris 70 ⟶ 73:
It is also the wood of choice for window blinds and shutters. Real wood blinds are often made from this lightweight but strong and stable wood, which is well suited to natural and stained finishes.
===
It is known in the trade as basswood, particularly in North America. This name originates from the inner fibrous bark of the tree, known as ''bast''. A strong<ref>{{cite book|last=Kallio|first=Edwin|title=American Basswood... an American Wood|year=1973|publisher=US Forest Service|page=5|author2=Richard M. Godman }}</ref> [[fibre]] is obtained from this by peeling off the bark and soaking it in water for a month, after which the inner fibres can be easily separated. Bast obtained from the inside of the bark of the ''Tilia'' tree has been used by the [[Ainu people]] of Japan to weave their traditional clothing, the ''attus''. Similar fibres obtained from other plants are also called bast: see [[Bast fibre]].
===
Most medicinal research has focused on ''[[Tilia cordata]]'', {{citation needed|date=October 2012}} although other species are also used medicinally and somewhat interchangeably. The dried flowers are mildly sweet and sticky, and the fruit is somewhat sweet and mucilaginous. Limeflower tea has a pleasing taste, due to the aromatic volatile oil found in the flowers. The flowers, leaves, wood, and charcoal (obtained from the wood) are used for medicinal purposes. Active ingredients in the ''Tilia'' flowers include [[flavonoids]] (which act as [[antioxidant]]s) and volatile oils. The plant also contains tannins that can act as an astringent.<ref name=bradley>Bradley P., ed. (1992). British Herbal Compendium. Vol. 1: 142–144. British Herbal Medicine Association, Dorset (Great Britain)</ref>
Baris 80 ⟶ 83:
Usually, the double-flowered species are used to make perfumes. The leaf buds and young leaves are also edible raw. ''Tilia'' species are used as food plants by the [[larva]]e of some [[Lepidoptera]]; see [[List of Lepidoptera that feed on Tilia|List of Lepidoptera that feed on ''Tilia'']].
-->
== Taksonomi ==
Daftar berikut meliputi tumbuhan yang paling umum diterima tergolong genus ini, termasuk spesies, hibrid, dan ''cultivar''.
[[
[[
[[
=== Spesies ===
* ''[[Tilia americana]]'' <small>[[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]</small> – Basswood, American Linden
* ''[[Tilia amurensis]]'' <small></small> – Amur Lime, Amur Linden
Baris 118 ⟶ 121:
* ''[[Tilia tuan]]''
=== Hibrid dan ''cultivar'' ===
* ''[[Tilia × euchlora]]'' (''T. dasystyla × T. cordata'')
* ''[[Tilia × europaea]]'' – Common Lime (''T. cordata × T. platyphyllos''; syn. ''T. × vulgaris'')
Baris 127 ⟶ 130:
* ''Tilia'' 'Spectabilis' (hybrid, unknown origin)
== Galeri ==
<gallery heights=" 188px" widths="154px" perrow="4" caption="">
File:AmericanBasswood.JPG|''[[Tilia americana]]''
Baris 143 ⟶ 146:
</gallery>
== Lihat pula ==
* [[International World War Peace Tree]], a ''Tilia'' tree that stands as a sign of [[November 11, 1918|Germany's alliance]] with the United States
* [[St Lawrence Lime]], a former lime tree in Canterbury, England
Baris 158 ⟶ 161:
* {{cite web|last=Eichhorn|first=Markus|title=Lime Trees and Bees|url=http://www.test-tube.org.uk/trees/video_lime.htm|work=Test Tube|publisher=[[Brady Haran]] for the [[University of Nottingham]]|date=January 2012}}
{{Woodworking}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q127849}}
[[Kategori:Tilia| ]]
[[Kategori:
[[Kategori:Malvaceae]]
| |||