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{{Kristen}}
'''Simbol Kristen''' adalah simbol atau lambang atau tanda yang digunakan dalam '''Simbolisme Kristen''' ({{lang-en|Christian symbolism}}). Simbol-simbol itu meliputi lambang-lambang kuno (''archetypes''), tindakan, karya seni atau peristiwa peringatan dalam tradisi [[Kristen]]. Obyek-objek atau tindakan-tindakan tersebut diambil arti dalamnya untuk melambangkan ide-ide [[Kristiani]].
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=== Salib dan krusifiks ===
{{main|Salib Kristen|Crucifix}}
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Bentuk salib, yang direpresentasikan dengan huruf "[[Tau|T]]", mulai digunakan sebagai "meterai" atau simbol [[Gereja perdana|Kekristenan Awal]] sejak abad ke-2.<ref>"The cross as a Christian symbol or 'seal' came into use at least as early as the second century (see "Apost. Const." iii. 17; Epistle of Barnabas, xi.-xii.; Justin, "Apologia," i. 55-60; "Dial. cum Tryph." 85-97); and the marking of a cross upon the forehead and the chest was regarded as a talisman against the powers of demons (Tertullian, "De Corona," iii.; Cyprian, "Testimonies," xi. 21-22; Lactantius, "Divinæ Institutiones," iv. 27, and elsewhere). Accordingly the Christian Fathers had to defend themselves, as early as the second century, against the charge of being worshipers of the cross, as may be learned from Tertullian, "Apologia," xii., xvii., and Minucius Felix, "Octavius," xxix. Christians used to swear by the power of the cross. [http://jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=899&letter=C
''Cruces etiam nec colimus, nec optamus. Vos plane qui ligneos deos consecratis, cruces ligneas, ut deorum vestrorum partes, forsitan adoratis. (0332B) Nam et signa ipsa et cantabra et vexilla castrorum, quid aliud quam inauratae cruces sunt et ornatae? Tropaea vestra victricia, non tantum simplicis crucis faciem, verum et affixi hominis imitantur. Signum sane crucis naturaliter visimus in navi, quum velis tumentibus vehitur, quum expansis palmulis labitur; et quum erigitur iugum, crucis signum est, et quum homo, porrectis manibus, Deum pura mente veneratur. Ita signo crucis aut ratio naturalis innititur, aut vestra religio formatur.'' ([http://www.ccel.org/fathers2/ANF-04/anf04-34.htm#P5713_906729 Octavius of Minucius Felix], chapter 29)
</ref> Salib ([[crucifix]], ''[[stauros]]'' dalam bahasa Yunani) pada periode tersebut direpresentasikan dengan huruf [[T]].
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Pada awal abad ke-3 salib telah sedemikian dikaitkan dengan [[Kristus]] sehingga [[Klemens dari Alexandria]], yang meninggal antara tahun 211 dan 216, tanpa takut disalahartikan menggunakan frasa ''{{lang|grc|τὸ κυριακὸν σημεῖον}}'' (tanda Tuhan) yang berarti "salib", ketika dia mengulangi ide yang baru berkembang sejak munculnya [[Surat Barnabas]], bahwa angka 318 (dalam penulisan angka Yunani menggunakan huruf-huruf ΤΙΗ) dalam {{Alkitab|Kejadian 14:14}} adalah suatu ramalan perlambang semacam salib (T, garis tegak dengan garis melintang, melambangkan nilai 300) dan Yesus (ΙΗ, dua hurud pertama nama-Nya dalam bahasa Yunani, ΙΗΣΟΥΣ, melambangkan nilai 18).<ref name="CA">[http://www.earlychristianwritings.com/text/clement-stromata-book6.html Stromata, book VI, chapter XI]</ref>
[[Tertulianus]] yang hidup sezaman dengan Klemens juga menolak tuduhan bahwa orang Kristen adalah ''crucis religiosi'' (yaitu "pemuja/penyembah tiang gantungan"), dan membalikkan tuduhan tersebut dengan cara mempersamakan penyembahan berhala [[pagan]] dengan penyembahan tiang pancang atau tonggak.<ref>[http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0301.htm ''Apology''., chapter xvi.]
"Then, if any of you think we render superstitious adoration to the cross, in that adoration he is sharer with us. If you offer homage to a piece of wood at all, it matters little what it is like when the substance is the same: it is of no consequence the form, if you have the very body of the god. And yet how far does the Athenian Pallas differ from the stock of the cross, or the Pharian Ceres as she is put up uncarved to sale, a mere rough stake and piece of shapeless wood? Every stake fixed in an upright position is a portion of the cross; we render our adoration, if you will have it so, to a god entire and complete. We have shown before that your deities are derived from shapes modelled from the cross."
''Sed et qui crucis nos religiosos putat, consecraneus noster erit. Cum lignum aliquod propitiatur, viderit habitus, dum materiae qualitas eadem sit; viderit forma, dum id ipsum dei corpus sit. Et tamen quanto distinguitur a crucis stipite Pallas Attica, et Ceres Pharia, quae sine effigie rudi palo et informi ligno prostat? Pars crucis est omne robur, quod erecta statione defigitur; nos, si forte, integrum et totum deum colimus. Diximus originem deorum vestrorum a plastis de cruce induci.''</ref> Dalam bukunya ''De Corona'', ditulis tahun 204, Tertullian menceritakan sudah adanya tradisi orang-orang Kristen berulang kali menggerakkan tangan membuat [[tanda salib]] di kening mereka.<ref>"At every forward step and movement, at every going in and out, when we put on our clothes and shoes, when we bathe, when we sit at table, when we light the lamps, on couch, on seat, in all the ordinary actions of daily life, we trace upon the forehead the sign" ([http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/anf03.iv.vi.iii.html ''De Corona'', chapter 3])</ref>
Meskipun salib telah dikenal sejak awal mula [[Kekristenan]], krusifiks baru muncul pada abad ke-5.<ref name="soc" /> Pakar dan sejarawan Medieval Perancis
=== Ichthys ===
Simbol '''Ichthys''' (IXΘΥΣ atau '''Ichthus''') [[
=== Alfa dan Omega ===
{{main|Alfa dan Omega}}
Simbol "Alfa dan Omega" [[
=== Staurogram ===
Simbol '''Staurogram''' [[
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[[Ephrem dari Siria]] in the 4th-century explained these two united letters stating that the tau refers to the [[Christian cross|cross]], and the rho refers to the Greek word "help" ({{lang-el|Βoηθια}}) which has the [[Greek numerals|numeric value]] of 100 as the letter rho has. In such a way the symbol expresses the idea that the Cross saves.<ref name="Hurtado"/> The two letters tau and rho can also be found separately as symbols on early Christian [[ossuaries]].<ref name="Bagatti"/>
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Huruf "Tau" dianggap lambang keselamatan karena identifikasi huruf tersebut dengan huruf Ibrani "[[Taw (huruf Ibrani)|Taw]], yang pada [[Yehezkiel 9#Ayat 4|Yehezkiel 9:4]] merupakan tanda di kening orang-orang yang diselamatkan dari penghukuman Allah, maupun penampakan lengan [[Musa]] yang dibentangkan dalam {{Alkitab|Keluaran 17:11}}.<ref name="Hurtado"/> Huruf Rho sendiri melambangkan Kristus sebagai [[Mesias]] karena [[Abraham]],
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The Monogrammatic Cross was later seen also as a variation of the [[Chi Rho]] symbol, and it spread over Western Europe in the 5th and 6th-century.<ref>{{cite book | last = Redknap | first = FirstName | title = The Christian Celts : treasures of late Celtic Wales | publisher = National Museum of Wales | location = Cardiff | year = 1991 | isbn = 978-0-7200-0354-3 |page=61}}</ref>
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=== Chi Rho ===
{{main|Chi Rho}}
Simbol '''Chi Rho'''
=== Monogram IH ===
Monogram '''IH'''[[
=== Monogram IX ===
Monogram '''IX''' [[
== Simbol Kristen lain ==
=== Gembala Yang Baik ===
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{{main|The Good Shepherd (Christianity)|l1=Good Shepherd}}
Gambar "Gembala Yang Baik", seringkali dengan seekor domba digendong di atas pundaknya, merupakan simbol yang paling umum untuk melambangkan pelayanan [[Kristus]]. <!--the Good Shepherd, often with a sheep on his shoulders, is the most common of the symbolic [[Depiction of Jesus|representations of Christ]] found the [[Catacombs of Rome]], and it is related to the [[Parable of the Lost Sheep]]. Initially it was also understood as a symbol like others used in [[Early Christian art]]. By about the 5th century the figure more often took on the appearance of the conventional depiction of Christ, as it had developed by this time, and was given a [[halo (religious iconography)|halo]] and rich robes.
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=== Lain-lain ===
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* [[Bendera Kristen]] (''Christian flag'')
* [[Salib dan Mahkota]] (''Cross and Crown'')
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* [[Triquetra]]
== Lukisan pada Makam ==
Sejak awal orang Kristen menghiasi "[[katakombe]]" mereka dengan lukisan Kristus, para orang kudus, peristiwa dalam Alkitab atau gambaran perumpamaan. Katakombe menjadi tempat lahirnya semua seni Kristen.<ref name="ceimage">{{cite web | last =Fortescue | first =Adrian | authorlink = | coauthors = | title =Veneration of Images | work =Catholic Encyclopedia | publisher =Robert Appleton Company | year =1912 | url =http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07664a.htm | doi = | accessdate = 2007-11-26 }}</ref> Orang Kristen perdana menerima karya seni pada zaman mereka dan menggunakannya, semampu suatu komunitas miskin dan teraniaya, untuk mengekspresikan ide agamawi mereka.<ref name="ceimage" />
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From the second half of the 1st century to the time of [[Constantine the Great]] they buried their dead and celebrated their rites in these underground chambers. The Christian tombs were ornamented with indifferent or symbolic designs—palms, peacocks, with the [[Chrismon|chi-rho]] monogram, with bas-reliefs of Christ as the [[The Good Shepherd (Christianity)|Good Shepherd]], or seated between figures of saints, and sometimes with elaborate scenes from the New Testament.<ref name="ceimage" />
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==Symbols of Christian Churches==
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===Sacraments===
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The tomb paintings of the early Christians led to the development of [[icon]]s. An icon is an image, picture, or representation; it is likeness that has symbolic meaning for an object by signifying or representing it, or by analogy, as in [[semiotics]]. The use of icons, however, was never without opposition. It was recorded that, "there is no century between the fourth and the eighth in which there is not some evidence of opposition to images even within the Church.<ref>Ernst Kitzinger, ''The Cult of Images in the Age before Iconoclasm'', Dumbarton Oaks, 1954, quoted by Pelikan, Jaroslav; ''The Spirit of Eastern Christendom'' 600-1700, University of Chicago Press, 1974.</ref> Nonetheless, popular favor for icons guaranteed their continued existence, while no systematic apologia for or against icons, or doctrinal authorization or condemnation of icons yet existed.
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Though significant in the history of religious doctrine, the Byzantine controversy over images is not seen as of primary importance in Byzantine history. "Few historians still hold it to have been the greatest issue of the period..."<ref>Patricia Karlin-Hayter, ''Oxford History of Byzantium'', Oxford University Press, 2002.</ref>
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== Lihat pula ==
* [[Seni Kristen]]
* [[Salib Kristen]]
* [[Holy Spirit in Christian art]]
* [[Simbol Perdamaian]]
* [[Simbolisme agamawi]]
* [[Saint symbology]]
* [[Sator Square]]
* [[Symbols and symbolism in Christian demonology]]
* [[The Wordless Book]]
* [[Bestiari]]
* [[Aniconism in Christianity]]
== Referensi ==
{{Reflist}}
== Pranala luar ==
* [http://www.planetgast.net/symbols/ Symbols in Christian Art and Architecture] Comprehensive general listing.
* [http://www.christiansymbols.net Christian Symbols Net] Very comprehensive site, complete with search engine.
* [http://www.gocek.org/christiansymbols/ Christian Symbols and Glossary] (keyword searchable, includes symbols of saints)
* [http://www.religionfacts.com/christianity/symbols.htm ReligionFacts.com: Christian Symbols] Basic Christian symbols A to T, types of crosses, number symbolism and color symbolism.
* [http://creationsanewflags.com/ColorMeaning.aspx Meaning of Colors for Flags] Biblical meanings of color used for Christian worship flags.
* [http://www.ridingthebeast.com/articles/colors/ Color Symbolism in The Bible] An in depth study on symbolic color occurrence in The Bible.
* [http://www.kwu.edu/campuslife/woodcarvings.htm Christian Symbol Wood Carvings] Forty symbols at Kansas Wesleyan University
* [http://catholic-resources.org/Art/Koch-ChristianSymbols.htm Old Christian Symbols from book by Rudolf Koch]
* [http://www.goldclipart.com/products/crestsymbols.htm Christian Symbols, Origins and Meanings]
* [http://web.archive.org/web/20081012154246/http://homepage.ntlworld.com/m.low1 Tree of Jesse Directory by Malcolm Low.]
* [http://www.ezartsncrafts.com/christiansymbols.html Chrismon Templates] Symbol outlines that can be used to create Christian themed projects
* [http://www.lutheransonline.com/trinitybillings/seals Christian Symbols and Variations of Crosses - Images and Meanings]
{{Kekristenan}}
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