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Baris 1: {{distinguish\|Columbidae}} ~~{{Taxobox~~ {{Autotaxobox ~~\| name = Colubridae~~ \| taxon = Colubridae ~~\| image = Coluber caspius.jpg~~ \| fill = yes ~~\| image_caption = ''[[Coluber caspius]]''~~ \| authority = [[Nicolaus_Michael_Oppel\|Oppel]], 1811 ~~\| fossil_range = [[Oligocene]] to Recent~~ ~~\| regnum = [[Animalia]]~~ ~~\| phylum = [[Chordata]]~~ ~~\| subphylum = [[Vertebrata]]~~ ~~\| classis = [[Reptilia]]~~ ~~\| ordo = [[Squamata]]~~ ~~\| subordo = [[Ular\|Serpentes]]~~ ~~\| familia = '''Colubridae'''~~ ~~\| familia_authority=[[Nicolaus Michael Oppel\|Oppel]], 1811~~ }} '''Kolubrid''' atau '''Colubridae''' (dari bahasa latin, ''coluber''="ular") adalah nama familia [[ular]] yang terdiri lebih dari 1000 spesies.<ref>{{cite web \|title=Colubrid \|url=https://www.britannica.com/animal/colubrid \|website=britannica.com \|publisher=Britannica \|accessdate=2 December 2018}}</ref> Suku kolubrid tersebar luas di setiap benua di dunia, kecuali [[Antartika]].<ref name=EoR>{{cite book \|editor=Cogger, H.G. \|editor-link=Harold Cogger \|editor2=Zweifel, R.G. \|editor2-link=Richard G. Zweifel\|author= [[:fr:Aaron Matthew Bauer\|Bauer, Aaron M.]]\|year=1998\|title=Encyclopedia of Reptiles and Amphibians\|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofre0000unse_h2i0 \|publisher= Academic Press\|location=San Diego\|pages= [https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofre0000unse_h2i0/page/188 188]–195\|isbn= 0-12-178560-2}}</ref> '''Colubridae''', (dari bahasa latin, ''coluber''="ular") adalah keluarga [[ular]] yang terbanyak anggotanya. Hampir dua pertiga dari semua jenis-jenis ular termasuk ke dalam suku ini. Suku kolubrid bisa ditemui di berbagai benua, kecuali [[Antartika]]. Kebanyakan ular kolubrid digolongkan sebagai ular tak berbisa (''non-venomous''), atau memiliki bisa yang lemah saja, dan pada umumnya tidak membahayakan manusia. Akan tetapi beberapa jenis seperti dari marga ''Boiga sp.'', ''Coluber sp.'' dan ''Rhabdophis sp.'', gigitannya dapat berakibat serius. Bahkan gigitan ular [[Boomslang]] (''Dispholydus typus'') dan [[Ular ranting Afrika]] (''Thelotornis sp.''), keduanya adalah jenis ular pohon dari [[Afrika]], dapat membunuh manusia. Namun, semua ular berbisa dalam suku ini memiliki taring yang terletak di rahang belakang, bukan di depan seperti suku [[Elapidae]] ataupun [[Viperidae]]. == Pengenalan == Sebagian besar spesies kolubrid adalah ular-ular yang tidak berbisa. Walau begitu, klasifikasi famili kolubrid juga mencakup jenis-jenis ular berbisa. Akan tetapi, ular-ular berbisa yang termasuk kedalam kolubrid adalah ular berbisa bertaring belakang (''rear-fanged'') di mana taring bisanya terletak di rahang atas bagian belakang, bukan di depan seperti pada familia [[Elapidae]] atau [[Viperidae]]. Sebagian besar kolubrid yang berbisa tidak sampai membahayakan manusia, tetapi beberapa spesies seperti ''Boiga dendrophila'' ([[Ular cincin-emas]]), gigitannya dapat berakibat serius. Bakhan sebagian spesies seperti ''Dispholidus typus'' ([[Boomslang]]) dan ''Thelotornis'' ([[Ular-ranting Afrika]]), gigitannya mampu membunuh manusia.<ref name="Bruna Azara 1995">{{cite journal \| author = Bruna Azara, C. \| year = 1995 \| title = Animales venenosos. Vertebrados terrestres venenosos peligrosos para el ser humano en España \| url = http://www.sea-entomologia.org/PDF/BOLETIN_11/B11-009-032.pdf \| journal = Boletín de la S.E.A. \| volume = 11 \| issue = \| pages = 32–40 }}</ref><ref name="Weinstein2011">{{cite book\|last1=Weinstein\|first1=S. A.\|last2=Warrell\|first2=D. A.\|last3=White\|first3=J.\|last4=Keyler\|first4=D. E.\|title=Venomous bites from non-venomous snakes: A critical analysis of risk and management of "colubrid" snake bites\|date=2011\|publisher=Elsevier\|location=London}}</ref> == Klasifikasi == === Subfamilia [[Ahaetuliinae]] Figueroa, McKelvy, Grismer, Bell, and Lailvaux, 2016 === ~~Beberapa anak suku dari suku Colubridae diantaranya:~~ {{columns-list\|colwidth=50em\| Golongan berstatus ''incertae sedis'' (status tidak menentu) Genus ''[[Ahaetulla]]'' Link, 1807 * Genus ''[[Chrysopelea]]'' Boie, 1827 * Genus ''[[Dendrelaphis]]'' Boulenger, 1890 * Genus ''[[Dryophiops]]'' Boulenger, 1896 * Genus ''[[Proahaetulla antiqua\|Proahaetulla]]'' Mallik, Achyuthan, Ganesh, Pal, Vijayakumar & Shanker, 2019 }} === Subfamilia [[Calamariinae]] (Bonaparte, 1838) === Subfamily Boodontinae - lebih umum disebut [[Lamprophidae]] {{columns-list\|colwidth=50em\| Genus ''[[Calamaria]]'' Boie, 1827 * Genus ''[[Calamorhabdium]]'' Boettger, 1898 * Genus ''[[Collorhabdium williamsoni\|Collorhabdium]]'' Smedley, 1931 * Genus ''[[Etheridgeum pulchrum\|Etheridgeum]]'' Wallach, 1988 * Genus ''[[Macrocalamus]]'' Günther, 1864 * Genus ''[[Pseudorabdion]]'' Jan, 1862 * Genus ''[[Rabdion]]'' Duméril, 1853 }} === Subfamilia [[Colubrinae]] (Oppel, 1811) === Subfamily [[Calamariinae]] [[Berkas:Brown tree snake (Boiga irregularis) (8387575202).jpg\|jmpl\|ka\|240px\|[[Ular-pohon cokelat]] (''Boiga irregularis'')]] * ''Calamaria'' [[Berkas:Coelognathus radiatus.jpg\|jmpl\|ka\|240px\|[[Ular sapi]] (''Coelognathus radiatus'')]] ''Calamorhabdium'' [[Berkas:Dasypeltis atra2.jpg\|jmpl\|ka\|240px\|Ular pemakan-telur Afrika (''Dasypeltis Sp.'')]] ''Collorhabdium'' [[Berkas:Dispholidus typus.jpg\|jmpl\|ka\|240px\|[[Boomslang]] (''Dispholidus typus''), salah satu spesies kolubrid berbisa]] ''Etheridgeum'' {{columns-list\|colwidth=50em\| ''Macrocalamus'' * Genus ''[[Aeluroglena]]'' Boulenger, 1898 ** ''Pseudorabdion'' * Genus ''[[Aprosdoketophis]]'' Wallach, Lanza & Nistri, 2010 ** ''Rabdion'' * Genus ''[[Archelaphe]]'' Schulz, Böhme & Tillack, 2011 * Genus ''[[Argyrogena]]'' Werner, 1924 * Genus ''[[Arizona (genus)\|Arizona]]'' Kennicott, 1859 * Genus ''[[Bamanophis]]'' Schätti & Trape, 2008 * Genus ''[[Bogertophis]]'' Dowling & Price, 1988 * Genus ''[[Boiga]]'' Fitzinger, 1826 - [[Ular kucing]] * Genus ''[[Cemophora]]'' Cope, 1860 * Genus ''[[Chapinophis]]'' Campbell & Smith, 1998 * Genus ''[[Chironius]]'' Fitzinger, 1826 * Genus ''[[Coelognathus]]'' Fitzinger, 1843 - Ular tikus * Genus ''[[Coluber]]'' Linnaeus, 1758 * Genus ''[[Colubroelaps]]'' Orlov, Kharin, Ananjeva, Thien Tao & Quang Truong, 2009 * Genus ''[[Conopsis]]'' Günther, 1858 * Genus ''[[Coronella]]'' Laurenti, 1768 * Genus ''[[Crotaphopeltis]]'' Fitzinger, 1843 * Genus ''[[Dasypeltis]]'' Wagler, 1830 - Ular pemakan-telur Afrika * Genus ''[[Dendrophidion]]'' Fitzinger, 1843 * Genus ''[[Dipsadoboa]]'' Günther, 1858 * Genus ''[[Dispholidus]]'' Fitzsimons & Brain, 1958 - [[Boomslang]] * Genus ''[[Dolichophis]]'' Gistel, 1868 * Genus ''[[Drymarchon]]'' Fitzinger, 1843 * Genus ''[[Drymobius]]'' Fitzinger, 1843 * Genus ''[[Drymoluber]]'' Amaral, 1929 * Genus ''[[Eirenis]]'' Jan, 1862 * Genus ''[[Elaphe]]'' Fitzinger ''in'' Wagler, 1833 - [[Ular tikus]] * Genus ''[[Euprepiophis]]'' Fitzinger, 1843 * Genus ''[[Ficimia]]'' Gray, 1849 * Genus ''[[Geagras]]'' Cope, 1876 * Genus ''[[Gonyosoma]]'' Wagler, 1828 - Ular bajing * Genus ''[[Gyalopion]]'' Cope, 1860 * Genus ''[[Hapsidophrys]]'' Fischer, 1856 * Genus ''[[Hemerophis]]'' Schätti & Utiger, 2001 * Genus ''[[Hemorrhois]]'' Boie, 1826 * Genus ''[[Hierophis]]'' Fitzinger, 1843 * Genus ''[[Lampropeltis]]'' Fitzinger, 1843 * Genus ''[[Leptodrymus]]'' Amaral, 1927 * Genus ''[[Leptophis]]'' Bell, 1825 * Genus ''[[Liopeltis]]'' Fitzinger, 1843 * Genus ''[[Lycodon]]'' Fitzinger, 1826 - [[Ular serigala]] * Genus ''[[Lytorhynchus]]'' Peters, 1862 * Genus ''[[Macroprotodon]]'' Guichenot, 1850 * Genus ''[[Masticophis]]'' Baird & Girard, 1853 * Genus ''[[Mastigodryas]]'' Amaral, 1935 * Genus ''[[Meizodon]]'' Fischer, 1856 * Genus ''[[Mopanveldophis]]'' Figueroa, McKelvy, Grismer, Bell & Lailvaux, 2016 * Genus ''[[Muhtarophis]]'' Avcı, Ilgaz, Rajabizadeh, Yılmaz, Üzüm, Adriaens, Kumlutaş & Olgun, 2015 * Genus ''[[Oligodon]]'' Fitzinger, 1826 - [[Ular kukri]] * Genus ''[[Oocatochus]]'' Helfenberger, 2001 * Genus ''[[Opheodrys]]'' Fitzinger, 1843 * Genus ''[[Oreocryptophis]]'' Utiger, Schätti & Helfenberger, 2005 - [[Ular-bambu merah]] * Genus ''[[Orientocoluber]]'' Kharin, 2011 * Genus ''[[Oxybelis]]'' Wagler, 1830 * Genus ''[[Palusophis]]'' Montingelli, 2019 * Genus ''[[Pantherophis]]'' Fitzinger, 1843 * Genus ''[[Philothamnus]]'' Smith, 1840 * Genus ''[[Phrynonax]]'' Cope, 1862 * Genus ''[[Phyllorhynchus]]'' Stejneger, 1890 * Genus ''[[Pituophis]]'' Holbrook, 1842 * Genus ''[[Platyceps]]'' Blyth, 1860 * Genus ''[[Pseudelaphe]]'' Mertens & Rosenberg, 1943 * Genus ''[[Pseudoficimia]]'' Bocourt, 1883 * Genus ''[[Ptyas]]'' Fitzinger, 1843 - Ular tikus * Genus ''[[Rhamnophis]]'' Günther, 1862 * Genus ''[[Rhinobothryum]]'' Wagler, 1830 * Genus ''[[Rhinocheilus]]'' Baird & Girard, 1853 * Genus ''[[Rhynchocalamus]]'' Günther, 1864 * Genus ''[[Salvadora (genus)\|Salvadora]]'' Baird & Girard, 1853 * Genus ''[[Scaphiophis]]'' Peters, 1870 * Genus ''[[Scolecophis]]'' Fitzinger, 1843 * Genus ''[[Senticolis]]'' Campbell & Howell, 1965 * Genus ''[[Simophis]]'' Peters, 1860 * Genus ''[[Sonora (genus)\|Sonora]]'' Baird & Girard, 1843 * Genus ''[[Spalerosophis]]'' Jan, 1865 * Genus ''[[Spilotes]]'' Wagler, 1830 * Genus ''[[Stegonotus]]'' Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854 * Genus ''[[Stenorrhina]]'' Duméril, 1853 * Genus ''[[Stichophanes]]'' Wang, Messenger, Zhao & Zhu, 2014 * Genus ''[[Symphimus]]'' Cope, 1869 * Genus ''[[Sympholis]]'' Cope, 1861 * Genus ''[[Tantilla]]'' Baird & Girard, 1853 * Genus ''[[Tantillita]]'' Smith, 1941 * Genus ''[[Telescopus]]'' Wagler, 1830 * Genus ''[[Thelotornis]]'' Smith, 1849 * Genus ''[[Thrasops]]'' Hallowell, 1857 * Genus ''[[Toxicodryas]]'' Hallowell, 1857 * Genus ''[[Trimorphodon]]'' Cope, 1861 * Genus ''[[Wallaceophis]]'' Mirza, Vyas, Patel, Maheta & Sanap, 2016 * Genus ''[[Xenelaphis]]'' Günther, 1864 * Genus ''[[Xyelodontophis]]'' Broadley & Wallach, 2002 * Genus ''[[Zamenis]]'' Wagler, 1830 }} === Subfamilia [[Dipsadinae]] (Bonaparte, 1838) === Subfamily [[Colubrinae]] - Ada sekitar 100 genus {{main\|Dipsadinae}} === Subfamilia [[Grayiinae]] (Meirte, 1992) === Subfamily [[Dipsadinae]] * Genus ''[[Grayia]]'' Günther, 1858 === Subfamilia [[Natricinae]] (Bonaparte, 1838) === Subfamily [[Homalopsinae]] - Ular air Asia-Pasifik (Terkadang dipisah menjadi famili tersendiri, yakni ''Homalopsidae'') {{main\|Natricinae}} === Subfamilia [[Pseudoxenodontinae]] (McDowell, 1987) === Subfamily [[Natricinae]] - Ular rumput {{main\|Pseudoxenodontinae}} === Subfamilia [[Sibynophiinae]] (Dunn, 1928) === Subfamily [[Pareatinae]] - Ular siput Genus ''[[Scaphiodontophis]]'' Taylor & Smith, 1943 * Genus ''[[Sibynophis]]'' Fitzinger, 1843 === Tanpa Subfamilia (''[[incertae sedis]]'') === {{columns-list\|colwidth=50em\| * Genus ''[[Blythia]]'' Theobold, 1868 * Genus ''[[Elapoidis]]'' Boie, 1827 * Genus ''[[Gongylosoma]]'' Fitzinger, 1843 * Genus ''[[Lycognathophis]]'' Boulenger, 1893 * Genus ''[[Oreocalamus]]'' Boulenger, 1899 * Genus ''[[Poecilopholis]]'' Boulenger, 1903 * Genus ''[[Tetralepis]]'' Boettger, 1892 }} == Riwayat Taksonomi == Subfamily [[Xenodontiae]] Beberapa suku ular lain yang sebelumnya juga termasuk di dalam suku ini, yaitu: * ''Blythia'' * '''[[Homalopsidae]] - Ular air Indo-Australia''' ''Cercaspis'' ''~~Cyclocorus~~'[[Lamprophiidae]]''' * '''[[Pareatidae]] atau [[Pareidae]] - Ular siput''' ** ''Elapoidis'' * '''[[Xenodermatidae]] atau [[Xenodermidae]]''' ''Gongylosoma'' ''Haplocercus'' ''Helophis'' ''Myersophis'' ''Omoadiphas'' ''Oreocalamus'' ''Poecilopholis'' ''Rhabdops'' ''Tetralepis'' ''Thermophis'' ** ''Trachischium'' == Referensi == ~~{{hewan-stub}}~~ {{reflist}} ---- * Oppel, 1811 : ''Die Ordnungen, Familien und Gattungen der Reptilien, als Prodrom einer Naturgeschichte derselben''. J. Lindauer, München ([https://archive.org/details/dieordnungenfami00oppe lihat teks]) * [http://www.reptile-database.reptarium.cz/advanced_search?taxon=Colubridae&submit=Search Colubridae @ Reptile Database] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150525185142/http://reptile-database.reptarium.cz/advanced_search?submit=Search&taxon=Colubridae \|date=2015-05-25 }} * [http://www.reptileknowledge.com/squamata/colubridae.php Colubridae @ Reptile Knowledge] {{Taxonbar\|from=Q182751}} [[Kategori:Ular]] [[Kategori:~~Colubridae~~Reptil]]