'''Pengaturan kelahiran''', yang dikenal pula sebagai '''kontrasepsi''' dan '''pengaturan fertilitas''', merupakan metode atau alat yang digunakan untuk mencegah [[kehamilan]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Definition of Birth control|url=http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=53351|work=MedicineNet|accessdate=9 August 2012|archive-date=2012-08-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120806234913/http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=53351|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Perencanaan, pembekalan, dan penggunaan kontrasepsi disebut [[keluarga berencana]].<ref name=OED2012>{{cite book|title=Oxford English Dictionary|year=June 2012 (online)|publisher=Oxford University Press|url=http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/19395}}</ref><ref name=WHO-health-topic>{{cite web|last=World Health Organization (WHO)|title=Family planning|url=http://www.who.int/topics/family_planning/en/|work=Health topics|publisher=World Health Organization (WHO)}}</ref> [[Seks aman]], seperti penggunaan [[kondom wanita]] atau pria, juga dapat membantu mencegah [[Penyakit menular seksual|infeksimenularinfeksi menular seksual]].<ref name="pmid22423463">{{cite journal |last1 = Taliaferro | first1 = L. A. |last2 = Sieving | first2 = R. |last3 = Brady | first3 = S. S. |last4 = Bearinger | first4 = L. H. |title = We have the evidence to enhance adolescent sexual and reproductive health--do we have the will? |journal = Adolescent medicine: state of the art reviews |volume = 22 |issue = 3 |pages = 521–543, xii |year = 2011 |pmid = 22423463}}</ref><ref name="pmid22341164">{{cite journal |last1 = Chin |first1 = H. B. |last2 = Sipe |first2 = T. A. |last3 = Elder |first3 = R. |last4 = Mercer |first4 = S. L. |last5 = Chattopadhyay |first5 = S. K. |last6 = Jacob |first6 = V. |last7 = Wethington |first7 = H. R. |last8 = Kirby |first8 = D. |last9 = Elliston |first9 = D. B. |doi = 10.1016/j.amepre.2011.11.006 |title = The Effectiveness of Group-Based Comprehensive Risk-Reduction and Abstinence Education Interventions to Prevent or Reduce the Risk of Adolescent Pregnancy, Human Immunodeficiency Virus, and Sexually Transmitted Infections |journal = American Journal of Preventive Medicine |volume = 42 |issue = 3 |pages = 272–294 |year = 2012 |pmid = 22341164 |pmc = |url = http://www.ajpmonline.org/article/S0749-3797(11)00906-8/abstract |access-date = 2014-01-11 |archive-date = 2020-01-02 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200102180246/https://www.ajpmonline.org/article/S0749-3797(11)00906-8/abstract |dead-url = yes }}</ref> Metode pengaturan kelahiran telah digunakan sejak zaman dahulu, tetapi metode yang efektif dan aman baru tersedia pada abad ke 20.<ref name=Hopkins2010>{{cite book|last=Hurt|first=K. Joseph, ''et al.''(eds.)|title=The Johns Hopkins manual of gynecology and obstetrics.|publisher=Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|location=Philadelphia|isbn=978-1-60547-433-5|page=232|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=4Sg5sXyiBvkC&pg=PR232|edition=4th|coauthors=Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland|date=2012-03-28}}</ref> Pada beberapa kebudayaan akses pada kontrasepsi dibatasi karena dianggap tidak sesuai baik secara moral maupun politik.<ref name=Hopkins2010/>
