YouTube: Perbedaan antara revisi

== Sejarah perusahaan ==

{{Main|Sejarah YouTube}}

YouTube didirikan oleh [[Chad Hurley]], [[Steve Chen]], dan [[Jawed Karim]], yang sebelumnya merupakan karyawan pertama [[PayPal]].<ref name="usatoday">{{Cite news|url = http://www.usatoday.com/tech/news/techinnovations/2005-11-21-video-websites_x.htm|title = Video websites pop up, invite postings|work = USA Today|date = November 21, 2005|accessdate =July 28, 2006|last = Graham|first = Jefferson}}</ref> Hurley belajar desain di [[Indiana University of Pennsylvania]], sementara Chen dan Karim belajar [[ilmu komputer]] di [[University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign]].<ref>{{cite web|title=YouTube: Sharing Digital Camera Videos |publisher=[[University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign]]| url =http://www.cs.uiuc.edu/news/articles.php?id=2006Feb3-126|accessdate=November 29, 2008 }}</ref>

 

Video pertama di YouTube berjudul ''[[Me at the zoo]]''. Video ini menampilkan pendiri pendamping Jawed Karim di [[San Diego Zoo]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=YouTube: Overnight success has sparked a backlash|author=Alleyne, Richard|work=The Daily Telegraph|location=London |url =http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/2480280/YouTube-Overnight-success-has-sparked-a-backlash.html|accessdate=January 17, 2009 |date=July 31, 2008}}</ref> Video ini diunggah pada tanggal 23 April 2005 dan masih ada sampai sekarang di situs ini.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://youtube.com/watch?v=jNQXAC9IVRw|title=Me at the zoo|publisher=YouTube|date=April 23, 2005|accessdate=August 3, 2009}}</ref>

 

 

YouTube menawarkan [[uji beta]] pada Mei 2005, enam bulan sebelum peluncuran resmi pada November 2005. Pertumbuhan situs ini meroket dan pada bulan Juli 2006, perusahaan ini mengumumkan bahwa lebih dari 65.000 video diunggah setiap harinya dan situs ini menerima 100 juta kunjungan video per hari.<ref>{{Cite news|title=YouTube serves up 100 million videos a day online|url=http://www.usatoday.com/tech/news/2006-07-16-youtube-views_x.htm|work=USA Today|date=July 16, 2006|accessdate=November 29, 2008}}</ref> Menurut data yang dikumpulkan perusahaan [[riset pasar]] [[comScore]], YouTube adalah penyedia video daring utama di Amerika Serikat dengan [[pangsa pasar]] 43 persen dan lebih dari 14 miliar video ditonton pada bulan Mei 2010.<ref>{{cite web| title=comScore Releases May 2010 U.S. Online Video Rankings| publisher =[[comScore]]| url =http://www.comscore.com/Press_Events/Press_Releases/2010/6/comScore_Releases_May_2010_U.S._Online_Video_Rankings|accessdate=June 27, 2010 }}</ref> YouTube mengatakan bahwa sekitar video berdurasi total 60 jam diunggah setiap menit dan tiga perempat materialnya berasal dari luar A.S.<ref name = "60_hours">{{Cite news|title = YouTube hits 4 billion daily video views|author=Oreskovic, Alexei|publisher = Reuters|url = http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/01/23/us-google-youtube-idUSTRE80M0TS20120123|accessdate=January 23, 2012|date=January 23, 2012}}</ref><ref name="48_hours">{{cite news|title = YouTube users uploading two days of video every minute|author=Shane Richmond|work=The Daily Telegraph|location=London |url =http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/google/8536634/YouTube-users-uploading-two-days-of-video-every-minute.html|date=May 26, 2011|accessdate=May 26, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| title = Eric Schmidt, Princeton Colloquium on Public & Int'l Affairs| publisher = YouTube| url = http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9nXmDxf7D_g#t=14m52s|accessdate=June 1, 2009 }}</ref> Situs ini menerima delapan ratus juta kunjungan unik setiap bulannya.<ref name="seabrook20120116">{{cite news|url=http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2012/01/16/120116fa_fact_seabrook?currentPage=all|title=Streaming Dreams|work=The New Yorker|date=January 16, 2012|accessdate=January 6, 2012|author=Seabrook, John}}</ref> Diperkirakan bahwa pada tahun 2007 YouTube mengonsumsi [[pita lebar]] yang sama besarnya seperti seisi Internet tahun 2000.<ref>{{Cite news|title = Web could collapse as video demand soars|work=The Daily Telegraph|location=London |url = http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2008/04/07/nweb107.xml|accessdate=April 21, 2008 |first=Lewis|last=Carter|date=April 7, 2008}}</ref> [[Alexa Internet|Alexa]] menempatkan YouTube sebagai situs ketiga yang paling banyak dikunjungi di Internet, setelah [[Google]] dan Facebook.<ref>{{cite web| title = Alexa Traffic Rank for YouTube (three month average)| publisher = [[Alexa Internet]]| url =http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/youtube.com|accessdate=March 30, 2010}}</ref>

YouTube menjajaki kerja sama pemasaran dan periklanan dengan [[NBC]] pada bulan Juni 2006.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Online Video: The Market Is Hot, but Business Models Are Fuzzy|url=http://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/article.cfm?articleid=1519|author=Knowledge@wharton|accessdate=July 19, 2012}}</ref> Bulan November 2008, YouTube membuat persetujuan dengan [[Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer|MGM]], [[Lions Gate Entertainment]], dan [[CBS]], yang mengizinkan mereka mengunggah film dan episode televisi berdurasi penuh ke situs ini, disertai kotak iklan khusus penonton AS yang diberi nama "Shows". Tindakan ini bertujuan menciptakan persaingan dengan situs web seperti [[Hulu]], yang menyimpan material tayangan dari [[NBC]], [[Fox Broadcasting Company|Fox]], dan [[Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures|Disney]].<ref>{{Cite news|title = MGM to Post Full Films on YouTube|author=Brad Stone and Brooks Barnes|work=The New York Times|url = http://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/10/business/media/10mgm.html?ref=technology|accessdate=November 29, 2008|date=November 10, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/04/30/AR2009043001853.html|title=It's Official: Disney Joins News Corp., NBCU In Hulu; Deal Includes Some Cable Nets|accessdate=April 30, 2009|date=April 30, 2009|author=Staci D. Kramer|work=paidContent.org}}</ref> Bulan November 2009, YouTube meluncurkan "Shows" untuk penonton Britania Raya dan menawarkan sekitar 4.000 acara berdurasi penuh dari 60 mitranya.<ref>{{Cite news|title = YouTube launches UK TV section with more than 60 partners|author=Allen, Katie|work=The Guardian|location=London |url = http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2009/nov/19/youtube-uk-full-length-shows|accessdate=December 13, 2009 |date=November 19, 2009}}</ref> Pada Januari 2010, YouTube memperkenalkan layanan sewa film daring,<ref>{{Cite news|title = YouTube takes a small step into the film rental market|author=Miguel Helft|work=The New York Times|url = http://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/21/technology/internet/21youtube.html|accessdate=August 13, 2010|date= January 20, 2010}}</ref> yang saat ini hanya tersedia untuk pengguna di kawasan Amerika Serikat, Kanada, dan Britania Raya.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/8471635.stm|title=YouTube turns to movie rental business|accessdate=May 7, 2010|date=January 21, 2010|work=BBC News|first=Maggie|last=Shiels}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-15214939|title=YouTube to offer film rentals in the UK|publisher=BBC News|date=October 7, 2011|accessdate=October 7, 2011}}</ref> Layanan ini menawarkan lebih dari 6.000 film.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Google Partners With Sony Pictures, Universal And Warner Brothers For YouTube Movies|author=Tsotsis, Alexia|publisher = techcrunch.com|url =http://techcrunch.com/2011/05/09/google-partners-with-sony-pictures-nbc-universal-and-warner-brothers-for-youtube-movies/|accessdate=June 5, 2011|date=May 9, 2011}}</ref>

 

 

Pada bulan Maret 2010, YouTube mulai menyiarkan konten tertentu secara gratis, termasuk 60 pertandingan kriket [[Indian Premier League]]. Menurut YouTube, ini merupakan siaran acara olahraga besar via Internet pertama di dunia yang bersifat gratis.<ref>{{Cite news|title = Cricket: IPL goes global with live online deal|work=The Guardian|location=London |url =http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2010/jan/20/youtube-live-indian-premier-league|accessdate=February 6, 2010 |first=Mark|last=Sweney|date=January 20, 2010}}</ref>