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== Biografi ==
Köhler lahir di [[Skierbieszów]], di [[Polandia]] yang saat itu diduduki [[Jerman]], sebagai anak ketujuh dari delapan anak dalam sebuah keluarga [[Volksdeutsche]] dari [[Glückstal]] di [[Bessarabia]] [[Rumania]] (kini bagian dari [[Moldova]]). <!--His parents, Romanian citizens, had to leave their home in Bessarabia in [[1940]] during the [[Nazi-Soviet population transfers]] that followed the [[Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact]], which awarded Bessarabia to the [[Soviet Union]]. As part of the [[Generalplan Ost]], they were resettled in [[1942]] at [[Skierbieszów]], a village near [[Zamosc]], [[Poland]] (then part of the [[General Government]]). People of Skierbieszów had been expelled to make room for German settlers. As the [[Wehrmacht]] was pushed back and first parts of Poland had to be abandoned in [[1944]], the Köhler family fled to [[Leipzig]]. In [[1953]] they left [[East Germany]] for [[Ludwigsburg]] to escape from the communist regime.
 
Köhler took his ''[[Abitur]]'' in 1963, and after a two-year military service in the mechanized infantry (''Panzergrenadiere'') he left the [[Bundeswehr]] as "[[Leutnant]] der Reserve" (reserve officer). He studied and finally earned a [[doctorate]] in [[economics]] and [[political science]]s from [[Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen]], where he was a scientific research assistant at the Institute for Applied Economic Research from [[1969]] to [[1976]].