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Pyongyang: Perbedaan antara revisi

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(35 revisi perantara oleh 20 pengguna tidak ditampilkan)
Baris 1:
{{Distinguish2|[[Kabupaten Pyonggang|Pyonggang]] atau [[Kabupaten Pyeongchang]]}}
{{redirect|Heijo||Heijo (disambiguasi)}}
{{Infobox settlement <!-- modelled after [[Seoul]] and [[Daegu]] -->
| name = P'yŏngyang{{raise|0.1em|Pyongyang}}
| native_name = 평양{{lower|0.1em|{{nobold|평양시}}}}
| native_name_lang = ko
| settlement_type = [[MunisipalitasKota dikontrol langsung#Republik Demokratik Rakyat Korea|Kota dikontrolyang diatur secara langsung]]
| official_name = P'yŏngyangKota yang Diatur Secara DirectlyLangsung GovernedPyongyang<br City/>{{nobold|평양직할시}}
| translit_lang1 = &nbsp;
| translit_lang1_type1 = [[Hangul|Chosŏn'Josŏn-gŭl]]
| translit_lang1_info1 = 평양 직할시 = {{linktext|평|양|직|할|시}}
| translit_lang1_type2 = [[Hanja|Hancha]]
| translit_lang1_info2 = {{lang|ko|{{linktext|平|壤|直轄市}}}}
| translit_lang1_type3 = {{nowrap|[[McCune-Reischauer]]}}
| translit_lang1_info3 = P'yŏngyang Chikhalsi
| translit_lang1_type4 = {{nowrap|[[RevisedAlih RomanizationAksara ofKorea Koreanyang Disempurnakan|RevisedAlih Aksara yang RomanizationDisempurnakan]]}}
| translit_lang1_info4 = Pyeongyang Jikhalsi
| nicknamemotto = <span style="line-height:1.5em;">Ryŏkdongchŏk Lotŏng (력동적 로동류경/柳京){{nbsp|2}}<small>([[KoreanBahasa languageKorea|KoreanKorea]])<br />"Tenaga Dynamic LaborsKerja Dinamis"</span>{{Citation needed lead|date=July 2016}}
| Slogan = <span style="line-height:1.5em;"> (류경/柳京){{nbsp|2}}<small>([[Korean language|Korean]])<br />" Dynamic Labors "</span>
 
<!-- images and maps -----------></small>
| image_skyline = Pyongyang montage.png
| imagesize = 300px
| image_caption = FromSearah topjarum leftjam dari kiri atas: PanoramaPyongyang P'yŏngyang,skyline dan [[MenaraSungai JucheTaedong]],; [[IstanaMenara MemorialJuche|Menara Kumsusan''Juche'']],; [[ArchPelengkung of TriumphKemenangan (Pyongyang)|ArchPelengkung of TriumphKemenangan]], [[Patung Reunifikasi]],; Makam dari [[Raja Dongmyeong dari Goguryeo|Raja Dongmyeong]],; &Puhŭng Station di [[BandaraPyongyang InternasionalMetro]]; Sunan[[Patung Reunifikasi]]; dan [[Gedung Peringatan Kumsusan]]
| image_map = {{maplink|frame=yes|plain=yes|frame-align=center|frame-width=280|type=shape|stroke-width=2|stroke-color=#000000|zoom=8}}
| image_map = Pyongyang North Korea.png
| map_caption = Peta Korea Utara menunjukkan lokasi Pyongyang
| mapsize =
| image_seal =
| map_caption =Map of North Korea with P'yŏngyang highlighted
| mapsize =
| image_map1 =
| image_map1 =
| mapsize1 =
| mapsize1 =
| map_caption1 =
| map_caption1 =
| image_dot_map =
| image_dot_map =
| dot_mapsize =
| dot_mapsize =
| dot_map_caption =
| dot_map_caption =
| dot_x =|dot_y =
| dot_x =
| pushpin_map = <!-- name of a location map as per Template:Location_map -->
| dot_y =
| pushpin_label_position = <!-- position of the pushpin label: left, right, top, bottom, none -->
| pushpin_relief = 1
| pushpin_map_caption =
| pushpin_map = North Korea#Asia<!-- name of a location map as per Template:Location_map -->
| pushpin_mapsize =
| pushpin_label_position = <!-- position of the pushpin label: left, right, top, bottom, none -->
<!-- Location ------------------>
| pushpin_map_caption =
| subdivision_type = [[Daftar negara di dunia|Negara]]
| pushpin_mapsize = <!-- Location ------------------>
| subdivision_name = {{Flag|North Korea}}
| subdivision_type = [[Daftar negara berdaulat|Negara]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[Region di Korea|Region]]
| subdivision_name = {{flag|Korea Utara}}
| subdivision_name1 = [[Pyongan|P'yŏngan]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[Daerah di Korea|Daerah]]
| subdivision_type2 =
| subdivision_name1 = [[Pyongan|P'yŏngan]]
| subdivision_name2 =
| subdivision_type2 =
| subdivision_type3 =
| subdivision_name2 = <!-- Smaller parts (e.g. boroughs of a city) and seat of government -->
| subdivision_name3 =
| seat_type =
| subdivision_type4 =
| seat =
| subdivision_name4 =
| parts_type = [[Pembagian administratif di Korea Utara#Divisi level kedua|Distrik]]
<!-- Smaller parts (e.g. boroughs of a city) and seat of government -->
| parts_style = <!-- =list (for list), coll (for collapsed list), para (for paragraph format)
| seat_type =
| seat =
| parts_type =[[Pembagian administratif di Korea Utara|Distrik]]
| parts_style = <!-- =list (for list), coll (for collapsed list), para (for paragraph format)
Default is list if up to 5 items, coll if more than 5-->
| parts = 1918 distrik (''guyŏk''), 4 county1 (''kun'')kabupaten
| p1 = [[Chung-guyok]]
| p2 = [[Pyongchon-guyok]]
| p3 = [[Potonggang-guyok]]
| p4 = [[Moranbong-guyok]]
| p5 = [[Sosong-guyok]]
| p6 = [[Songyo-guyok]]
| p7 = [[Tongdaewon-guyok]]
| p8 = [[Taedonggang-guyok]]
| p9 = [[Sadong-guyok]]
| p10 = [[Taesong-guyok]]
| p11 = [[Mangyongdae-guyok]]
| p12 = [[Hyongjesan-guyok]]
| p13 = [[Ryongsong-guyok]]
| p14 = [[Samsok-guyok]]
| p15 = [[SunghoRyokpo-guyok]]
| p16 = [[RyokpoNakrang-guyok]]
| p17 = [[NakrangSunan-guyok]]
| p18 = [[SunanUnjong-guyok]]
| p19 = [[UnjongKangdong-guyokgun]]
<!-- Politics ----------------->| government_footnotes =
| p20=[[Kangnam-gun]]
| government_type =
| p21=[[Chunghwa-gun]]
| leader_title =
| p22=[[Sangwon-gun]]
| leader_name = <!--add (no-break space) to leader names to disable automatic links-->
| p23=[[Kangdong-gun]]
| leader_title1 = Ketua Komite Rakyat Pyongyang
 
| leader_name1 = Cha Hui-rim<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Collins_PyongyangRepublic_FINAL_WEB.pdf|title=Pyongyang Republic, Robert Collins p. 54|access-date=2016-10-03|archive-date=2017-02-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202000628/https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Collins_PyongyangRepublic_FINAL_WEB.pdf|dead-url=no}}</ref>
<!-- Politics ----------------->
| leader_title2 = Sekretaris Partai Buruh Komite Kota Pyongyang Korea
| government_footnotes =
| leader_name2 = Kim Yong-hwan<ref name="auto"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nkleadershipwatch.wordpress.com/2014/05/06/the-secretarial-pool/|title=The Secretarial Pool|date=6 Mei 2014|access-date=2020-04-14|archive-date=2021-02-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210228103424/https://nkleadershipwatch.wordpress.com/2014/05/06/the-secretarial-pool/|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailynk.com/english/nk-media-reports-pyongyang-apartme/|title=NK Media Reports Pyongyang Apartment Collapse|date=18 Mei 2014|access-date=2020-04-14|archive-date=2020-08-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200831192004/https://www.dailynk.com/english/nk-media-reports-pyongyang-apartme/|dead-url=no}}</ref>
| government_type =
| leader_title3 =
| leader_title =
| leader_name3 =
| leader_name = <!--add (no-break space) to leader names to disable automatic links-->
| leader_title4 =
| leader_title1 =
| leader_name4 =
| leader_name1 =
| established_title = Ditemukan
| leader_title2 =
| established_date = 1122 SM
| leader_name2 =
| established_title1 = <!-- Incorporated (town) -->
| leader_title3 =
| established_date1 =
| leader_name3 =
| established_title2 = <!-- Incorporated (city) -->
| leader_title4 =
| established_date2 =
| leader_name4 =
| established_title3 =
| established_title = Didirikan
| established_date3 =
| established_date = 1122 B.C.
| founder =
| established_title1 = <!-- Incorporated (town) -->
| named_for = <!-- Area --------------------->
| established_date1 =
| established_title2area_magnitude = <!-- Incorporateduse only to set a special (city)wikilink -->
| unit_pref = <!--Enter: Imperial, to display imperial before metric-->
| established_date2 =
| area_footnotes =
| established_title3 =
| area_total_km2 = 3194 <!-- ALL fields with measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion-->
| established_date3 =
| area_land_km2 = <!--See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on unit conversion-->
| founder =
| area_water_km2 =
| named_for =
| area_total_dunam = <!--Used in Middle East articles only-->
<!-- Area --------------------->
| area_total_sq_mi =
| area_magnitude = <!-- use only to set a special wikilink -->
| area_land_sq_mi =
| unit_pref = <!--Enter: Imperial, to display imperial before metric-->
| area_water_sq_mi =
| area_footnotes =
| area_water_percent =
| area_total_km2 =3194 <!-- ALL fields with measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion-->
| area_urban_km2 =
| area_land_km2 = <!--See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on unit conversion-->
| area_urban_sq_mi =
| area_water_km2 =
| area_metro_km2 =
| area_total_dunam = <!--Used in Middle East articles only-->
| area_metro_sq_mi =
| area_total_sq_mi =
| area_blank1_title =
| area_land_sq_mi =
| area_blank1_km2 =
| area_water_sq_mi =
| area_blank1_sq_mi = <!-- Elevation -------------------------->
| area_water_percent =
| elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use <ref>tags-->
| area_urban_km2 =
| elevation_m = 38
| area_urban_sq_mi =
| elevation_ft =
| area_metro_km2 =
| elevation_max_m =
| area_metro_sq_mi =
| elevation_max_ft =
| area_blank1_title =
| elevation_min_m =
| area_blank1_km2 =
| elevation_min_ft = <!-- Population ----------------------->
| area_blank1_sq_mi =
| population_as_of = 2013
<!-- Elevation -------------------------->
| population_footnotes =
| elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use <ref>tags-->
| population_note =
| elevation_m = 27
| population_total = 2,581,076<ref>{{Citation | url = http://data.un.org/Data.aspx?q=city+population&d=POP&f=tableCode%3a240 | title = City population by sex, city and city type | publisher = [[United Nations Organization|UN]] | date = 11 February 2013 | accessdate = 12 July 2013 | archive-date = 2018-09-29 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180929074645/http://data.un.org/Data.aspx?q=city+population&d=POP&f=tableCode:240 | dead-url = no }}.</ref>
| elevation_ft =
| population_density_km2 = auto <!--For automatic calculation, any density field may contain: auto -->
| elevation_max_m =
| population_density_sq_mi =
| elevation_max_ft =
| population_metro =
| elevation_min_m =
| population_density_metro_km2 =
| elevation_min_ft =
| population_density_metro_sq_mi =
<!-- Population ----------------------->
| population_urban =
| population_as_of = 2008
| population_density_urban_km2 =
| population_footnotes =
| population_density_urban_sq_mi =
| population_note =
| population_blank1_title = Dialect
| population_total =3,855,388
| population_blank1 = [[Pyongan dialect|P'yŏngan]]
| population_density_km2 =auto <!--For automatic calculation, any density field may contain: auto -->
| population_density_blank1_km2 =
| population_density_sq_mi =
| population_density_blank1_sq_mi = <!-- General information --------------->
| population_metro =
| timezone =
| population_density_metro_km2 =
| utc_offset =
| population_density_metro_sq_mi =
| timezone_DST =
| population_urban =
| utc_offset_DST =
| population_density_urban_km2 =
| coor_pinpoint = <!-- can be used to specify exactly where/what the coordinates refer to -->
| population_density_urban_sq_mi =
| coordinates_type = type:city_region:KP
| population_blank1_title = Dialect
| coordinates_display = inline,title
| population_blank1 = [[Pyongan dialect|P'yŏngan]]
| latd = 39
| population_density_blank1_km2 =
| latm = 1
| population_density_blank1_sq_mi =
| lats = 10
<!-- General information --------------->
| latNS = N
| timezone =
| longd = 125
| utc_offset =
| longm = 44
| timezone_DST =
| longs = 17
| utc_offset_DST =
| longEW = E
| coor_pinpoint =<!-- can be used to specify exactly where/what the coordinates refer to -->
<!-- Area/postal codes & others -------->| postal_code_type = <!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... -->
| coordinates_type = type:city_region:KP
| postal_code =
| coordinates_display = inline,title
| latdarea_code = 39 |latm = 1 |lats = 10 |latNS = N
| longdtwin1 = 125 |longm = 44 |longs = 17 |longEW = E
| twin1_country =
<!-- Area/postal codes & others -------->
| twin2 =
| postal_code_type = <!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... -->
| twin2_country =
| postal_code =
| twin3 =
| area_code =
| twin3_country =
| twin1 =
| twin4 =
| twin1_country =
| twin4_country =
| twin2 =
| twin5 =
| twin2_country =
| twin5_country =
| twin3 =
| twin6 =
| twin3_country =
| twin6_country =
| twin4 =
| twin7 =
| twin4_country =
| twin7_country =
| twin5 =
| blank_name =
| twin5_country =
| blank_info =
| twin6 =
| blank1_name =
| twin6_country =
| blank1_info =
| twin7 =
| blank2_name =
| twin7_country =
| blank2_info =
| blank_name =
| blank3_name =
| blank_info =
| blank3_info =
| blank1_name =
| blank4_name =
| blank1_info =
| blank4_info =
| blank2_name =
| blank5_name =
| blank2_info =
| blank5_info =
| blank3_name =
| blank6_name =
| blank3_info =
| blank6_info =
| blank4_name =
| website =
| blank4_info =
| footnotes =
| blank5_name =
| blank5_info =
| blank6_name =
| blank6_info =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
{{stack end}}
'''Pyongyang''' ({{korean|context=north|hangul=평양|hanja={{lang|ko|平壤}}}}), {{IPA-ko|pʰjʌŋjaŋ}}, secara harfiah: "Tanah Datar" atau "Tanah Damai", disetujui: P’yŏngyang;<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=-280737&fid=3325&c=north_korea |title=P’yŏngyang: North Korea |work=Geographical Names |accessdate=16 June 2013 |archive-date=2016-08-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160827130832/http://www.geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=-280737&fid=3325&c=north_korea |dead-url=no }}</ref> varian lainnya<ref>For example: Heijō ({{cite web |url=http://www.geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=-268903&fid=3334&c=north_korea |title=Heijō: North Korea |accessdate=26 June 2013 |archive-date=2016-08-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160827193546/http://www.geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=-268903&fid=3334&c=north_korea |dead-url=no }}), Heijō-fu ({{cite web |url=http://www.geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=-268905&fid=3353&c=north_korea |title=Heijō-fu: North Korea |accessdate=26 June 2013 |archive-date=2016-08-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160827070316/http://www.geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=-268905&fid=3353&c=north_korea |dead-url=no }}), Heizyō ({{cite web |url=http://www.geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=-268917&fid=3381&c=north_korea |title=Heizyō: North Korea |accessdate=26 June 2013 |archive-date=2016-08-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160827193541/http://www.geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=-268917&fid=3381&c=north_korea |dead-url=no }}), Heizyō Hu ({{cite web |url=http://www.geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=-268918&fid=3325&c=north_korea |title=Heizyō Hu: North Korea |accessdate=26 June 2013 |archive-date=2016-08-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160827193537/http://www.geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=-268918&fid=3325&c=north_korea |dead-url=no }}), Hpyeng-yang ({{cite web |url=http://www.geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=-269384&fid=3353&c=north_korea |title=Hpyeng-yang: North Korea |accessdate=26 June 2013 |archive-date=2016-08-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160827191838/http://www.geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=-269384&fid=3353&c=north_korea |dead-url=no }}), P-hjöng-jang ({{cite web |url=http://www.geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=-279136&fid=3353&c=north_korea |title=P-hjöng-jang: North Korea |accessdate=26 June 2013 |archive-date=2016-08-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160827130757/http://www.geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=-279136&fid=3353&c=north_korea |dead-url=no }}), Phyeng-yang ({{cite web |url=http://www.geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=-279138&fid=3362&c=north_korea |title=Phyeng-yang: North Korea |accessdate=26 June 2013 |archive-date=2016-08-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160827191844/http://www.geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=-279138&fid=3362&c=north_korea |dead-url=no }}), Phyong-yang ({{cite web |url=http://www.geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=-279139&fid=3381&c=north_korea |title=Phyong-yang: North Korea |accessdate=26 June 2013 |archive-date=2016-08-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160827130809/http://www.geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=-279139&fid=3381&c=north_korea |dead-url=no }}), Pienyang ({{cite web |url=http://www.geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=-279152&fid=3353&c=north_korea |title=Pienyang: North Korea |accessdate=26 June 2013 |archive-date=2016-08-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160827132226/http://www.geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=-279152&fid=3353&c=north_korea |dead-url=no }}), Pingyang ({{cite web |url=http://www.geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=-279198&fid=3325&c=north_korea |title=Pingyang: North Korea |accessdate=26 June 2013 |archive-date=2016-08-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160827071507/http://www.geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=-279198&fid=3325&c=north_korea |dead-url=no }}), Pyengyang ({{cite web |url=http://www.geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=-280505&fid=3372&c=north_korea |title=Pyengyang: North Korea |accessdate=26 June 2013 |archive-date=2016-08-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160827130820/http://www.geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=-280505&fid=3372&c=north_korea |dead-url=no }})</ref>) dijuluki sebagai "'''Ibu Kota Revolusi'''" adalah ibu kota [[Korea Utara]], yang merupakan kota terbesar. Pyongyang terletak di {{convert|110|km|mi}} [[Sungai Taedong]] dari hulu [[Laut Kuning|Laut Korea Barat]] dan, menurut hasil awal dari sensus penduduk 2008, memiliki populasi 3.255.388.<ref name="Nkorea2008">[http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/2010_PHC/North_Korea/2008_North_Korea_Census.pdf United Nations Statistics Division; Preliminary results of the 2008 Census of Population of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea conducted on 1–15 October 2008 ('''pdf-file''')] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090325102712/http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/2010_PHC/North_Korea/2008_North_Korea_Census.pdf |date=2009-03-25 }} Retrieved on 2009-03-01.</ref> Kota ini dibagi dari provinsi [[Pyongan Selatan]] pada 1946. Ini diberikan sebagai [[Kota khusus di Korea Utara|kota yang diatur secara langsung]] (''chikhalsi'', 직할시) pada tingkat yang sama seperti pemerintah provinsi, sebagai lawan dari [[Kota khusus di Korea Selatan|kota khusus]] (''teukbyeolsi'', 특별시) seperti [[Seoul]] di [[Korea Selatan]].
 
Pyongyang adalah salah satu kota tertua di Korea.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=P’yŏngyang {{!}} national capital, North Korea {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Pyongyang|website=www.britannica.com|language=en|access-date=2022-08-12|archive-date=2019-04-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190404043358/https://www.britannica.com/place/Pyongyang|dead-url=no}}</ref> Kota ini adalah ibu kota dua kerajaan Korea kuno, [[Gojoseon]] dan [[Goguryeo]], dan berfungsi sebagai ibu kota sekunder [[Dinasti Goryeo|Goryeo]]. Setelah pendirian Korea Utara pada tahun 1948, Pyongyang menjadi ibu kota ''de facto''. Kota ini kembali hancur selama [[Perang Korea]], tetapi dengan cepat dibangun kembali setelah perang berkat bantuan [[Uni Soviet]].
[[Berkas:NK-pyongyang3.png|thumb|200px|Peta Korea Utara menunjukkan lokasi Pyongyang]]
'''P'yŏngyang''' adalah [[ibu kota]] [[Korea Utara]] yang terletak di barat laut negara itu, dekat dengan [[Sungai Taedong]].
 
== Nama ==
Pada tahun 1993, jumlah penduduk Pyongyang sebanyak 2.741.260. Kota ini secara administratif setara dengan pemerintahan provinsi.
"Pyongyang" secara harfiah berarti "Tanah Datar" dalam [[Bahasa Korea|Korea]]. Satu dari beberapa nama bersejarah Pyongyang adalah ''Ryugyong'' (<span lang="ko">류경; 柳京</span>), atau "ibu kota pohon dedalu", seperti [[Dedalu|pohon dedalu]] yang selalu banyak sepanjang sejarah kota; ini menjadi inspirasi bagi sejumlah puisi. Bahkan saat ini, kota ini memiliki banyak [[Dedalu|pohon dedalu]], dengan banyak bangunan dan tempat-tempat yang memiliki "''Ryugyŏng''" di nama mereka. Yang paling terkenal adalah [[Hotel Ryugyong]], selesai pada 2011. Nama bersejarah lain dari kota ini adalah ''Kisong'', ''Hwangsong'', ''Rakrang'', ''Sŏgyong'', ''Sodo'', ''Hogyong'', ''Changan'', dan ''Heijo'' (selama [[Penjajahan Jepang di Korea]]).{{Citation needed|date=May 2011}} Selama awal abad ke-20, Pyongyang menjadi dikenal di kalangan misionaris sebagai "[[Yerusalem]] Timur", karena status sejarahnya merupakan benteng pertahanan [[Kristen]], bernama [[Protestanisme]].<ref name=AsiaTimesNick>{{cite web|url=http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Korea/GC16Dg03.html|last=Lankov|first=Andrei|title=North Korea's missionary position|work=Asia Times Online|date=16 March 2005|quote=By the early 1940s Pyongyang was by far the most Protestant of all major cities of Korea, with some 25–30% of its adult population being church-going Christians. In missionary circles this earned the city the nickname "Jerusalem of the East".|accessdate=25 January 2013|archive-date=2018-02-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180202232508/http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Korea/GC16Dg03.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref name=DailyBeastNick>{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/newsweek/2007/09/15/prayer-in-pyongyang.html|last=Caryl|first=Christian|title=Prayer In Pyongyang|work=The Daily Beast|publisher=The Newsweek/Daily Beast Co|date=15 September 2007|quote=It's hard to say how many covert Christians the North has; estimates range from the low tens of thousands to 100,000. Christianity came to the peninsula in the late 19th century. Pyongyang, in fact, was once known as the 'Jerusalem of the East.'|accessdate=25 January 2013|archive-date=2012-05-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120523004545/http://www.thedailybeast.com/newsweek/2007/09/15/prayer-in-pyongyang.html|dead-url=no}}</ref>
 
Setelah [[Kematian dan pemakaman negara Kim Il-sung|kematian Kim Il-sung]] pada 1994, beberapa anggota dari faksi [[Kim Jong-il]] mengusulkan mengubah nama Pyongyang menjadi "Kota Kim Il-sung" ({{lang|ko|김일성시}}), tetapi beberapa yang lain mengusulkan bahwa Korea Utara harus mulai memanggil Seoul sebagai "Kota Kim Il-sung" dan sebaliknya memberikan Pyongyang julukan "Kota Kim Jong-il", dan pada akhirnya usulan tidak dilaksanakan.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.dailynk.com/english/read.php?cataId=nk01300&num=58|title=Pyongyang was to become 'Kim Il Sung City'; The followers of Kim Jong Il suggested the idea|work=[[Daily NK]]|date=2005-02-21|accessdate=2014-10-04|archive-date=2014-10-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006134507/http://www.dailynk.com/english/read.php?cataId=nk01300&num=58|dead-url=no}}</ref>
 
== Pra-sejarah ==
Pada 1955, arkeolog menggali bukti pendudukan prasejarah di sebuah desa kuno besar di wilayah Pyongyang, yang disebut Kŭmtan-ni, merujuk ke [[Zaman Tembikar Jeulmun|Chŭlmun]] dan [[Zaman Tembikar Mumun]].<ref>National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage. 2001. Geumtan-ri. ''Hanguk Gogohak Sajeon'' [Dictionary of Korean Archaeology], pp. 148–149. NRICH, Seoul. ISBN 89-5508-025-5</ref> Korea Utara mengaitkan Pyongyang dengan "[[Asadal]]" ({{lang|ko|아사달}}), atau ''[[Wanggeom-seong|Wanggomsŏng]]'' ({{lang|ko|왕검성; 王儉城}}), ibukota seribu tahun pertama SM dari kerajaan [[Gojoseon]] menurut buku-buku sejarah Korea, terutama ''[[Samguk Yusa]]''. Banyak sejarawan Korea Selatan {{who|date= Juni 2011}} menolak klaim ini karena buku-buku sejarah Korea lainnya seperti Guanzi, Sanhaijing, Shiji, dan Sanguozhi tempat Asadal di sekitar [[Sungai Liao]] yang terletak di barat [[Manchuria]]. Hubungan antara keduanya mungkin telah ditegaskan oleh Korea Utara untuk penggunaan propaganda. Namun demikian, Pyongyang menjadi kota utama di bawah Gojoseon.
 
[[Berkas:Changwang Street in Pyongyang.jpg|thumb|200px|Jalan raya di Pyongyang]]
[[Berkas:Lhasa_from_Potala_place.JPG|thumb|300px|Kawasan Suci Pyongyang.]]
== Sejarah ==
Menurut legenda, Pyongyang dibangun tahun 2333 Sebelum Masehi. Dia merupakan kota utama Dinasti Go-Joseon. [[Goguryeo]] memindahkan ibukotanya disini tahun 427. [[Kerajaan Tang]] dan [[Silla]] bersekutu dan mengalahkan Goguryeo tahun [[668]]. Pada tahun 676, Pyongyang dikuasai oleh Silla.
[[Berkas:De daken van Pyongyang Gezicht op de daken van eenvoudige, dicht op elkaar gebouwde huizen, Pyongyang, Noord-Korea, RP-F-2000-9-51.jpg|kiri|jmpl|Pyongyang pada tahun 1907]]
Setelah [[Perang Korea]], kota ini dengan cepat dibangun kembali dengan bantuan dari Uni Soviet , dan banyak bangunan dibangun dengan gaya arsitektur Stalinis . Rencana kota modern Pyongyang pertama kali ditampilkan untuk dilihat publik di gedung teater. Kim Jung-hee, salah satu anggota pendiri Aliansi Arsitek Korea, yang pernah belajar arsitektur di Jepang sebelum perang , ditunjuk oleh Kim Il Sung untuk merancang rencana induk kota. Institut Arsitektur Moskow , merancang "Rencana Rekonstruksi dan Konstruksi Kota Pyongyang yang Komprehensif" pada tahun 1951, dan secara resmi diadopsi pada tahun 1953. Transformasi menjadi kota modern yang dirancang propaganda yang disebut arsitektur gaya Stalin dengan pengaturan gaya Korea (dan modernis lainnya arsitektur yang konon sangat dipengaruhi oleh arsitek Brasil Oscar Niemeyer ) dimulai.Dalam Konstitusi 1972 secara resmi dinyatakan sebagai ibu kota.
[[Berkas:Pyonghattan development, Changjon Street, Pyongyang.jpg|jmpl|Pyongyang di masa modern]]
Pada tahun 2001, pihak berwenang Korea Utara memulai program modernisasi jangka panjang. Kementerian Pembangunan Pembangunan Ibu Kota termasuk dalam Kabinet pada tahun itu. Pada tahun 2006, saudara ipar Kim Jong-il, [[Jang Sung-taek|Jang Song-thaek]], mengambil alih kementerian tersebut.
 
Pyongyang, bersama Seoul, meluncurkan tawaran untuk menjadi tuan rumah Olimpiade Musim Panas 2032 , tetapi gagal membuat daftar kandidat kota bersama.
==Lihat juga==
 
== Geografi ==
Pyongyang berada di bagian barat-tengah Korea Utara; kota ini terletak di dataran datar sekitar 50 kilometer (31 mil) timur [[Teluk Korea]], lengan [[Laut Kuning]]. [[Sungai Taedong]] mengalir ke barat daya melalui kota menuju Teluk Korea. Dataran Pyongyang, tempat kota itu berada, adalah salah satu dari dua dataran besar di pantai barat semenanjung Korea, yang lainnya adalah dataran Chaeryong. Keduanya memiliki luas sekitar 500 kilometer persegi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=About this Collection {{!}} Country Studies {{!}} Digital Collections {{!}} Library of Congress|url=https://www.loc.gov/collections/country-studies/about-this-collection/|website=Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA|access-date=2022-08-12|archive-date=2012-07-15|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120715023937/http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/altoc.html|dead-url=no}}</ref>
 
== Status administrasi dan divisi ==
[[Berkas:Laika ac Pyongyang (7975203722).jpg|jmpl|Pemandangan kota Pyongyang, [[Jembatan Okryu]] dan [[Hotel Ryugyong]].]]
P'yŏngyang dibagi menjadi 19 kawasan (''ku-'' atau ''guyŏk'') ''(kota tepat)'' dan 2 kabupaten (''kun'' atau ''gun'').<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nk.chosun.com/map/map.html?ACT=geo_01|title=행정구역현황 (''Haengjeong Guyeok Hyeonhwang'')|work=NK Chosun|accessdate=10 January 2006|archive-date=2006-01-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060109202822/http://nk.chosun.com/map/map.html?ACT=geo_01|dead-url=yes}} Also [http://www.xzqh.org/waiguo/asia/1002.htm Administrative divisions of North Korea] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041018022439/http://www.xzqh.org/waiguo/asia/1002.htm |date=2004-10-18 }} (used as reference for hanja)</ref>
 
{{col-begin}}{{col-break}}
* [[Chung-guyok]] ({{lang|ko-Hang|중구역}}; {{lang|ko-Hani|中區域}})
* [[Pyongchon-guyok]] ({{lang|ko-Hang|평천구역}}; {{lang|ko-Hani|平川區域}})
* [[Potonggang-guyok]] ({{lang|ko-Hang|보통강구역}}; {{lang|ko-Hani|普通江區域}})
* [[Moranbong-guyok]] ({{lang|ko-Hang|모란봉구역}}; {{lang|ko-Hani|牡丹峰區域}})
* [[Sŏsŏng-guyŏk]] ({{lang|ko-Hang|서성구역}}; {{lang|ko-Hani|西城區域}})
* [[Songyo-guyok]] ({{lang|ko-Hang|선교구역}}; {{lang|ko-Hani|船橋區域}})
* [[Tongdaewŏn-guyŏk]] ({{lang|ko-Hang|동대원구역}}; {{lang|ko-Hani|東大院區域}})
* [[Taedonggang-guyŏk]] ({{lang|ko-Hang|대동강구역}}; {{lang|ko-Hani|大同江區域}}) {{nb5}}
* [[Sadong-guyŏk]] ({{lang|ko-Hang|사동구역}}; {{lang|ko-Hani|寺洞區域}})
* [[Taesong-guyok]] ({{lang|ko-Hang|대성구역}}; {{lang|ko-Hani|大城區域}})
{{col-break}}
* [[Mangyongdae-guyok]] ({{lang|ko-Hang|만경대구역}}; {{lang|ko-Hani|萬景台區域}})
* [[Hyongjesan-guyok]] ({{lang|ko-Hang|형제산구역}}; {{lang|ko-Hani|兄弟山區域}})
* [[Ryongsong-guyok]] ({{lang|ko-Hang|룡성구역}}; {{lang|ko-Hani|龍城區域}})
* [[Samsok-guyok]] ({{lang|ko-Hang|삼석구역}}; {{lang|ko-Hani|三石區域}})
* [[Ryokpo-guyok]] ({{lang|ko-Hang|력포구역}}; {{lang|ko-Hani|力浦區域}})
* [[Rakrang-guyok]] ({{lang|ko-Hang|락랑구역}}; {{lang|ko-Hani|樂浪區域}})
* [[Sunan-guyŏk]] ({{lang|ko-Hang|순안구역}}; {{lang|ko-Hani|順安區域}})
* [[Unjong-guyok]] ({{lang|ko-Hang|은정구역}}; {{lang|ko-Hani|恩情區域}})
* [[Kabupaten Kangdong]] ({{lang|ko-Hang|강동군}}; {{lang|ko-Hani|江東郡}})
{{col-end}}
 
Laporan media asing pada tahun 2010 menyatakan bahwa [[Kangnam-gun]], [[Chunghwa-gun]], [[Sangwŏn-gun]], dan [[Sŭngho-guyŏk]] telah ditransfer ke administrasi dari provinsi tetangga [[Hwanghae Utara]].<ref>{{citation|url=http://www.asahi.com/english/TKY201007160470.html|periodical=[[Asahi Shinbun]]|date=17 July 2010|accessdate=19 July 2010|title=Pyongyang now more than one-third smaller; food shortage issues suspected|archive-date=2012-05-26|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120526204201/http://www.asahi.com/english/TKY201007160470.html|dead-url=no}}</ref>
 
== Ekonomi ==
[[Berkas:DPRK - (26081027877).png|jmpl|232x232px|Gedung tinggi di pusat kota Pyongyang]]
Pyongyang adalah pusat industri Korea Utara.<ref name=":0" /> Berkat melimpahnya sumber daya alam seperti [[batu bara]], [[besi]], dan [[Gamping|batu kapur]], serta sistem transportasi darat dan air yang baik, Pyongyang menjadi kota industri pertama di Korea Utara setelah Perang Korea. Industri ringan dan berat sama-sama hadir dan berkembang secara paralel. Manufaktur berat termasuk [[semen]], keramik industri, amunisi dan senjata, tetapi teknik mesin tetap menjadi inti dari industri ini. Industri ringan di Pyongyang dan sekitarnya termasuk tekstil, alas kaki, makanan, dan sebagainya. Penekanan khusus diberikan pada produksi dan pasokan produk segar serta tanaman tambahan bagi pertanian di pinggiran kota. Tanaman lainnya termasuk [[beras]], [[jagung manis]], dan [[kedelai]]. Pyongyang bertujuan untuk mencapai swasembada dalam produksi daging. Fasilitas dengan kepadatan tinggi memelihara babi, ayam, dan ternak lainnya.<ref name=":0" />
 
Dua [[pembangkit listrik]] – Pembangkit Listrik Huichon 1 dan 2 – dibangun di [[Chagang|Provinsi Chagang]] dan memasok listrik ke kota melalui jalur transmisi langsung. Fase kedua dari proyek perluasan jaringan listrik diluncurkan pada Januari 2013, terdiri dari serangkaian [[bendungan]] kecil di sepanjang Sungai Chongchon.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-04-27|title=NK Briefs|url=http://ifes.kyungnam.ac.kr/eng/FRM/FRM_0101V.aspx?code=FRM141219_0001|website=web.archive.org|access-date=2022-08-12|archive-date=2015-04-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150427143900/http://ifes.kyungnam.ac.kr/eng/FRM/FRM_0101V.aspx?code=FRM141219_0001|dead-url=unfit}}</ref> Selain itu, Pyongyang memiliki beberapa [[pembangkit listrik termal]] yang sudah ada atau yang masih dalam tahap perencanaan.<ref>{{Cite web|last=North|first=38|date=2014-11-25|title=Pyongyang's Perpetual Power Problems|url=https://www.38north.org/2014/11/cmelvin112514/|website=38 North|language=en|access-date=2022-08-12|archive-date=2022-10-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221009043509/https://www.38north.org/2014/11/cmelvin112514/|dead-url=no}}</ref>
 
== Transportasi ==
[[Berkas:Pyongyang Metro-1.jpg|kiri|jmpl|[[Pyongyang Metro]]]]
[[Berkas:Pyongyang Trolly Buses (11418780435).jpg|jmpl|[[Bus troli]] di Pyongyang]]
Jaringan [[Pyongyang Metro|metro]], [[trem]], dan [[bus troli]] digunakan oleh masyarakat Pyongyang sebagai sarana utama transportasi perkotaan.<ref name=":0" /> [[Jalur sepeda]] diperkenalkan di jalan raya utama pada Juli 2015.<ref>{{Cite web|title=North Korea installs bike lanes in Pyongyang|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/northkorea/11737632/North-Korea-installs-bike-lanes-in-Pyongyang.html|website=www.telegraph.co.uk|access-date=2022-08-12|archive-date=2022-08-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220812091548/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/northkorea/11737632/North-Korea-installs-bike-lanes-in-Pyongyang.html|dead-url=no}}</ref> Terdapat mobil juga di kota ini walaupun relatif sedikit. Mobil adalah simbol status di negara ini karena sangat langka akibat pembatasan impor karena sanksi internasional dan peraturan domestik.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-07-11|title=In Kim's North Korea, Cars Are Scarce Symbols of Power, Wealth - Bloomberg|url=http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=a31VJVRxcJ1Y|website=web.archive.org|access-date=2022-08-12|archive-date=2015-07-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150711092838/http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=a31VJVRxcJ1Y|dead-url=unfit}}</ref> Beberapa jalan juga dilaporkan dalam kondisi buruk.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Fisher|first=Max|date=2012-04-16|title=North Korean Press Bus Takes a Wrong Turn, Opening Another Crack in the Hermit Kingdom|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2012/04/north-korean-press-bus-takes-a-wrong-turn-opening-another-crack-in-the-hermit-kingdom/255955/|website=The Atlantic|language=en-US|access-date=2022-08-12|archive-date=2022-08-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220812091548/https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2012/04/north-korean-press-bus-takes-a-wrong-turn-opening-another-crack-in-the-hermit-kingdom/255955/|dead-url=no}}</ref> Namun, pada tahun 2018, Pyongyang mulai mengalami kemacetan lalu lintas.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Andrew Salmon|date=2018-12-04|title=Going native in the Hermit Kingdom|url=https://asiatimes.com/2018/12/going-native-in-the-hermit-kingdom/|website=Asia Times|language=en-US|access-date=2022-08-12|archive-date=2022-09-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220926011024/https://asiatimes.com/2018/12/going-native-in-the-hermit-kingdom/|dead-url=no}}</ref>
[[Berkas:Flughafen Sunan, 평양순안국제공항, DPRK (22940961496).jpg|jmpl|[[Bandar Udara Internasional Sunan|Bandar Udara Internasional Pyongyang Sunan]]]]
[[Air Koryo]] adalah maskapai nasional negara ini dan memiliki jadwal penerbangan internasional dari [[Bandar Udara Internasional Sunan|Bandara Internasional Pyongyang Sunan]] ke [[Bandar Udara Internasional Ibu Kota Beijing|Beijing]] (PEK), [[Bandar Udara Internasional Taoxian Shenyang|Shenyang]] (SHE), [[Bandar Udara Internasional Vladivostok|Vladivostok]] (VVO), [[Bandar Udara Internasional Pudong Shanghai|Shanghai]] (PVG), dan [[Dandong]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-12-07|title=Air Koryo opens new office selling tickets for third country travel {{!}} NK News|url=https://www.nknews.org/2016/12/air-koryo-opens-new-office-selling-tickets-for-third-country-travel/|website=NK News - North Korea News|language=en-US|access-date=2022-08-12|archive-date=2022-08-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220816140919/https://www.nknews.org/2016/12/air-koryo-opens-new-office-selling-tickets-for-third-country-travel/|dead-url=no}}</ref> Satu-satunya destinasi dalam negeri adalah [[Hamhung]], [[Wŏnsan|Wonsan]], [[Chongjin]], [[Hyesan]], dan [[Samjiyon]]. Sejak 31 Maret 2008, [[Air China]] meluncurkan layanan reguler antara Beijing dan Pyongyang,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-04-15|title=国航开通北京至平壤航线(组图)- 手机新浪网|url=http://log.newsapi.sina.cn/wapcms/html/?said=t134d47151v76&sd=mil|website=web.archive.org|access-date=2022-08-12|archive-date=2017-04-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170415201308/http://log.newsapi.sina.cn/wapcms/html/?said=t134d47151v76&sd=mil|dead-url=unfit}}</ref> meskipun penerbangan ini sering dibatalkan karena kurangnya penumpang.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-04-15|title=国航17日起暂停平壤航线 _手机新浪网|url=https://news.sina.cn/2017-04-14/detail-ifyeimqc3767911.d.html?from=wap&HTTPS=1|website=web.archive.org|access-date=2022-08-12|archive-date=2017-04-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170415201412/https://news.sina.cn/2017-04-14/detail-ifyeimqc3767911.d.html?from=wap&HTTPS=1|dead-url=unfit}}</ref>
 
Pyongyang merupakan pusat transportasi Korea Utara: ia memiliki jaringan jalanan, kereta api, dan rute udara yang menghubungkannya ke tujuan asing dan domestik. Ini adalah titik awal jalan raya antar daerah yang mencapai Nampo, Wonsan dan Kaesong.<ref name=":0" /> [[Stasiun Pyongyang|Stasiun kereta api Pyongyang]] melayani jalur-jalur kereta api utama. Layanan kereta api internasional reguler ke [[Beijing]], [[Dandong]], dan [[Moskwa|Moskow]] juga tersedia.
 
== Pendidikan ==
[[Berkas:Kim Il-sung University.jpg|jmpl|[[Universitas Kim Il-sung]]]]
[[Universitas Kim Il-sung]] adalah universitas tertua di Korea Utara, didirikan pada tahun 1946.<ref name=":0" /> Universitas ini memiliki 21 fakultas, 4 lembaga penelitian, dan 10 unit universitas lainnya.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-06-30|title=Faculties - KIM IL SUNG UNIVERSITY|url=http://www.ryongnamsan.edu.kp/univ/en/about/organization/faculties|website=web.archive.org|access-date=2022-08-12|archive-date=2022-06-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220630235255/http://www.ryongnamsan.edu.kp/univ/en/about/organization/faculties|dead-url=unfit}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-06-30|title=Research Institutes - KIM IL SUNG UNIVERSITY|url=http://www.ryongnamsan.edu.kp/univ/en/about/organization/institutes|website=web.archive.org|access-date=2022-08-12|archive-date=2022-06-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220630235605/http://www.ryongnamsan.edu.kp/univ/en/about/organization/institutes|dead-url=unfit}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-06-30|title=Units - KIM IL SUNG UNIVERSITY|url=http://www.ryongnamsan.edu.kp/univ/en/about/organization/units|website=web.archive.org|access-date=2022-08-12|archive-date=2022-06-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220630235645/http://www.ryongnamsan.edu.kp/univ/en/about/organization/units|dead-url=unfit}}</ref> Ini termasuk pendidikan dokter dasar dan unit pelatihan tenaga kesehatan, perguruan tinggi kedokteran; fakultas fisika yang mencakup berbagai studi termasuk [[Fisika teori|fisika teoretis]], ilmu optik, [[geofisika]], dan [[astrofisika]];<ref>{{Cite web|date=2014-12-13|title=Ryongnamsan|url=http://www.ryongnamsan.edu.kp/univ/intro/college_fac|website=web.archive.org|access-date=2022-08-12|archive-date=2014-12-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141213095015/http://www.ryongnamsan.edu.kp/univ/intro/college_fac|dead-url=unfit}}</ref> sebuah lembaga energi atom dan firma hukum terbesar di negara ini (Kantor Hukum Ryongnamsan).<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-06-30|title=Ryongnamsan Law Office - KIM IL SUNG UNIVERSITY|url=http://www.ryongnamsan.edu.kp/univ/en/about/organization/units/legal-service|website=web.archive.org|access-date=2022-08-12|archive-date=2022-06-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220630235817/http://www.ryongnamsan.edu.kp/univ/en/about/organization/units/legal-service|dead-url=unfit}}</ref> Universitas ini juga memiliki lembaga penerbit sendiri, klub olahraga ([[Klub Olahraga Ryongnamsan|Ryongnamsan Sports Club]]), museum revolusioner, museum alam, perpustakaan, pusat kebugaran, kolam renang dalam ruangan, dan asrama.
 
Lembaga pendidikan tinggi lainnya termasuk [[Universitas Teknologi Kim Chaek]], [[Universitas Musik dan Tari Pyongyang]], dan [[Universitas Studi Asing Pyongyang]]. [[Universitas Sains dan Teknologi Pyongyang]] (PUST) adalah universitas swasta pertama di negara itu di mana sebagian besar dosennya adalah orang [[Amerika Serikat]], dan pembelajaran dilakukan dalam bahasa Inggris.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2014-02-03|title=Inside North Korea's Western-funded university|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-25945931|newspaper=BBC News|language=en-GB|access-date=2022-08-12|archive-date=2018-06-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180605022138/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-25945931|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Chandler|first=Michael Alison|date=2011-10-08|title=In North Korea, a Western-backed university|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/education/private-university-in-north-korea-offers-lessons-in-science-and-world-peace/2011/07/25/gIQAQ5lPSL_story.html|newspaper=Washington Post|language=en-US|issn=0190-8286|access-date=2022-08-12|archive-date=2022-05-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522091910/https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/education/private-university-in-north-korea-offers-lessons-in-science-and-world-peace/2011/07/25/gIQAQ5lPSL_story.html|dead-url=no}}</ref>
 
== Pemandangan kota ==
<gallery widths="170" heights="120" class="center">
Berkas:Juche Tower (7399212056).jpg|[[Menara Juche]], monumen atas filosofi ''[[Juche]]'' (kemandirian)
Berkas:L9998918-2.jpg|[[Pelengkung Kemenangan (Pyongyang)|Pelengkung Kemenangan]]
Berkas:Arch of Reunification.jpg|[[Gapura Penyatuan Kembali]]
Berkas:Party-Foundation-Monument.jpg|[[Monumen Pendirian Partai]]
Berkas:Dprk pyongyang kim mausoley view 05.jpg|[[Istana Matahari Kumsusan]]
Berkas:Tomb of King Tongmyong, Pyongyang, North Korea-1.jpg|[[Makam Raja Tongmyŏng]]
Berkas:Victorious Fatherland Liberation War Museum and Ryugyong Hotel (11342673725).jpg|[[Hotel Ryugyong]] (kiri) dan [[Monumen Kemenangan Perang Pembebasan Tanah Air]] (kanan)
Berkas:Ryomyong Street.png|[[Kota Baru Ryomyong]]
Berkas:Mirae Scientists Street.jpg|[[Jalan Ilmuwan Mirae]]
Berkas:Views from Yanggakdo International Hotel 10a.JPG|[[Stadion Hari Buruh Rungrado]]
</gallery>
 
== Kota kembar ==
Pyongyang adalah kota kembar dengan:
*{{flagicon|NEP|size=15px}} [[Kathmandu]], [[Nepal]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mofa.gov.np/en/nepal-north-korea-relations-90.html |title=Bilateral Relations (Nepal–North Korea) |publisher=Government of Nepal&nbsp;Ministry of Foreign Affairs |accessdate=8 September 2013 |archive-date=2015-07-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150703082926/http://www.mofa.gov.np/en/nepal-north-korea-relations-90.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
*{{Flagdeco|Russia|size=23px}} [[Moskwa]], [[Rusia]]
*{{Flagdeco|Tiongkok|size=23px}} [[Tianjin]], [[Tiongkok]]<ref>First China-DPRK sister cities meeting held in Pyongyang [http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/90001/90776/90883/6656320.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130906231709/http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/90001/90776/90883/6656320.html |date=2013-09-06 }}.</ref>
*{{flagicon|IRQ}} [[Baghdad]], [[Irak]]
*{{flagicon|INA}} [[Jakarta]], [[Indonesia]]
*{{flagicon|THA}} [[Chiang Mai]], [[Thailand]]
*{{flagicon|BLR}} [[Minsk]], [[Belarus]]
 
== Lihat juga ==
* [[Pyongyang Metro]]
 
== Pranala luar ==
{{commons|Pyongyang}}
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}
 
== Referensi ==
{{commons}}
 
{{Ibu kota di Asia}}
{{negara-geo-stub|Korea Utara}}
 
[[Kategori:Pyongyang| ]]
[[Kategori:Kota di Korea Utara]]
[[Kategori:Pyongyang| {{PAGENAME}}]]
Diperoleh dari "https://wiki-indonesia.club/wiki/Pyongyang"