Juche: Perbedaan antara revisi
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
JThorneBOT (bicara | kontrib) →Pengaruh: clean up, removed: {{Link FA|ast}} |
Add 1 book for Wikipedia:Pemastian (20231009)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) (GreenC bot |
||
| (21 revisi perantara oleh 13 pengguna tidak ditampilkan) | |||
Baris 1:
{{
{{Infobox Korean name|image=1730 - Nordkorea 2015 - Pjöngjang - Juche Turm (22791978320).jpg|caption=Obor yang menjadi simbol ideologi ''Juche'' pada [[menara Juche]] di Kota [[Pyongyang]]|title=''Juche''|context=north|hangul=주체사상|hanja=[[wikt:主體|主體]][[wikt:思想|思想]]|mr=Chuch'e sasang|rr=Juche sasang}}
{{Komunisme}}'''''Juche''''' ({{lang-ko|주체/主體|lit=[[Subject (philosophy)|subject]]}}; {{IPA-ko|tɕutɕʰe}}; biasanya tak diterjemahkan{{sfn|Myers|2015|p=14}} atau terkadang juga disebut "[[Berdiri di atas kaki sendiri|berdikari]]") adalah [[ideologi]] resmi [[Korea Utara]], dijelaskan oleh pemerintahan Korea Utara sebagai "kontribusi asli, brilian, dan revolusioner dari [[Kim Il-sung]] terhadap pemikiran nasional dan internasional".<ref name="North Korea: State of Paranoia">{{cite book|title=North Korea: State of Paranoia|url=https://archive.org/details/northkoreastateo0000fren|author=Paul French|date=2014|publisher=Zed Books|isbn=978-1-78032-947-5}}{{page needed|date=July 2015}}</ref> Juche berdalil bahwa "manusia menguasai takdirnya",<ref name="Juche Idea: Answers to Hundred Questions">{{cite book|title=Juche Idea: Answers to Hundred Questions|date=2014|publisher=Foreign Languages Publishing House|location=Pyongyang}}</ref> dan rakyat Korea Utara adalah "penguasa revolusi dan pembangunan" dan bila rakyat menjadi kuat dan mandiri, bangsa akan memperoleh [[sosialisme]] yang lebih nyata.<ref name="Juche Idea: Answers to Hundred Questions" />
[[Kim Il-sung]] (1912–1994) menciptakan ideologi ini, yang aslinya merupakan varian dari [[Marxisme–Leninisme]] yang kemudian diberi ciri khas Korea Utara<ref name="North Korea: State of Paranoia" /> yang menyertakan materialisme ala Marxisme–Leninisme dan sangat menekankan [[individu]], [[negara kebangsaan]], dan [[kedaulatan]].<ref name="North Korea: State of Paranoia" /> Pemerintahan Korea Utara menggunakan ideologi ''Juche'' sebagai pandangan hidupnya dan terus digunakan sebagai identitas politiknya sejak tahun 1950-an ke atas. Prinsip dasar dari Juche adalah menggerakkan bangsa menuju kemerdekaan (''jaju''),<ref name="North Korea: State of Paranoia" /> melalui pembangunan "perekonomian nasional" (''jarip'') serta penekanan pada ketahanan diri (''jawi'') dalam rangka membangun sosialisme.<ref name="North Korea: State of Paranoia" />
Praktik ''Juche'' berakar dari ide keberlanjutan atas kemandirian pertanian.
Ideologi ini digambarkan sebagai [[Nasionalisme etnis Korea|ultranasionalisme etnis Korea]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/inside-author-d-b-johns-140009842/photo-kim-il-sung-square-background-photo-200009397.html|title=Inside author D.B. John's fascinating trip to North Korea for Star of the North|last1=John|first1=D.B.|date=22 May 2018|website=Yahoo! Entertainment|accessdate=10 April 2020}}</ref> yang berkembang setelah hilangnya unsur-unsur asli Marxisme–Leninisme.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vox.com/2016/1/6/10724334/north-korea-history|title=The single most important fact for understanding North Korea|last1=Fisher|first1=Max|date=6 January 2016|website=Vox|accessdate=10 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GPm9DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA159&lpg=PA159&dq=%22juche%22+%22ultranationalism%22&source=bl&ots=QNKS7ZAXeb&sig=ACfU3U2DRiJNOvOOxT7HKhj2zvigk5jjBA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi12tL3z9zoAhXVhHIEHfPmDhkQ6AEwDXoECA0QKQ#v=onepage&q=%22juche%22%20%22ultranationalism%22&f=false|title=A Concise History of Modern Korea: From the Late Nineteenth Century to the Present|last1=Seth|first1=Michael J.|date=18 December 2019|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|page=159|accessdate=10 April 2020}}</ref>
== Menara Juche ==
Baris 10 ⟶ 16:
Selama [[Perang Dingin]], pemerintah Korea Utara mempromosikan ideologi ini secara global.
Pada tahun [[1964]], [[Sukarno|Presiden Sukarno]] mengadakan kunjungan ke Korea Utara dan mencontoh ideologi ini untuk diterapkan sisi positifnya di [[Indonesia]].{{Citation needed|date=April 2011}} [[Presiden Rumania]], [[Nicolae Ceauşescu]], juga kagum akan konsep ''Juche'' setelah mengunjungi Korea Utara dalam rangkaian lawatannya ke [[Asia]] pada tahun [[1971]] dan segera menerapkan ideologi ini di negaranya mulai tahun [[1974]].
== Referensi ==
=== Kutipan ===
{{Reflist}}
=== Sumber ===
==== Artikel jurnal ====
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite journal|last1=Armstrong|first1=Charles K.|date=2005|title=Familism, Socialism and Political Religion in North Korea|journal=Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions|volume=6|issue=3|pages=|ref=harv}}
* {{cite journal|last1=Helgesen|first1=Geir|date=1991|title=Political Revolution in a Cultural Continuum: Preliminary Observations on the North Korean "Juche" Ideology with its Intrinsic Cult of Personality|journal=Asian Perspectives|volume=15|issue=1|pages=|ref=harv}}
* {{cite journal|last1=Jung|first1=Hyang Jin|date=2013|title=Jucheism as an Apotheosis of the Family: The Case of the Arirang Festival|journal=Journal of Korean Religions, North Korea and Religion|volume=4|issue=2|pages=|ref=harv}}
* {{cite journal|last1=Lim|first1=Jae-cheon|authorlink=|date=May–June 2012|title=North Korea's Hereditary Succession Comparing Two Key Transitions in the DPRK|journal=[[Asian Survey]]|volume=52|issue=3|pages=550–70|doi=10.1525/as.2012.52.3.550|jstor=10.1525/as.2012.52.3.550|ref=CITEREFLim2012}}
{{refend}}
==== Buku ====
{{refbegin|40em}}
* {{cite book|title=A Capitalist in North Korea: My Seven Years in the Hermit Kingdom|url=https://archive.org/details/capitalistinnort0000abtf|author=Abt, Felix|publisher=Tuttle Publishing|year=2014|isbn=9780804844390|ref=CITEREFAbt2014}}
* {{cite book|title=Building Bridges: Is There Hope for North Korea?|author1=Alton, David|author2=Chidley, Rob|publisher=[[Lion Books]]|year=2013|isbn=9780745955988|ref=CITEREFAltonChidley2013}}
* {{cite book|title=Korea's Place in the Sun: A Modern History|url=https://archive.org/details/koreasplaceinsun00cumi|last=Cumings|first=Bruce|publisher=W W Norton and Company|year=1997|isbn=978-0393040111|ref=harv}}
* {{cite book|title=Korea's Place in the Sun: a Modern History|url=https://archive.org/details/koreasplaceinsun0000cumi|last=Cumings|first=Bruce|publisher=W.W. Norton|year=2005|location=New York|ref=harv|author-mask=1}}
* {{cite book|title=Why Communism Did Not Collapse: Understanding Authoritarian Regime Resilience in Asia and Europe|author=Dimitrov, Martin|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|year=2013|isbn=978-1107035539|volume=|ref=CITEREFDimitrov2013}}
* {{cite book|title=North Korea: The Politics of Regime Survival|author1=Kihl, Young|author2=Kim, Hong Nack|publisher=[[M.E. Sharpe]]|year=2006|isbn=9780765616388|volume=|ref=CITEREFKihlKim2006}}
* {{cite book|title=North Korea's Foreign Policy Under Kim Jong Il: New Perspectives|author=Kwak, Tae-Hwan|publisher=[[Ashgate Publishing]]|year=2009|isbn=978-0754677390|volume=|ref=CITEREFKwak2009}}
* {{cite book|title=The successor theory of North Korea|last1=Lee|first1=Kyo Duk|publisher=Korean Institute for National Reunification|year=2004|isbn=978-8984792258|pages=1–52|chapter='Peaceful Utilization of the DMZ' as a National Strategy|ref=CITEREFLee2004|authorlink=|chapter-url=http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_02_01.jsp?page=8&field=&text=&order=&dir=&mode=list&bid=DATA05&ses=&category=}}
* {{cite book|title=When Leaders Learn and When They Don't: Mikhail Gorbachev and Kim Il Sung at the End of the Cold War|author=Malici, Akan|publisher=[[SUNY Press]]|year=2009|isbn=978-0791473047|volume=|ref=CITEREFMalici2009}}
* {{cite book|title=Korea Briefing: Toward Reunification|author=McCann, David|publisher=[[M. E. Sharpe]]|year=1997|isbn=978-1563248863|volume=|ref=CITEREFMcCann1997}}
* {{cite book|title=North Korea's Juche Myth|last=Myers|first=B. R.|publisher=Sthele Press|year=2015|isbn=978-1-5087-9993-1|location=Busan|ref=harv}}
* {{cite book|url=https://www.academia.edu/4478846|title=North Korea in 2012: Domestic Politics, the Economy and Social Issues|last1=Rüdiger|first1=Frank|publisher=[[Brill Publishers]]|year=2013|isbn=9789004262973|pages=41–72|ref=CITEREFRüdiger2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017111605/http://www.academia.edu/4478846/Framing_the_Globalisation_Debate_in_Korean_Higher_Education|archivedate=October 17, 2015|url-status=dead}}
* {{cite book|title=Ethnic Nationalism in Korea: Genealogy, Politics, and Legacy|last=Shin|first=Gi-wook|publisher=[[Stanford University Press]]|year=2006|isbn=9780804754088|ref=harv}}
{{refend}}
== Daftar pustaka ==
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book|title=Juche: A Christian Study of North Korea's State Religion|url=https://archive.org/details/juchechristianst0000belk|last=Belke|first=Thomas Julian|publisher=Living Sacrifice Book Company|year=1999|isbn=978-0-88264-329-8|location=Bartlesville}}
* {{cite book|title=Origins of North Korea's Juche: Colonialism, War, and Development|publisher=Lexington Books|year=2012|isbn=978-0-7391-7659-7|editor=Jae-Jung Suh|location=Lanham}}
* {{cite book|title=The Cleanest Race: How North Koreans See Themselves and Why It Matters|url=https://archive.org/details/cleanestracehown00myer|last=Myers|first=B. R.|publisher=Melville House|year=2011|isbn=978-1-935554-97-4|location=New York}}
{{refend}}
== Pranala luar ==
{{Wiktionary|Juche}}{{komunisme bawah}}{{Authority control}}
[[Kategori:Komunis]]
[[Kategori:Politik
[[Kategori:Ideologi]]
[[Kategori:Korea Utara]]
| |||