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Pencabutan atau ekstraksi gigi juga menjadi pilihan perawatan karies, bila gigi tersebut telah hancur karena proses pelubangan.
==PreventionPencegahan==
[[Image:Toothbrush 20050716 004.jpg|right|thumb|[[Toothbrush]]esMenggosok aregigi commonlyadalah usedsalah tosatu cleantindakan teethpencegahan karies.]]
=== Oral hygieneKebersihan mulut===
Kebersihan perorangan terdiri dari pembersihan gigi yang baik.<ref name="adaoralhealth">[http://www.ada.org/public/topics/cleaning.asp Oral Health Topics: Cleaning your teeth and gums]. Hosted on the American Dental Association website. Page accessed August 15, 2006.</ref> Kebersihan mulut yang baik diperluklan untuk meminimalisir agen penyebab penyakit mulut dan membuang plak gigi. Plak tersebut mengandung [[bakteri]]. <ref>[http://www.dentistry.leeds.ac.uk/OROFACE/PAGES/micro/micro2.html Introduction to Dental Plaque]. Hosted on the Leeds Dental Institute Website, page accessed August 14, 2006.</ref>
Karies dapat dicegah dengan pembersihan dan pemeriksaan gigi teratur.
Personal hygiene care consists of proper brushing and [[Dental floss|flossing]] daily.<ref name="adaoralhealth">[http://www.ada.org/public/topics/cleaning.asp Oral Health Topics: Cleaning your teeth and gums]. Hosted on the American Dental Association website. Page accessed August 15, 2006.</ref> The purpose of oral hygiene is to minimize any etiologic agents of disease in the mouth. The primary focus of brushing and flossing is to remove and prevent the formation of [[Dental plaque|plaque]]. Plaque consists mostly of bacteria.<ref>[http://www.dentistry.leeds.ac.uk/OROFACE/PAGES/micro/micro2.html Introduction to Dental Plaque]. Hosted on the Leeds Dental Institute Website, page accessed August 14, 2006.</ref> As the amount of bacterial plaque increases, the tooth is more vulnerable to dental caries. A toothbrush can be used to remove plaque on most surfaces of the teeth except for areas between teeth. When used correctly, dental floss removes plaque from areas which could otherwise develop proximal caries. Other adjunct hygiene aids include [[interdental brush]]es, [[water pick]]s, and [[mouthwash]]es.
Professional hygiene care consists of regular dental examinations and cleanings. Sometimes, complete plaque removal is difficult, and a dentist or [[dental hygienist]] may be needed. Along with oral hygiene, radiographs may be taken at dental visits to detect possible dental caries development in high risk areas of the mouth.
===Pengaturan makanan===
=== Dietary modification ===
Untuk kesehatan gigi, pengaturan konsumsi gula penting diperhatikan.<ref name="bnf">[http://www.nutrition.org.uk/home.asp?siteId=43§ionId=649&parentSection=321&which=undefined "Dental Health"], hosted on the British Nutrition Foundation website, 2004. Page accessed August 13, 2006.</ref> Gula yang tersisa pada mulut dapat memproduksi asam oleh bakteri.
For dental health, the frequency of sugar intake is more important than the amount of sugar consumed.<ref name="bnf">[http://www.nutrition.org.uk/home.asp?siteId=43§ionId=649&parentSection=321&which=undefined "Dental Health"], hosted on the British Nutrition Foundation website, 2004. Page accessed August 13, 2006.</ref> In the presence of sugar and other carbohydrates, bacteria in the mouth produce acids which can demineralize enamel, dentin, and cementum. The more frequently teeth are exposed to this environment, the more likely dental caries are to occur. Therefore, minimizing snacking is recommended, since snacking creates a continual supply of nutrition for acid-creating bacteria in the mouth. Also, chewy and sticky foods (such as dried fruit or candy) tend to adhere to teeth longer, and consequently are best eaten as part of a meal. Brushing the teeth after meals is recommended. For children, the [[American Dental Association]] and the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry recommend limiting the frequency of consumption of drinks with sugar, and not giving baby bottles to infants during sleep.<ref>[http://www.eapd.gr/Parents/Pregnant%20mother%20all.htm A Guide to Oral Health to Prospective Mothers and their Infants], hosted on the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry website. Page accessed August 14, 2006.</ref><ref>[http://www.ada.org/public/topics/decay_childhood_faq.asp Oral Health Topics: Baby Bottle Tooth Decay], hosted on the American Dental Association website. Page accessed August 14, 2006.</ref> Mothers are also recommended to avoid sharing utensils and cups with their infants to prevent transferring bacteria from the mother's mouth.<ref>[http://www.aapd.org/media/Policies_Guidelines/G_InfantOralHealthCare.pdf Guideline on Infant Oral Health Care], hosted on the [http://www.aapd.org American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry] website. Page accessed January 13, 2007.</ref>
It has been found thatPengonsumsian [[milk]]permen and certain kinds of [[cheesekaret]] likedengan [[cheddar cheese|cheddarxilitol]] candapat helpmelindungi counter tooth decay if eaten soon after the consumption of foods potentially harmful to teethgigi.<ref name="bnf">[http://www.nutrition.org.uk/home.asp?siteId=43§ionId=649&parentSection=321&which=undefinedPermen "Dentalini Health"],telah hosted on the British Nutrition Foundation website, 2004. Page accessed August 13, 2006.</ref> Also, chewing gumpopler containingdi [[xylitolFinlandia]] (wood sugar) is widely used to protect teeth in some countries, being especially popular in the [[Finland|Finnish]] candy industry.<ref>[http://www.xylitol.net/eng/index.php?action=item-view&item-action=view&item-hash=088f5f675b05714db3f50065561e8692 "History"], hosted on the Xylitol.net website. Page accessed October 22, 2006.</ref> Xylitol'sEfek effectini on reducing plaque is probably due to bacteria's inability tomungkin utilizedisebabkan itketidakmampuan likebakteri othermemetabolisme sugarsxilitol.<ref>Ly KA, Milgrom P, Roberts MC, Yamaguchi DK, Rothen M, Mueller G. ''[http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pubmed&pubmedid=16556326 Linear response of mutans streptococci to increasing frequency of xylitol chewing gum use: a randomized controlled trial].'' BMC Oral Health. 2006 Mar 24;6:6.</ref> Chewing and stimulation of flavour receptors on the tongue are also known to increase the production and release of saliva, which contains natural buffers to prevent the lowering of pH in the mouth to the point where enamel may become demineralised.<ref>Bots CP, Brand HS, Veerman EC, van Amerongen BM, Nieuw Amerongen AV. [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=15218894&query_hl=9&itool=pubmed_docsum Preferences and saliva stimulation of eight different chewing gums]. Int Dent J. 2004 Jun;54(3):143-8.</ref>
[[Image:FluorideTrays07-05-05.jpg|right|thumb|CommonPerlatan dentistrymedis traysuntuk usedmemberi toflorida deliverpada fluoridegigi.]]
=== Other preventive measures ===
The use of [[dental sealant]]s is a good means of prevention. Sealants are thin plastic-like coating applied to the chewing surfaces of the molars. This coating prevents the accumulation of plaque in the deep grooves and thus prevents the formation of pit and fissure caries, the most common form of dental caries. Sealants are usually applied on the teeth of children, shortly after the molars erupt. Older people may also benefit from the use of tooth sealants, but their dental history and likelihood of caries formation are usually taken into consideration.
[[Fluoride therapy]] is often recommended to protect against dental caries. It has been demonstrated that [[water fluoridation]] and fluoride supplements decrease the incidence of dental caries. Fluoride helps prevent decay of a tooth by binding to the hydroxyapatite crystals in enamel.<ref>Cate, A.R. Ten. "''Oral Histology: development, structure, and function.''" 5th edition, 1998, p. 223. ISBN 0-8151-2952-1.</ref> The incorporated fluoride makes enamel more resistant to demineralization and, thus, resistant to decay.<ref>Ross, Michael H., Gordon I. Kaye, and Wojciech Pawlina, 2003. "''Histology: a text and atlas.''" 4th edition, p. 453. ISBN 0-683-30242-6.</ref> Topical fluoride is also recommended to protect the surface of the teeth. This may include a fluoride [[toothpaste]] or mouthwash. Many dentists include application of topical fluoride solutions as part of routine visits.
Furthermore, recent research shows that low intensity [[laser]] radiation of [[argon]] ion lasers may prevent the susceptibility for enamel caries and white spot lesions.<ref>''[http://jada.ada.org/cgi/content/abstract/137/5/638 In vitro caries formation in primary tooth enamel: Role of argon laser irradiation and remineralizing solution treatment]''. Journal of the American Dental Association, Volume 137, Number 5, p. 638-644. Page accessed August 18, 2006.</ref> Also, as bacteria are a major factor contributing to poor oral health, there is currently research to find a [[Caries vaccine|vaccine for dental caries]]. As of 2004, such a vaccine has been successfully tested on non-human animals,<ref>[http://www.wired.com/medtech/health/news/2004/05/63510 New Drill for Tomorrow's Dentists]. WIRED Magazine, May, 2004. Page accessed May 24, 2007.</ref> and is in clinical trials for humans as of May [[2006]].<ref>{{ cite web |url=http://www.planetbiotechnology.com/products.html |title=Planet Biotechnology:Products |publisher=Planet Biotechnology}}</ref> ▼
===Tindakan pencegahan lainnya===
[[Terapi florida]] dapat menjadi pilihan untuk mencengah karies. Cara ini telah terbukti menurunkan kasus karies gigi.<ref>Cate, A.R. Ten. "''Oral Histology: development, structure, and function.''" 5th edition, 1998, p. 223. ISBN 0-8151-2952-1.</ref> Florida dapat membuat enbamel resisten terhadap karies.<ref>Ross, Michael H., Gordon I. Kaye, and Wojciech Pawlina, 2003. "''Histology: a text and atlas.''" 4th edition, p. 453. ISBN 0-683-30242-6.</ref> Florida sering ditambahkan pada pasta gigi dan cairan pembersih mulut.
▲Furthermore,Penelitian recentbaru-baru researchini showsmenunjukkan thatbahwa lowpemberian intensityradiasi [[laser]] radiationintensitas ofrendah dengan laser ion [[argon]] iondapat lasersmencengah may prevent the susceptibility forkaries enamel cariesdan andlesi whitedaerah spotbercak lesionsputih.<ref>''[http://jada.ada.org/cgi/content/abstract/137/5/638 In vitro caries formation in primary tooth enamel: Role of argon laser irradiation and remineralizing solution treatment]''. Journal of the American Dental Association, Volume 137, Number 5, p. 638-644. Page accessed August 18, 2006.</ref> Sedang Also,dikembangkan as bacteria are a major factor contributing to poor oral healthpula, there[[vaksin]] isuntuk currentlymelawan researchbakteri tokaries. find aPada [[ Caries vaccine|vaccine for dental caries2004]] . As of 2004, suchvaksin aini vaccinetelah hasberhasil beendiujicobakan successfullypada tested on non-human animals,hewan<ref>[http://www.wired.com/medtech/health/news/2004/05/63510 New Drill for Tomorrow's Dentists]. WIRED Magazine, May, 2004. Page accessed May 24, 2007.</ref> , anddan isuji incoba clinicalklinis trialspada formanusia humanspada as of MayMei [[2006]].<ref>{{ cite web |url=http://www.planetbiotechnology.com/products.html |title=Planet Biotechnology:Products |publisher=Planet Biotechnology}}</ref>
==Catatan kaki dan sumber==
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