Anti-rohaniwan: Perbedaan antara revisi

</ref> Pasukan Prancis menahan Paus pada 1797, dan ia meninggal setelah enam minggu ditahan.<ref name="SandS"/>

Setelah berubah sikap, Napoleon kemudian mendirikan kembali Gereja Katolik di Prancis dengan menandatangani [[Konkordat 1801]],<ref name="SandS"/> dan mencekal Kultus Sosok Tertinggi. Beberapa kebijakan anti-rohaniwan masih diteruskan. Saat tentara Napoleon memasuki sebuah wilayah, biara-biara sering kali dijarah dan properti gereja disekulerisasikan.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M3m1CfZj8ZAC&pg=PA131&lpg=PA131&dq=napoleon+sacked+monasteries+closed+secularized&source=bl&ots=XmGqU5d6LT&sig=ac2RlTNNh6gcD_U90vSJ_lCnzeE&hl=en&sa=X&ei=K98vT5ueM4zkggfCsP37Dw&ved=0CDMQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=napoleon%20sacked%20monasteries%20closed%20secularized&f=false |title=Napoleon's Legacy: Problems of Government in Restoration Europe - Google Books |publisher=Books.google.com |date= |accessdate=July 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZS3nAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA412&lpg=PA412&dq=napoleon+sacked+monasteries+closed+secularized&source=bl&ots=oFPjMTHcxw&sig=PU_gWjv16zvshLlpylXNSgdq-vQ&hl=en&sa=X&ei=K98vT5ueM4zkggfCsP37Dw&ved=0CDcQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=napoleon%20sacked%20monasteries%20closed%20secularized&f=false |title=The Churchman - Google Books |publisher=Books.google.com |date=1985-12-29 |accessdate=July 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XRtWxK42KMgC&pg=PA281&lpg=PA281&dq=napoleon+sacked+monasteries+closed+secularized&source=bl&ots=K9lykl9zkB&sig=RyIp6kcSjEzFs8TI_8__1Rw-_fQ&hl=en&sa=X&ei=K98vT5ueM4zkggfCsP37Dw&ved=0CEMQ6AEwBg#v=onepage&q=napoleon%20sacked%20monasteries%20closed%20secularized&f=false |title=Prosperity and Plunder: European Catholic Monasteries in the Age of ... - Derek Edward Dawson Beales - Google Books |publisher=Books.google.com |date=2003-07-24 |accessdate=July 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gordon.edu/lettersfromeurope/agneshoward |title=Notes On Monastero San Paolo: Reentering The Vestibule of Paradise - Gordon College |publisher=Gordon.edu |date= |accessdate=July 2013}}</ref>

 

=== Italia dan Jerman ===