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{{Infobox Language
|name=Koptik
|nativename= {{coptic|ⲘⲉⲧⲢⲉⲙ̀ⲛⲭⲏⲙⲓ}}, Μετ Ρεμνχημι ''Met.Remnkhēmi''
|familycolor=Afro-Asiatic
|script=[[Alfabet Koptik]]
|states=
|fam2=[[Bahasa Mesir|Mesir]]
|ancestor=[[Bahasa Mesir Kuno|Mesir Kuno]]
|ancestor2=Mesir Tengah
|ancestor3=Mesir Muda
|iso2=cop
|iso3=cop
|notice=IPA
}}
[[Berkas:coptic luke.jpg|jmpl|Manuskrip Koptik abad ke-8]]
'''Bahasa Koptik''' ('''bahasa Kubti, bahasa Qibti,''' atau '''bahasa Mesir Koptik''';<ref>{{cite book|last = Reintges|first = Chris H.|title = Coptic Egyptian (Sahidic Dialect)|publisher = Rüdiger Köppe|location = Cologne|date = 2004|isbn = 978-3-89645-570-3}}</ref> ''Met.Remenkīmi'') merupakan salah satu [[bahasa]] dalam [[rumpun bahasa Afro-Asia]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Nasution|first=Sahkholid|date=2017|url=http://repository.uinsu.ac.id/2034/1/6.%20Buku%20Linguistik%20Arab.pdf|title=Pengantar Linguistik Bahasa Arab|location=Sidoarjo|publisher=CV. Lisan Arabi|isbn=978-602-70113-8-0|editor-last=Kholison|editor-first=Moh.|pages=62|url-status=live}}</ref> Bahasa ini merupakan tahap bahasa terakhir dari [[bahasa Mesir]] yang digunakan di Mesir bagian utara sampai setidaknya abad ke-17 M. Bahasa Mesir mulai ditulis dalam [[alfabet Yunani]] pada abad pertama M. Sistem penulisan terbaru adalah [[alfabet Koptik]], adaptasi dari alfabet Yunani dengan tambahan enam sampai tujuh tanda dari bahasa [[bahasa Demotik Mesir|Demotik]] untuk mewakili [[fonem]] bahasa Mesir yang tidak terdapat dalam [[bahasa Yunani]]. Beberapa perbedaan dialek Koptik diketahui, yang paling utama adalah '''Sahidik''' dan '''Bohairik'''.
Dalam tahap perkembangan bahasa Mesir, Koptik dan [[bahasa Demotik Mesir|Demotik]] cukup lekat dalam tata bahasanya dengan [[bahasa Mesir Akhir]], yang telah ditulis dalam naskah [[hieroglif Mesir|hieroglif]], tetapi sangat berbeda dalam penggambaran grafiknya. Koptik berkembang sebagai bahasa kesusasteraan sejak abad ke-2 sampai abad ke-13 SM, dan dialek ''Bohairik'' tetap menjadi bahasa liturgi ''[[Gereja Ortodoks Koptik Aleksandria]]''. Bahasa Koptik digantikan oleh bahasa Arab Mesir sebagai bahasa sehari-hari sampai sekarang, walaupun beberapa usaha membangkitkan kembali bahasa ini telah berlangsung sejak abad ke-19.
==
[[Dialek]] dalam bahasa Koptik meliputi dialek Sahidik, dialek Bohairik, dialek Akhmimik, dialek Fayyumik dan dialek Mesokemik.{{Butuh rujukan}}
== Referensi ==
{{reflist}}
== Lihat pula ==
{{Incubator|code=cop/Main page}}
* [[Bahasa Mesir]]
* [[Bahasa Mesir Kuno]]
Baris 18 ⟶ 34:
* [[Bahasa Mesir Demotik]]
== Pustaka tambahan ==
=== Studi umum ===
* Emmel, Stephen. 1992. "Languages (Coptic)". In ''The Anchor Bible Dictionary'', edited by David Noel Freedman. Vol. 4 of 6 vols. New York: Doubleday. 180–188.
* {{cite journal | last= Gessman | first=A. M. | title=The Birth of the Coptic Script | journal=University of South Florida Language Quarterly 14 | volume=2-3 | year=1976}}
* Gignac, Francis Thomas. 1991. "Old Coptic". In ''The Coptic Encyclopedia'', edited by Aziz Suryal Atiya. Vol. 8 of 8 vols. New York and Toronto: Macmillian Publishing Company and Collier Macmillian Canada. 169–188.
* [[Rodolphe Kasser|Kasser, Radolphe]]. 1991. "Dialects". In ''[[The Coptic Encyclopedia]]'', edited by [[Aziz Suryal Atiya]]. Vol. 8 of 8 vols. New York and Toronto: Macmillian Publishing Company and Collier Macmillian Canada. 87–96.
* [[Wolfgang Kosack]]. Lehrbuch des Koptischen.Teil I:Koptische Grammatik.Teil II:Koptische Lesestücke, Graz 1974.
* Loprieno, Antonio. 1995. ''Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction''. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
* [[Hans Jakob Polotsky|Polotsky, Hans Jakob]]. 1971. "Coptic". In ''Afroasiatic: A Survey'', edited by Carleton Taylor Hodge. (Jana Linguarum: Series Practica; 163). 's Gravenhage and Paris: Mouton. 67–79.
=== Gramatika ===
* [[Chaîne, Marius]]. 1933. ''Éléments de grammaire dialectale copte: bohairique, sahidique, achmimique, fayoumique''. Paris: Paul Geuthner.
* Eberle, Andrea, & Regine Schulz. 2004. ''Koptisch – Ein Leitfaden durch das Saïdische''. LINCOM Languages of the World/Materials 07. Munich: LINCOM Europa.
* Jernstedt, Peter V. 1927. Das koptische Präsens und die Anknüpfungsarten des näheren Objekts. 'Comptes rendus de l'Academice des Sciences de l'Union République Soviétique Socialistes. 2, 69-74.
* [[Lambdin, Thomas Oden]]. 1983. ''Introduction to Sahidic Coptic''. Macon: Mercer University Press.
* Layton, Bentley. 2000. ''A Coptic Grammar (Sahidic Dialect): With a Chrestomathy and Glossary''. (Porta linguarum orientalium; N.S., 20). Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.
* Layton, Bentley. 2007. ''Coptic in 20 Lessons: Introduction to Sahidic Coptic with Exercises and Vocabularies''. Peeters Publishers, ISBN 90-429-1810-1.
* Mallon, Alexis. 1956. ''Grammaire copte: bibliographie, chrestomathie et vocabulaire''. 4th edition. Beyrouth.
* Mattar, Nabil. 1990. ''A Study in Bohairic Coptic''. Pasadena: Hope Publishing House.
* Plumley, John Martin. 1948. ''[http://www.metalog.org/files/plum.html Introductory Coptic Grammar] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140329064611/http://metalog.org/ |date=2014-03-29 }}''. London: Home & Van Thal.
* [[Hans Jakob Polotsky|Polotsky, Hans Jakob]]. 1987. ''Grundlagen des koptischen Satzbaus''. American Studies in Papyrology 28. Decatur, Ga.: Scholars Press.
* Reintges Chris H. 2004. ''Coptic Egyptian (Sahidic dialect): a learner's grammar''. Cologne: Rüdiger Köppe Verlag.
* Reintges, Chris H. 2010. Coordination, converbs, and clause-chaining in Coptic Egyptian typology. in Isabelle Bril, ed. ''Clause linking and clause hierarchy'' Studies in Language Companion Series 128. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, ISBN 978-90-272-0588-9.
* Shisha-Halevy, Ariel. 1988. ''Coptic Grammatical Chrestomathy: a course for academic and private study''. Orientalia lovaniensia analecta 30. Leuven: Peeters.
* Shisha-Halevy, Ariel. 1986. ''Coptic Grammatical Categories: Structural Studies in the Syntax of Shenoutean Sahidic''. Analecta Orientalia 53. Roma: Pontificium Institutum Biblicum. ISBN 88-7653-255-2.
* Shisha-Halevy, Ariel. 2007. ''Topics in Coptic Syntax: Structural Studies in the Bohairic Dialect''. Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta 160. Leuven – Paris – Dudley, MA: Peeters. ISBN 978-90-429-1875-7.
* [[Tattam, Henry]], [http://books.google.pl/books?id=-w0GAAAAQAAJ&dq=&printsec=frontcover&source=#v=&f=false ''A compendious grammar of the Egyptian language as contained in the Coptic, Sahidic, and Bashmuric Dialects'' (London 1863)]
* Till, Walter C. 1994. ''Koptische Dialektgrammatik''. Berlin: Walter De Gruyter.
* [[Vergote, Jozef]]. 1973–1983. ''Grammaire copte''. Leuven: Peeters.
* Younan, Sameh. 2005. ''[http://www.learncoptic.com So, you want to learn Coptic? A guide to Bohairic Grammar]''. Sydney: St.Mary, St.Bakhomious and St.Shenouda Coptic Orthodox Church.
=== Kamus ===
* [[Jaroslav Černý (Egyptologist)|Černý, Jaroslav]]. 1976. ''Coptic Etymological Dictionary''. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press.
* [[Walter Ewing Crum|Crum, Walter Ewing]]. 1939. [http://www.metalog.org/files/crum.html ''A Coptic Dictionary''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140423083522/http://www.metalog.org/files/crum.html |date=2014-04-23 }}. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Reprinted by Sandpiper Books Ltd, London & Powells Books, Chicago, 2000.
* [[Wolfgang Kosack]]: ''Koptisches Handlexikon des Bohairischen.'' Koptisch - Deutsch - Arabisch. Verlag Christoph Brunner, Basel 2013, ISBN 978-3-9524018-9-7.
* Vycichl, Werner. 1983. ''Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue copte''. Leuven: Éditions Peeters.
* Westendorf, Wolfhart. 1965/1977. ''Koptisches Handwörterbuch''. Heidelberg: Carl Winter.
=== Fonologi ===
* Depuydt, Leo. 1993. "On Coptic Sounds." ''Orientalia'' 62 (new series): 338–375.
* Greenberg, Joseph H (originally published 1962). The interpretation of the Coptic vowel system. In: On language: selected writings of Joseph H. Greenberg. Eds: K Denning & S Kemmer. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1990: 428-438
* Loprieno, Antonio. 1997. "Egyptian and Coptic Phonology". In ''Phonologies of Asia and Africa (Including the Caucasus)'', edited by Alan S. Kaye. Vol. 1 of 2 vols. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns. 431–460.
* Peust, Carsten. 1999. [http://diglit.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/peust1999/0002?sid=9791291fa3820191461fbd175f0aa51e ''Egyptian Phonology: An Introduction to the Phonology of a Dead Language'']. (Monographien zur ägyptischen Sprache; 2). Göttingen: Peust & Gutschmidt.
=== Pustaka ===
* Kammerer, Winifred (compiler), ''A Coptic Bibliography'', Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1950. (Reprint New York: Kraus Reprint Co., 1969)
* [[Wolfgang Kosack]]: ''Der koptische Heiligenkalender. Deutsch - Koptisch - Arabisch nach den besten Quellen neu bearbeitet und vollständig herausgegeben mit Index Sanctorum koptischer Heiliger, Index der Namen auf Koptisch, Koptische Patriarchenliste, Geografische Liste''. Christoph Brunner, Berlin 2012, ISBN 978-3-9524018-4-2.
* [[Wolfgang Kosack]]: ''Schenute von Atripe De judicio finale.'' Papyruskodex 63000.IV im Museo Egizio di Torino. Einleitung, Textbearbeitung und Übersetzung herausgegeben von Wolfgang Kosack. Christoph Brunner, Berlin 2013, ISBN 978-3-9524018-5-9.
== Pranala luar ==
{{Incubator|code=cop}}
* [http://alinsuciu.com/ By Alin Suciu, a blog on Coptic literature and manuscripts]
* [http://www.france-copte.net France-copte.net] By Mikhail David, French coptic site.
* [http://copticsounds.wordpress.com/ Copticsounds – a resource for the study of Coptic phonology]
* [http://sites.google.com/site/pisakho/Home {{Coptic|ⲡⲓⲥⲁϧⲟ}}] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308023606/http://sites.google.com/site/pisakho/Home |date=2021-03-08 }}: Coptic language [http://sites.google.com/site/pisakho/resources internet links] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210307213341/http://sites.google.com/site/pisakho/resources |date=2021-03-07 }} and [http://sites.google.com/site/pisakho/bibliography bibliography] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308065509/http://sites.google.com/site/pisakho/bibliography |date=2021-03-08 }}
* [http://www.coptica.ch Coptica.ch] Online library of Coptic texts at University of Geneva (site text in French)
* [http://socrates.berkeley.edu/~pinax/greekkeys/NAUdownload.html New Athena Unicode font]; includes the new Coptic range
* [http://st-takla.org/Learn_Languages/01_Learn_Coptic-ta3leem-2ebty/Learn-Coptic_00-index_El-Fehres.html Online Coptic tutorial]
* [http://www.remenkimi.com A comprehensive Coptic language resource] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170521125230/http://remenkimi.com/ |date=2017-05-21 }} (Remenkimi)
* [http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U2C80.pdf Coptic block in the Unicode 4.1 standard]
* Heike Behlmer, [http://online.mq.edu.au/pub/AHPG897/biblio.html Selected Bibliography on the Coptic Language] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060819071419/http://online.mq.edu.au/pub/AHPG897/biblio.html |date=2006-08-19 }}
* [http://bc.ub.leidenuniv.nl/bc/tentoonstelling/Coptic_manuscript/index.html Coptic texts and manuscripts at Leiden University Library] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011121552/http://bc.ub.leidenuniv.nl/bc/tentoonstelling/Coptic_manuscript/index.html |date=2007-10-11 }}
* [http://www.ifao.egnet.net/publications/outils/polices/ Ifao N Copte] – A professional Coptic font for researchers.
* [http://www.typographies.fr/index.php a set of Coptic Unicode fonts] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130604071854/http://www.typographies.fr/index.php |date=2013-06-04 }}
* [http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/freefont/ GNU FreeFont]—FreeSerif face includes a Coptic range.
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