Orang Afganistan: Perbedaan antara revisi
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{{Infobox ethnic group
| group = Orang Afganistan
| image =<br>Suku-suku Afghan<br>[[Berkas:Afghans at Ghazi Stadium in 2011.jpg|220px]]<br>Kumpulan orang-orang Afghan pada 2011
| caption =
| native_name =
| poptime =
| region1 = {{flag|Iran}}
| pop1 = c. 5 million (2023)
| languages = [[Pashto]], [[Dari]] dan [[Bahasa di Afghanistan|lainnya]]
| religions = Mayoritas [[Islam Sunni]] dengan minoritas [[Islam Syiah]], [[Sikhisme]], [[Hinduisme]], [[Kekristenan]], dan [[Yudaisme]]
|pop_embed=38.9 juta (sensus 2021)|regions={{flagcountry|Afganistan}}|region2={{flag|Pakistan}}|pop2=1,285,754 (2022)|region3={{flag|Germany}}|pop3=425,000 (2022)|region4={{flag|United States}}|pop4=300,000 (2022)|region5={{flag|United Arab Emirates}}|pop5=300,000 (2023)|region6={{flag|Russia}}|pop6=150,000 (2017)|region7={{flag|Turkey}}|pop7=129,323 (2021)|region8={{flag|Canada}}|pop8=125,305 (2022)|region9={{flag|Sweden}}|pop9=82,676 (2022)|region10={{flag|Australia}}|pop10=79,000 (2019)|region11={{flag|Netherlands}}|pop11=59,797 (2021)|region12={{flag|France}}|pop12=41,174 (2021)|region13={{flag|South Korea}}|pop13=30,389|region14={{flag|Belgium}}|pop14=26,000|region15={{flag|Norway}}|pop15=24,823 (2022)|region16={{flag|Greece}}|pop16=21,456 (2021)|region17={{flag|Ukraine}}|pop17=20,000 (2001)|region18={{flag|Turkmenistan}}|pop18=18,997|region19={{flag|Denmark}}|pop19=18,018 (2017)|region20={{flag|India}}|pop20=15,806 (2021)|region21={{flag|Austria}}|pop21=15,000 (2018)|region22={{flag|Switzerland}}|pop22=14,523 (2021)|region23={{flag|Finland}}|pop23=12,044 (2021)|region24={{flag|Italy}}|region25={{flag|Uzbekistan}}|pop24=11,121-12,096 (2021)|pop25=10,000 (2022)|region26={{flag|Israel}}|pop26=10,000 (2012)|region27={{flag|Indonesia}}|pop27=7,629 (2021)|region28={{flag|Tajikistan}}|pop28=6,775 (2021)|region29={{flag|Qatar}}|pop29=4,000 (2012)|region30={{flag|Japan}}|pop30=3,509 (2020)|region31={{flag|New Zealand}}|pop31=3,414 (2013)|pop32=3,000 - 4,000 (2022)|region32={{flag|Brazil}}|region33={{flag|Malaysia}}|pop33=2,661 (2021)|region34={{flag|Kazakhstan}}|pop34=2,500+ (2021)|region35={{flag|Romania}}|pop35=2,384 (2020)|region36={{flag|Kyrgyzstan}}|pop36=2,000 (2002)|region37={{flag|Ireland}}|pop37=1,200 (2019)|region38={{flag|Portugal}}|pop38=883|region39={{flag|Ecuador}}|pop39=300–2,500 (2018)}}
[[Berkas:Map of the Afghan Diaspora in the World.svg|jmpl|Populasi [[diaspora Afganistan]] di seluruh dunia.]]
'''Orang Afganistan''' ({{lang-ps|افغانان|translit=afghanan}}, {{lang-prs|افغان ها|translit=afghānhā}}) adalah warga negara Afganistan, atau orang-orang yang berketurunan dari sana.<ref>{{Cite book|author =Garner, Bryan |year=2009 |title=Garner's Modern American Usage |edition=third|location=New York |publisher=Oxford University Press |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=FwmQpyibKkAC&pg=PA27 27] |isbn=978-0-19-538275-4}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|author1=Siegal, Allan M. |author2=Connolly, William |year=2015 |title=The New York Times Manual of Style and Usage |edition=fifth |location=New York |publisher=Crown Publishing Group |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=o2E5BgAAQBAJ&pg=PT18 18] |isbn=978-1-336-02484-7}}</ref> Secara bersamaan, istilah "Afghan" dapat merujuk pada seseorang atau sesuatu dari negara itu.<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/us/definition/english/afghan |title=Afghan (noun) definition and synonyms {{!}} Oxford Dictionary|website= www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com|language=en|access-date=28 Desember 2020}}</ref> Afghanistan terdiri dari berbagai etnis, di mana [[Pashtun]], [[Tajik]], [[Hazara]], dan Uzbek adalah yang terbesar; negara pra-bangsa, sejarah etnik Afghan digunakan untuk merujuk pada anggota suku Pashtun, etnis yang secara tradisional tinggal di wilayah perbatasan Afghanistan-Pakistan modern. Karena sifat politik negara yang berubah, istilah "Afghan" telah bergeser menjadi identitas nasional orang-orang dari Afghanistan dari semua etnis.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://www.economist.com/johnson/2011/09/21/ask-johnson-afghans-afghanis-afghanistanis|title=Ask Johnson: Afghans, Afghanis, Afghanistanis|date=21 September, 2011|via=The Economist}}</ref><ref name="Kieffer">{{cite web |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/afgan-in-current-political-usage-any-citizen-of-afghanistan-whatever-his-ethnic-tribal-or-religious-affiliation |title=Afghan |first=Ch. M. |last=Kieffer |publisher=[[Encyclopædia Iranica]] |quote=From a more limited, ethnological point of view, "Afḡān" is the term by which the Persian-speakers of Afghanistan (and the non-Paṧtō-speaking ethnic groups generally) designate the Paṧtūn. The equation Afghans = Paṧtūn has been propagated all the more, both in and beyond Afghanistan, because the Paṧtūn tribal confederation is by far the most important in the country, numerically and politically. |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131116233835/http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/afgan-in-current-political-usage-any-citizen-of-afghanistan-whatever-his-ethnic-tribal-or-religious-affiliation |archive-date=16 November 2013}}</ref><ref name="ABCBBCARD">{{cite web |url=https://abcnews.go.com/images/PollingUnit/1083a1Afghanistan2009.pdf |title=ABC NEWS/BBC/ARD poll – Afghanistan: Where Things Stand |pages=38–40 |work=ABC News |location=Kabul, Afghanistan |access-date=29 Oktober 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110628130800/https://abcnews.go.com/images/PollingUnit/1083a1Afghanistan2009.pdf |archive-date=28 Juni 2011}}</ref> Dua bahasa utama yang digunakan oleh orang Afghanistan adalah [[Bahasa Pashto|Pashto]] dan [[Bahasa Dari|Dari]], dan banyak juga yang [[bilingual]].<ref>{{cite web|title=The Constitution of Afghanistan|url=https://www.mfa.gov.af/constitution/chapter-one-state.html|access-date=2 September 2020|website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan|archive-date=2021-08-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210829115048/https://www.mfa.gov.af/constitution/chapter-one-state.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref name="AO">{{cite web|year=2004|title=Article Sixteen of the 2004 Constitution of Afghanistan|url=http://www.afghan-web.com/politics/current_constitution.html#preamble|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131028065437/http://www.afghan-web.com/politics/current_constitution.html|archive-date=28 October 2013|access-date=13 Juni 2012|quote=Pashto and Dari are the official languages of the state. Uzbek, Turkmen, Baluchi, Pashai, Nuristani and Pamiri are – in addition to Pashto and Dari – the third official language in areas where the majority speaks them}}</ref>
== Kelompok etnis ==
[[Berkas:Afghanistan Ethnolinguistic Groups 1982.jpg|jmpl|Kelompok etnolinguistik di Afghanistan dan sekitarnya (1982)]]
{{main|Kelompok etnis di Afganistan}}
Orang Afghanistan berasal dari berbagai latar belakang etnis. Orang Pashtun membentuk pluralitas populasi, sementara orang-orang Tajik, Hazara, dan Uzbek adalah yang terbesar berikutnya dan keempatnya membentuk hampir 90% populasi. Mereka berasal dari beragam wilayah, termasuk akar etnolinguistik [[Bangsa Persia|Iran]], [[Bangsa Mongol|Mongol]] dan [[Bangsa Turki|Turki]].<ref>{{Cite journal|title=The Arbiters of Afghanistan|author=Anatol Lieven|journal=The National Interest|year=2016|issue=145|pages=28–36|publisher=Center for the National Interest|jstor=26557334|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26557334}}</ref>
== Agama ==
{{main|Agama di Afganistan}}
Secara tradisional, orang-orang Afghan dari semua etnis adalah pengikut Islam, yang sebagian besar adalah dari cabang [[Islam Sunni|Sunni]]. Minoritas agama lainnya termasuk Hindu-Afganistan, Sikh-Afghanistan, Kristen-Afghanistan dan Yahudi-Afghanistan.
== Budaya ==
{{main|Budaya Afganistan}}
== Lihat juga ==
*[[Demografi Afganistan]]
*[[Diaspora Afganistan]]
== Bacaan lanjutan ==
* {{Encyclopaedia Islamica|last1=Fikrat|first1=Mohammad Asef|last2=Umar|first2=Suheyl|title=Afghan|url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-islamica/afghan-COM_0185?s.num=22&s.f.s2_parent=s.f.book.encyclopaedia-islamica&s.start=20&s.q=tabrizi|year=2008}}
== Referensi ==
{{reflist}}
== Pranala luar ==
{{Commons category|People of Afghanistan}}
*[http://www.hotrecentnews.com/en/tag/afghan Berita tentang Afghan]
[[Kategori:Tokoh Afganistan]]
[[Kategori:Eksonim]]
{{Afganistan-stub}}
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