Halloween: Perbedaan antara revisi
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{{Infobox Holiday|
|holiday_name = Halloween
|type = Christian
|longtype =
|image = Jack-o'-Lantern_2003-10-31.jpg
|caption = [[Jack-o'-lantern]], labu simbol Halloween
|nickname = Hallowe'en<br />Allhallowe'en<br />Malam Para Kudus (''All Hallows' Eve'' atau ''All Saints' Eve'')
|observedby = Umat [[Kekristenan Barat]] dan banyak non-Kristen di seluruh dunia<ref name=Fasting />
|significance = Hari pertama [[Masa Para Kudus]]
|date = [[31 Oktober]]
|celebrations = ''[[trick or treat]]ing'', [[pesta kostum|pesta]] [[kostum Halloween|kostum]], membuat [[jack-o'-lantern]], [[api unggun]] dan kembang api, [[tenung|penenungan]], mengambil [[apel]] di dalam air dengan mulut, mengunjungi [[atraksi berhantu (tiruan)|atraksi berhantu]]
|duration = 1 hari
|observances = [[Ibadah gereja]],<ref name=Service>{{en}} {{cite book|title=The Book of Occasional Services 2003|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6dq6dEb9Q0IC&pg=PA108&dq=prayer+for+all+hallows+eve&hl=en&ei=6ZCvTsLWIKfi0QHU-7XRAQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CEAQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=prayer%20for%20all%20hallows%20eve&f=false|publisher=Church Publishing, Inc.|year=2004}}</ref> [[doa Kristen|doa]],<ref name=Prayer>{{en}} {{cite book|title=The Anglican Family Prayer Book|author=Anne E. Kitch|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=idekF-9uIAIC&pg=PA148&dq=prayer+for+all+hallows+eve+Anglican&hl=en&ei=JJOvTon-Hcjh0QHIqZi8AQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CEoQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q&f=false|publisher=Church Publishing, Inc.|year=2004}}</ref> [[puasa]],<ref name=Fasting/> dan [[vigili]]<ref name=Vigil>{{en}} {{cite book|title=The Paulist Liturgy Planning Guide|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=34_o1HJOrzoC&pg=PA251&dq=Christian+halloween+costumes&hl=en&ei=LlWvTriICenCsQL7rLnbAQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=10&ved=0CH4Q6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=Christian%20halloween%20costumes&f=false|publisher=[[Paulist Press]]|year=2006}}</ref>
|relatedto = [[Totensonntag]], [[Kamis Arwah]], [[Samhain]], [[Hop-tu-Naa]], [[Calan Gaeaf]], [[Kalan Gwav]], [[Hari Orang Mati]], [[Hari Reformasi (Protestan)|Hari Reformasi]], [[Hari Raya Semua Orang Kudus]], [[Malam Kenakalan]] (''lih.'' [[vigil]])
}}
'''Halloween''' atau '''Hallowe'en''' (kependekan dari ''All Hallows’ Evening'' ([[Vigili|Malam]] [[Santo|Para Kudus]]),<ref name=Contraction>{{en}} {{cite book|title=A History of the Scottish People from the Earliest Times: From the Union of the kingdoms, 1706, to the present time|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YVgJAAAAIAAJ&q=Hallowe'en+contraction&dq=Hallowe'en+contraction&hl=en&ei=Y6i8TtXJOcargwe2lN28Bw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CD8Q6AEwBDgK|publisher=Blackie|author=Thomas Thomson, Charles Annandale|year=1896}}</ref> yang juga disebut ''Allhalloween'',<ref name="Palmer1882">{{en}} {{cite book|last=Palmer|first=Abram Smythe|title=Folk-etymology|year=1882|publisher=Johnson Reprint|page=6}}</ref> ''All Hallows' Eve'',<ref name=Christianity3>{{en}} {{cite book|title=Merriam-Webster's Encyclopædia of World Religions|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZP_f9icf2roC&pg=PA408&dq=all+hallow's+eve+christian+origin&hl=en&ei=dUyvTrfhIYetgwen5YiCAg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CE8Q6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q&f=false|publisher=Merriam-Webster|year=1999}}</ref> atau ''All Saints' Eve''.<ref>{{en}} {{cite journal|year=1973|title=NEDCO Producers' Guide|publisher=Northeast Dairy Cooperative Federation|volume=31-33}}</ref> Halloween adalah suatu perayaan yang dapat dijumpai di [[geografi perayaan Halloween|sejumlah negara]] pada tanggal [[31 Oktober]], yaitu malam [[Hari Raya Semua Orang Kudus]] (''All Hallows' Day'') di [[Kekristenan Barat]]. Perayaan tersebut mengawali [[triduum|peringatan trihari]] [[Masa Para Kudus]] (''Allhallowtide''),<ref>{{en}} {{cite web|url=http://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/little-moreton-hall/things-to-see-and-do/view-page/item994753/|title=Tudor Hallowtide|year=2012|publisher=[[National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty]]|deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006071731/https://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/little-moreton-hall/things-to-see-and-do/view-page/item994753/ |archivedate=6 October 2014 |df=dmy}}</ref> suatu periode dalam [[tahun liturgi]] yang didedikasikan untuk mengenang orang yang telah meninggal dunia, termasuk para kudus atau [[santo]]/santa (''saints'', ''hallows''), [[martir]], dan semua arwah umat beriman.<ref>{{en}} {{cite news|last=Hughes|first=Rebekkah|date=29 October 2014|title=Happy Hallowe'en Surrey!|work=The Stag|publisher=[[University of Surrey]]|page=1|url=http://www.ussu.co.uk/stagmedia/Documents/Issues/The%20Stag%20-%20Issue%2076%20(Small%20File%20Size).pdf|format=PDF}}</ref><ref>{{en}} ''Don't Know Much About Mythology: Everything You Need to Know About the Greatest Stories in Human History but Never Learned'' (Davis), HarperCollins, page 231</ref>
Terdapat keyakinan luas bahwa banyak tradisi Halloween bermula dari festival-[[festival panen]] [[Kelt]] kuno yang mungkin memiliki akar-akar [[paganisme|pagan]], khususnya festival [[Samhain]] etnis [[Gael]], dan festival tersebut [[Kristenisasi|dikristenkan]] sebagai Halloween.<ref name=Fasting/><ref name=Christianity3 /><ref name="Roberts1987">{{en}} {{cite book|last=Roberts|first=Brian K.|title=The Making of the English Village: A Study in Historical Geography|accessdate=14 December 2015 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CjbYAAAAMAAJ&q=The+Making+of+the+English+Village:+A+Study+in+Historical+Geography&dq=The+Making+of+the+English+Village:+A+Study+in+Historical+Geography&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjRi9-nndzJAhXDPT4KHVb1DwIQ6AEIHTAA |year=1987|publisher=Longman Scientific & Technical|isbn=9780582301436}}</ref><ref name="Smith2004">{{en}} {{cite book|last=Smith|first=Bonnie G.|title=Women's History in Global Perspective|accessdate=14 December 2015 |url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Women_s_History_in_Global_Perspective.html?id=7Q8Ix-M8LWcC&printsec=frontcover&source=kp_read_button#v=onepage&q&f=false |year=2004|publisher=University of Illinois Press|isbn=9780252029318|page=66}}</ref><ref name=Christianity1>{{en}} {{cite book|author=Nicholas Rogers|title=Halloween: From Pagan Ritual to Party Night|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=stWZ_UDteMIC&pg=PA22&dq=halloween+christian+holy+day&hl=en&ei=wCiwTu-tN8j00gGJ5bjGAQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=9&ved=0CG8Q6AEwCA#v=onepage&q=halloween%20christian%20holy%20day&f=false|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2002|accessdate=31 October 2011}}</ref><ref name=Christianity2>{{en}} {{cite book|title=Austrian information|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9FU7AQAAIAAJ&q=all+hallow's+eve+wear+masks+Christian+souls+vengeance&dq=all+hallow's+eve+wear+masks+Christian+souls+vengeance&hl=en&ei=u1CvTtjjFOKHsAKEudDkAQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CC0Q6AEwAA|year=1965|accessdate=31 October 2011}}</ref> Namun, beberapa akademisi mendukung pandangan bahwa Halloween bermula secara independen sebagai suatu perayaan Kristen semata-mata.<ref name=Fasting/><ref>{{en}} {{cite web|title=Is Halloween Pagan in Origin?|last=Mosteller|first=Angie|date=11 October 2012 |url=http://www.crosswalk.com/newsletters-only/today-on-crosswalk/is-halloween-pagan-in-origin.html |publisher=Crosswalk|accessdate=12 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{de}} {{cite web|title=Halloween|last=Bolinius|first=Erich|date=31 October 2006|publisher=FDP Emden|accessdate=12 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{de}} {{cite web|url=http://www.wdr.de/themen/freizeit/brauchtum/halloween_10/interview_doering.jhtml?rubrikenstyle=freizeit|title=Süßes, Saures - olle Kamellen? Ist Halloween schon wieder out?|last=Döring|first=Dr. Volkskundler Alois|year=2011|publisher=[[Westdeutscher Rundfunk]]|accessdate=12 November 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110614110611/http://www.wdr.de/themen/freizeit/brauchtum/halloween_10/interview_doering.jhtml?rubrikenstyle=freizeit|archivedate=14 June 2011}}</ref><ref name="Thompson">{{en}} {{cite web|last1=Thompson|first1=Augustine|title=The Catholic Origins of Halloween|url=http://ucatholic.com/blog/the-catholic-origins-of-halloween/|website=ucatholic.com|accessdate=19 September 2016}}</ref>
Kegiatan saat Halloween meliputi ''[[Trick or treat]]'' (atau hal terkait dengan penyamaran dengan kostum seram), menghadiri pesta [[kostum Halloween]], [[seni dekoratif|mendekorasi]], mengukir [[waluh]] menjadi [[Jack-o'-lantern]], menyalakan [[api unggun]] besar, [[tenung|penenungan]] dan ''[[apple bobbing]]'', bermain [[lelucon praktis]], mengunjungi [[atraksi berhantu (tiruan)|atraksi berhantu]], menceritakan dongeng menakutkan, dan menonton [[Daftar film yang diputar saat Halloween|film horor]]. Di banyak belahan dunia, perayaan keagamaan Kristen saat Malam Para Kudus, misalnya menghadiri ibadah gereja dan menyalakan [[lilin doa|lilin]] pada makam, masih tetap populer,<ref name="Skog2008">{{en}} {{cite book|last=Skog|first=Jason|title=Teens in Finland|year=2008|publisher=Capstone|isbn=9780756534059|page=31}}</ref><ref>{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://chapel.duke.edu/sites/default/files/AllHallows2012.pdf|title=All Hallows Eve Service|date=31 October 2012|publisher=[[Duke University]]}}</ref><ref>{{en}} {{cite journal|date=5 May 2009|title=The Christian Observances of Halloween|journal=National Republic|publisher=Indiana University Press|volume=15|page=33}}</ref> meskipun di tempat lain berlangsung perayaan yang lebih sekuler dan komersial.<ref name="Hynes1993">{{en}} {{cite book|last=Hynes|first=Mary Ellen|title=Companion to the Calendar|year=1993|publisher=Liturgy Training Publications|isbn=9781568540115|page=160}}</ref><ref>{{en}} {{cite web |last=Kernan |first=Joe |date=October 30, 2013 |title=Not so spooky after all: The roots of Halloween are tamer than you think |publisher=[[Beacon Communications (publisher)|Cranston Herald]] |url=http://cranstononline.com/stories/not-so-spooky-after-all-the-roots-of-halloween-are-tamer-than-you-think,86934?print=1}}</ref><ref name="BradenVillage1988">{{en}} {{cite book|last1=Braden|first1=Donna R.|last2=Village|first2=Henry Ford Museum and Greenfield|title=Leisure and entertainment in America|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fyKCAAAAMAAJ|year=1988|publisher=Henry Ford Museum & Greenfield Village|isbn=9780933728325}}</ref> Beberapa umat Kristen secara historis [[Hari-hari tanpa daging|berpantang daging]] pada Malam Para Kudus,<ref>{{en}} All Hallows' Eve (Diana Swift), Anglican Journal</ref><ref name="Ordinary Time">{{en}} Ordinary Time: 31 October Thursday of the Thirtieth Week of Ordinary Time; All Hallows' Eve (Jennifer Gregory Miller), Catholic Culture</ref> suatu tradisi yang tercermin dengan makan makanan tertentu pada hari [[vigili]] ini, misalnya [[apel]], [[panekuk kentang]], dan [[kue jiwa]].<ref name="Ordinary Time"/><ref>Santino, p.85</ref><ref name=mader/>
== Etimologi ==
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