Transseksual: Perbedaan antara revisi

{{Templat sisi transgender}}

Orang '''transseksual''' memiliki [[identitas gender]] yang tidak sesuai atau yang secara tradisional tidak berasosiasi dengan [[jenis kelamin|seks]]nya [[penunjukan seks|yang ditunjuk]] serta memiliki keinginan untuk [[transisi (transgender)|bertransisi]] permanen agar sesuai dengan [[gender]] yang mereka miliki. Orang transseksual biasanya mencari bantuan medis (lewat [[terapi penentuan ulang seks]]) untuk membantu tubuh mereka agar selaras dengan [[jenis kelamin|seks]] atau gender mereka. Istilah ''transseksual'' umumnya dinilai sebagai sebuah istilah turunan dari ''[[transgender]]'',<ref name="TR2006">{{cite book|title=Transgender Rights |year=2006 |isbn=0816643121 |editors=Currah, P.; Juang, R. M.; Minter, S. |publisher=Univesrsity of Minnesota Press}}</ref><ref name="Bevan">{{cite book |first=T. E. |last=Bevan |title=The Psychobiology of Transsexualism and Transgenderism |year=2014 |isbn=1440831270 |page=42|quote=The term transsexual was introduced by Cauldwell (1949) and popularized by Harry Benjamin (1966) [...]. The term transgender was coined by John Oliven (1965) and popularized by various transgender people who pioneered the concept and practice of transgenderism. It is sometimes said that Virginia Prince (1976) popularized the term, but history shows that many transgender people advocated the use of this term much more than Prince. The adjective ''transgendered'' should not be used [...]. Transsexuals constitute a subset of transgender people.}}</ref><ref name="Alegria">{{cite journal |first=A. C. |last=Alegria |title=Transgender identity and health care: Implications for psychosocial and physical evaluation |journal=Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners |volume=23 |issue =4 |year=2011 |pages =175–182 |quote=Transgender, Umbrella term for persons who do not conform to gender norms in their identity and/or behavior (Meyerowitz, 2002). Transsexual, Subset of transgenderism; persons who feel discordance between natal sex and identity (Meyerowitz, 2002).}}</ref> namun beberapa orang transseksual menolak penggunaan istilah ''transgender''.<ref name="Valentine">{{cite book |last=Valentine |first=D. |title=Imagining Transgender: An Ethnography of a Category |publisher=Duke University |year=2007}}</ref><ref name="Stryker">{{cite book|author=[[Susan Stryker|Stryker, S]]. |chapter=Introduction |editors=Stryker, S.; Whittle, S. |title=The Transgender Studies Reader |location=New York |publisher=Routledge |year=2006 |pages=1–17}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|first=K. |last=Winters |title=Gender Madness in American Psychiatry: Essays From the Struggle for Dignity |year=2008 |page=198 |quote=Some Transsexual individuals also identify with the broader transgender community; others do not.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gendercentre.org.au/resources/fact-sheets/transsexualism.htm |title=Transsexualism |date=Maret 2014 |publisher=Gender Centre |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304090430/http://www.gendercentre.org.au/resources/fact-sheets/transsexualism.htm |archivedate=4 Marret 2016|accessdate=5 Juli 2016 |quote=Transsexualism is often included within the broader term 'transgender', which is generally considered an umbrella term for people who do not conform to typically accepted gender roles for the sex they were assigned at birth. The term 'transgender' is a word employed by activists to encompass as many groups of gender diverse people as possible. However, many of these groups individually don't identify with the term. Many health clinics and services set up to serve gender variant communities employ the term, however most of the people using these services again don't identify with this term. The rejection of this political category by those that it is designed to cover clearly illustrates the difference between self-identification and categories that are imposed by observers to understand other people. }}</ref> Diagnosis medis dapat dilakukan jika seseorang memiliki keinginan untuk hidup dan diterima selaku orang dengan seks yang mereka identifikasi atau jika ia terganggu dan mengalami kesulitan di dalam aktivitas sehari hari.<ref name="icd-10">{{cite web |url=http://apps.who.int/classifications/icd10/browse/2016/en#/F64.0 |title=F64.0 Transsexualism ICD-10 Version: 2016 |accessdate=10 Februari 2017}}</ref>

 

==Terminologi==

 

Secara historis, salah satu alasan mengapa beberapa orang lebih memilih istilah ''transseksual'' ketimbang ''transgender'' adalah karena kalangan dunia medis pada era 1950-an hingga 1980-an mendorong pembedaan antara kedua istilah tersebut dan hanya mengizinkan adanya penanganan medis bagi kondisi transseksual.<ref name="denny">{{cite book|first=Dallas|last=D.|editor=Paisley, C. |editor2=Juang, R. M. |editor3=Minter, S. P. |title=Transgender Rights|year=2006|chapter=Chapter 9: Transgender Communities of the United States in the Late Twentieth Century |publisher=University of Minnesota Press}}</ref> Orang transseksual lainnya mengatakan bahwa orang yang tidak menjalani operasi penentuan ulang seks berbeda dengan orang yang menjalaninya dan masing-masing pun memiliki tujuan sendiri-sendiri.<ref name="Ts-Si_Gaughan"/> Pendapat tersebut merupakan pendapat yang kontroversial sementara opini lain mengatakan bahwa perbedaan hanya satu prosedur tidak kemudian menggolongkan orang ke kategori yang berbeda. Tidak semua orang tidak menjalani prosedur tersebut karena tidak mau. Beberapa misalnya, karena alasan ekonomi. Alasan lain yang penolakan penggunaan kata ''transseksual'' adalah kekhawatiran bahwa istilah tersebut memberikan kesan salah bahwa itu adalah sesuatu mengenai [[seksualitas]] sementara yang dimaksud sebenarnya adalah [[identitas gender]].<ref name="Fenway Health Glossary">{{cite web|url=http://www.fenwayhealth.org/site/DocServer/Handout_7-C_Glossary_of_Gender_and_Transgender_Terms__fi.pdf|title= Fenway Health Glossary of Gender and Transgender Terms|date=Januari 2010|accessdate=27 Desember 2013}}</ref> [[Christine Jorgensen]], contohnya&mdash;orang pertama yang diketahui secara luas telah menjalani operasi penentuan ulang seks&mdash;menolak istilah ''transseksual'' dan lebih memilih mengidentifikasi dirinya sebagai ''trans-gender''.<ref>{{cite news|last=Parker|first=J.|title=Christine Recalls Life as Boy from the Bronx|url=http://research.cristanwilliams.com/2011/08/21/christine-jorgensen-transgender-woman/|accessdate=28 Mei 2012|newspaper=Newsday''/''Winnipeg Free Press|date= 18 Oktober 1979|quote='If you understand trans-genders,' she says, (the word she prefers to transsexuals), 'then you understand that gender doesn’t have to do with bed partners, it has to do with identity.'}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=News From California: 'Transgender'|url=http://research.cristanwilliams.com/2012/02/06/1982-transgenders-transsexuals-christine-jorgensen/|accessdate=28 Mei 2012|newspaper=Appeal-Democrat/Associate Press|date= 11 Mei 1982|pages=A-10|quote=she describes people who have had such operations’ "transgender" rather than transsexual. "Sexuality is who you sleep with, but gender is who you are," she explained}}</ref>

 

==Referensi==