Voyager 1: Perbedaan antara revisi

== Mission background ==

 

In the 1960s, a [[Planetary Grand Tour|Grand Tour]] to study the outer planets was proposed which prompted NASA to begin work on a mission in the early 1970s.<ref name="NASA.1960">{{cite web |url=http://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/mission/index.html |title=1960s |publisher=JPL |accessdate=August 18, 2013 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121208070306/http://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/mission/index.html |archivedate=December 8, 2012}}</ref> Information gathered by the ''[[Pioneer 10]]'' spacecraft helped ''Voyager''<nowiki/>'s engineers design ''Voyager'' to cope more effectively with the intense radiation environment around Jupiter.<ref name="rad">{{cite web |title=The Pioneer missions |date=2007 |publisher=NASA |url=https://www.nasa.gov/centers/ames/missions/archive/pioneer.html |accessdate=August 19, 2013}}</ref> However, shortly before launch, strips of kitchen-grade [[aluminum foil]] were applied to certain cabling to further enhance radiation shielding.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://informal.jpl.nasa.gov/museum/content/preview-screening-farthest-voyager-space |title=Preview Screening: The Farthest - Voyager in Space |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=August 2017 |website=informal.jpl.nasa.gov |publisher=NASA Museum Alliance |access-date=August 18, 2019 |quote=supermarket aluminum foil added at the last minute to protect the craft from radiation}}</ref>

 

=== Spacecraft components ===

{{Main|Voyager program#Spacecraft design}}

 

''Voyager 1'' was constructed by the [[Jet Propulsion Laboratory]].<ref name="Landau CNN">{{cite news |last=Landau |first=Elizabeth |title=Voyager 1 becomes first human-made object to leave solar system |work=CNN |publisher=CNN |date=October 2, 2013 |url=https://www.cnn.com/2013/09/12/tech/innovation/voyager-solar-system/ |accessdate=May 29, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://tools.wmflabs.org/makeref/ |title=NASA Spacecraft Embarks on Historic Journey into Interstellar Space |work=NASA |date=September 12, 2013 |accessdate=May 29, 2014 |quote=NASA's Voyager 1 spacecraft officially is the first human-made object to venture into interstellar space.}}</ref><ref name="Trailblazer">{{cite web |url=https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/viking/viking30_fs.html |title=Viking: Trailblazer for All Mars Research |work=NASA |date=June 22, 2006 |accessdate=May 29, 2014 |quote=All of these missions relied on Viking technologies. As it did for the [[Viking program]] team in 1976, Mars continues to hold a special fascination. Thanks to the dedication of men and women working at NASA centers across the country, the mysterious Mars of our past is becoming a much more familiar place.}}</ref> It has 16 [[hydrazine]] thrusters, [[three-axis stabilization]] [[gyroscopes]], and [[Attitude control|referencing instruments]] to keep the probe's radio antenna pointed toward Earth. Collectively, these instruments are part of the Attitude and Articulation Control Subsystem (AACS), along with redundant units of most instruments and 8 backup thrusters.<!-- cn --> The spacecraft also included 11 scientific instruments to study celestial objects such as [[planets]] as it travels through space.<ref name="PDS-Host">{{cite web |url=https://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/spacecraft/ |title=VOYAGER 1:Host Information |date=1989 |publisher=JPL |accessdate=April 29, 2015}}</ref>