Alexander von Humboldt: Perbedaan antara revisi
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{{Infobox scientist|name=Alexander von Humboldt|image=Stieler, Joseph Karl - Alexander von Humboldt - 1843.jpg|image_size=|caption=Lukisan Alexander von Humboldt oleh Joseph Karl Stieler (1843)|birth_date=14 September 1769|birth_place=[[Berlin]], [[Prusia|Kerajaan Prusia]], [[Kekaisaran Romawi Suci]]|death_date={{Death date and age|1859|5|6|1769|9|14|df=yes}}|death_place=[[Berlin]], [[Prusia]], [[Konfederasi Jerman]]|resting_place=[[Schloss Tegel]]|nationality=Jerman<!--Prussia was a German state culturally speaking and one which lead to the formation of the German nation-state.-->|alma_mater=[[Universitas Pertambangan dan Teknologi Freiberg|Sekolah Pertambangan Freiberg]] ([[diploma]], 1792)<br/>[[Viadrina European University|Universitas Frankfurt (Oder)]] (tanpa gelar)<br/>[[Universitas Göttingen]] (tanpa gelar)<br/>[[Universitas Humboldt Berlin]]{{sfn|Rupke|2008|p=116}} (tanpa gelar)|field=[[Geografi]]|known_for=[[Biogeografi]], ''[[Kosmos (Humboldt)|Kosmos]]'' (1845–1862), [[Arus Humboldt]], [[Badai geomagnetik]], [[Ilmu sains Humboldt]], [[Romantisisme Berlin]]<ref>Helmut Thielicke, ''Modern Faith and Thought'', William B. Eerdmans Publishing, 1990, p. 174.</ref>|academic_advisors=Markus Herz, Carl Ludwig Willdenow, Abraham Gottlob Werner|notable_students=[[Louis Agassiz]]{{sfn|Rupke|2008|p=54}}|influences=[[Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling]]{{sfn|Rupke|2008|p=116}}<ref>Humboldt attended Schelling's lectures at the [[Humboldt University of Berlin|University of Berlin]] (Schelling taught there 1841–1845), but never accepted his [[natural philosophy]] (see [https://web.archive.org/web/20131104230106/http://www.egs.edu/library/friedrich-wilhelm-joseph-schelling/biography/ "Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling—Biography"] at [[European Graduate School|egs.edu]], Lara Ostaric, ''Interpreting Schelling: Critical Essays'', Cambridge University Press, 2014, p. 218, and {{harvnb|Rupke|2008|p=116}}).</ref>|influenced=[[Charles Darwin|Darwin]], [[Alfred Russel Wallace|Wallace]], [[Henry David Thoreau|Thoreau]], [[Walt Whitman|Whitman]], [[Ralph Waldo Emerson|Emerson]], [[John Muir|Muir]], [[Washington Irving|Irving]], [[Ida Laura Pfeiffer]], [[Frederic Edwin Church]], [[Ernst Haeckel]], [[George Perkins Marsh]]|prizes=[[Medali Copley]] (1852)|signature=Alexander von Humboldt signature.svg}}
'''Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich Alexander von Humboldt''' (14 September 1769{{Spaced ndash}}6 Mei 1859) adalah seorang [[Polimatik|polymath]] [[Bangsa Jerman|Jerman]], ahli [[Ahli geografi|geografi]], [[Sejarah alam|naturalis]], [[Daftar penjelajah|penjelajah]], dan pendukung filsafat and ilmu sains [[Romantisisme]].<ref>Malcolm Nicolson, "Alexander von Humboldt and the Geography of Vegetation", in: A. Cunningham and N. Jardine (eds.), ''Romanticism and the Sciences'', Cambridge University Press, 1990, pp. 169–188; Michael Dettelbach, "Romanticism and Resistance: Humboldt and "German" Natural Philosophy in Natural Philosophy in Napoleonic France", in: Robert M. Brain, Robert S. Cohen, Ole Knudsen (eds.), ''Hans Christian Ørsted and the Romantic Legacy in Science: Ideas, Disciplines, Practices'', Springer, 2007; Maurizio Esposito, ''Romantic Biology, 1890–1945'', Routledge, 2015, p. 31.</ref> Dia adalah adik dari menteri, filsuf, dan [[Linguistik|ahli bahasa]] Prusia [[Wilhelm von Humboldt]] (1767–1835).<ref>{{Cite news|last=Thubron|first=Colin|author-link=Colin Thubron|date=25 September 2015|title=''The Invention of Nature'', by Andrea Wulf|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/27/books/review/the-invention-of-nature-by-andrea-wulf.html|work=[[The New York Times]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161017183940/http://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/27/books/review/the-invention-of-nature-by-andrea-wulf.html|archive-date=17 October 2016|access-date=1 March 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Lee|first=Jeffrey|year=2014|title=Von Humboldt, Alexander|url=http://www.eoearth.org/view/article/156871/|website=The Encyclopedia of Earth|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150927171502/http://www.eoearth.org/view/article/156871/|archive-date=2015-09-27|access-date=2015-09-26|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Jackson|first=Stephen T.|title=Alexander von Humboldt and the General Physics of the Earth|url=http://faculty.jsd.claremont.edu/dmcfarlane/bio176mcfarlane/pdf%20papers/Humboldt%20hsitory.pdf|work=[[Science (journal)|Science]]|volume=324|pages=596–597|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190412023559/http://faculty.jsd.claremont.edu/dmcfarlane/bio176mcfarlane/pdf%20papers/Humboldt%20hsitory.pdf|archive-date=2019-04-12|access-date=2015-11-11|url-status=live}}</ref> Karya kuantitatif Humboldt tentang [[geografi]] [[botani]] meletakkan dasar bagi bidang [[biogeografi]]. Advokasi Humboldt tentang pengukuran geofisika sistematis jangka panjang meletakkan fondasi bagi observasi [[Medan magnet Bumi|geomagnetik]] dan [[meteorologi]] modern.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Love|first=J.J.|year=2008|title=Magnetic monitoring of Earth and space|url=http://www.intermagnet.org/publications/Magnetic_monitoring_of_earth_and_space.pdf|journal=Physics Today|volume=February|issue=2|pages=31–37|bibcode=2008PhT....61b..31H|doi=10.1063/1.2883907|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190728141158/http://www.intermagnet.org/publications/Magnetic_monitoring_of_earth_and_space.pdf|archive-date=28 July 2019|access-date=29 June 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last=Thomson|first=A.|title=Von Humboldt and the establishment of geomagnetic observatories|journal=IAEA-Inis|year=2009|url=http://inis.iaea.org/search/searchsinglerecord.aspx?recordsFor=SingleRecord&RN=41118488|access-date=2015-03-08|archivedate=2020-03-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200304143542/https://inis.iaea.org/search/searchsinglerecord.aspx?recordsFor=SingleRecord&RN=41118488}}</ref>
Antara tahun 1799 sampai dengan 1804, Humboldt melakukan perjalanan secara ekstensif di [[Benua Amerika]]. Ia menjelajahi dan mendeskripsikan tempat-tempat yang dikunjunginya dari sudut pandang ilmiah Barat modern. Deskripsi perjalanannya ditulis dan diterbitkan dalam beberapa volume buku selama 21 tahun. Humboldt adalah salah satu orang pertama yang menyatakan bahwa daratan-daratan yang berbatasan dengan [[Samudra Atlantik]] dulunya adalah daratan yang menyatu (terutama Amerika Selatan dan Afrika).
Humboldt menggunakan kembali istilah ''kosmos'' yang berasal dari bahasa Yunani kuno dalam risalah multivolumenya, ''[[Kosmos (buku Humboldt)|Kosmos]]''. Dalam karyanya itu, ia berusaha menyatukan beragam cabang pengetahuan ilmiah dan budaya. Karya penting ini juga mendorong persepsi holistik tentang alam semesta sebagai satu kesatuan yang berinteraksi,<ref name="Walls 2009 3–15">{{Cite journal|last=Walls|first=L.D.|title=Introducing Humboldt's Cosmos|url=http://www.humansandnature.org/introducing-humboldt-s-cosmos-article-26.php|journal=Minding Nature|volume=August 2009|pages=3–15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190512163431/https://www.humansandnature.org/introducing-humboldt-s-cosmos-article-26.php|archive-date=2019-05-12|access-date=2015-03-04|url-status=live}}</ref> yang memperkenalkan konsep [[ekologi]] yang berujung pada ide-ide [[pelestarian lingkungan hidup]]. Pada tahun 1800 dan 1831, ia menjelaskan secara ilmiah, berdasarkan pengamatan yang dihasilkan selama perjalanannya, dampak lokal dari pembangunan yang menyebabkan [[Perubahan iklim|perubahan iklim yang disebabkan oleh manusia]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Paul|first=Hawken|year=2017|title=Drawdown: the most comprehensive plan ever proposed to reverse global warming|title-link=Drawdown (book)|publisher=|isbn=978-1524704650|page=24|oclc=973159818}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Wulf|first=Andrea|authorlink=Andrea Wulf|date=2015-12-23|title=The Forgotten Father of Environmentalism|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2015/12/the-forgotten-father-of-environmentalism/421434/|website=[[The Atlantic]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200114203439/https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2015/12/the-forgotten-father-of-environmentalism/421434/|archive-date=2020-01-14|access-date=2020-01-14|ref=none|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|date=2019-08-29|title=Humboldt's legacy|journal=Nature Ecology & Evolution|language=en|volume=3|issue=9|pages=1265–1266|doi=10.1038/s41559-019-0980-5|issn=2397-334X|pmid=31467435}}</ref>
== Profil ==
Baris 17 ⟶ 20:
== Lihat juga ==
=== Pranala dalam ===
* [[Wilhelm von Humboldt]]
* [http://www.avh.de/en/index.htm The website of the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031202025506/http://www.avh.de/en/index.htm |date=2003-12-02 }}
* {{gutenberg author|
* [http://www.avhumboldt.net Humboldt Digital Library] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125020807/http://avhumboldt.net/ |date=2020-11-25 }}
* [http://www.archive.org/search.php?query=creator%3AAlexander%20Humboldt%20-contributor%3Agutenberg%20AND%20mediatype%3Atexts Works by Alexander von Humboldt] at [[Internet Archive]]
* [http://www.archive.org/details/AlexanderVonHumboldt"Lives of the Brothers Humboldt"] an extensive biography available from the Million Book Project:
* Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie: [[s:de:ADB:Humboldt, Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich Alexander v.|biography of Humboldt]] at [[Wikisource]]
{{Commons|Alexander von Humboldt}}
* [http://www.globusz.com/ebooks/Equinoctial1/00000010.htm Online version of ''Travels to the Equinoctial Regions of the New World''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061110042732/http://www.globusz.com/ebooks/Equinoctial1/00000010.htm |date=2006-11-10 }}
* [http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/history/inourtime/inourtime_20060928.shtml "Alexander von Humboldt"], from ''[[In Our Time (BBC Radio 4)|In Our Time]]'', a 45 minutes [[BBC Radio 4]] program.
* [http://www.geografiana.com/dunia/pelajar/alexander-von-humboldt-3 Alexander von Humboldt di Geografiana] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081205033628/http://www.geografiana.com/dunia/pelajar/alexander-von-humboldt-3 |date=2008-12-05 }}
{{lifetime|1769|1859|Humboldt}}
== Referensi ==
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[[Kategori:Naturalis]]
[[Kategori:Penjelajah Jerman]]
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