Pestisida: Perbedaan antara revisi

Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
Wagino Bot (bicara | kontrib)
k minor cosmetic change
Wagino Bot (bicara | kontrib)
k minor cosmetic change
Baris 172:
 
Pestisida juga mengurangi [[keanekaragaman hayati pertanian]] di tanah sehingga mengurangi laju [[pengikatan nitrogen]].<ref name="gogo">Rockets, Rusty (June 8, 2007),
[http://www.scienceagogo.com/news/farming.shtml Down On The Farm? Yields, Nutrients And Soil Quality]. Scienceagogo.com. Retrieved on September 15, 2007.</ref> hilangnya polinator,<ref name = Hackenberg>{{cite web |author=Hackenberg D |url=http://www.imkerinnen.at/Hauptseite/Menues/News/Brief%20David%20Hackenberg%20307%20engl.doc |title=Letter from David Hackenberg to American growers from March 14, 2007 |publisher=Plattform Imkerinnen — Austria |accessdate=2007-03-27 |date=2007-03-14 |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20070604214622/http://www.imkerinnen.at/Hauptseite/Menues/News/Brief+David+Hackenberg+307+engl.doc |archivedate = 2007-06-04}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author = Wells, M |title = Vanishing bees threaten U.S. crops |work = www.bbc.co.uk |publisher = ''[[BBC News]]'' |date = March 11, 2007 |url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/6438373.stm |accessdate = 2007-09-19 |location=London}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Haefeker, Walter |url=http://www.beekeeping.com/articles/us/german_bee_monitoring.htm |title=Betrayed and sold out – German bee monitoring |accessdate=2007-10-10 |date=2000-08-12 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Zeissloff, Eric |url=http://www.beekeeping.com/artikel/imidacloprid_1.htm |title=Schadet imidacloprid den bienen |accessdate=2007-10-10 |year=2001 |language=German}}</ref> menghancurkan habitat (terutama habitat burung),<ref name="palmerw">Palmer, WE, Bromley, PT, and Brandenburg, RL. [http://ipm.ncsu.edu/wildlife/peanuts_wildlife.html Wildlife & pesticides - Peanuts]. North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service. Retrieved on 2007-10-11.</ref> dan membahayakan [[spesies terancam|satwa terancam]].<ref name="sustaining"/> Seiring waktu, spesies hama dapat mengembangkan ketahanan terhadap pestisida sehingga dibutuhkan penelitian untuk mengembangkan pestisida jenis baru.
 
Karena pestisida hidrokarbon terklorinasi larut di dalam jaringan lemak dan tidak diekskresikan, organisme yang terpapar akan mempertahankan senyawa tersebut sepanjang hidupnya. Akumulasi akan terjadi pada rantai makanan, di mana pestisida akan terkonsentrasi pada pemuncak rantai makanan. Di habitat laut, konsentrasi pestisida ada pada ikan karnivora, terutama ikan pemangsa burung dan mamalia.<ref name="Castro">Castro, Peter, and Michael E.Huber. Marine Biology. 8th. New York: McGraw-Hill Companies Inc., 2010. Print.</ref> [[Distilasi global]] adalah proses di mana pestisida yang menguap mengalir dari lingkungan yang lebih panas ke lingkungan yang lebih dingin, terutama kutub dan puncak gunung. Pestisida ini dapat terbawa oleh angin dan ter[[kondensasi]], kembali ke tanah sebagai [[hujan]] atau [[salju]].<ref name="Quinn">L. Quinn, Amie. "The impacts of agriculture and temperature on the physiological stress response in fish." Uleth. University of Lethbridge, n.d. Web. 20 Nov 2012.</ref>
Baris 226:
 
;Berita
* {{cite news |last = Janofsky |first = M|title = E.P.A. recommends limits on thousands of uses of pesticides |work = |pages = |publisher = New York Times |date = August 4, 2006 |url = http://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/04/washington/04pest.html |accessdate = 2006-08-24 }}
* {{cite news |last = Janofsky |first = M|title = Unions say E.P.A. bends to political pressure |work = |pages = |publisher = New York Times |date = 2006-08-02 |url = http://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/02/washington/02pest.html |accessdate = 2007-10-10 }}
* {{cite journal | author=Kaiser, J| title=Endocrine disrupters trigger fertility problems in multiple generations | journal=Science | month=June | year=2005 | volume=308 | pages=1391–1392| doi=10.1126/science.308.5727.1391a| pmid=15933166 | issue=5727}}
* {{cite journal | author=Kaiser, J| title=House would foil human pesticide studies | journal=Science | month=May | year=2005 | volume=308 | pages=1234| doi=10.1126/science.308.5726.1234b| pmid=15919959 | issue=5726}}