Kerusuhan Ürümqi Juli 2009: Perbedaan antara revisi

Meskipun kebijakan minoritas RRT saat ini, yang berdasarkan pada [[aksi afirmatif di Tiongkok|aksi-aksi afirmatif]], menganggap identitas etnis Uighur berbeda dari penduduk Han,<ref name=bovingdon4>{{Cite book | last=Bovingdon | first=Gardner | title=Autonomy in Xinjiang: Han nationalist imperatives and Uyghur discontent | publisher=East-West Center | series=Political Studies 15 | url=http://www.eastwestcenter.org/fileadmin/stored/pdfs/PS011.pdf | location=Washington | year=2005 | isbn=1-932728-20-1 | page=4 | postscript=<!--None-->}}</ref><ref name=dillon51/> beberapa cendekiawan menyatakan bahwa Beijing secara tak resmi menerapkan model satu budaya dan satu bahasa yang berdasarkan pada penduduk mayoritas.<ref name="Gladney">{{Cite book | chapter=The Chinese Program of Development and Control, 1978–2001 | last=Gladney | first=Dru C. | year=2004<!--Book published in 2004, but this particular chapter was written in 2001--> | title=Xinjiang: China's Muslim borderland | editor=S. Frederick Starr | publisher=M.E. Sharpe | isbn=978-0-7656-1318-9 | pages=112–114 | postscript=<!--None-->}}</ref><ref name=Dwyer>{{Cite book | title=The Xinjiang Conflict: Uyghur Identity, Language Policy, and Political Discourse | last=Dwyer | first=Arienne | series=Political Studies 15 | publisher=East-West Center | location=Washington | year=2005 | isbn=1-932728-29-5 | url=http://www.eastwestcenter.org/fileadmin/stored/pdfs/PS015.pdf | page=2 | postscript=<!--None-->}}</ref> Otoritas juga menindamenunda segala aktivitas yang dianggap menimbulkan perpecahan negara.<ref name=dillon51>{{Cite book | title=Xinjiang – China's Muslim Far Northwest | last=Dillon | first=Michael | year=2004 | publisher=RoutledgeCurzon | isbn=0-415-32051-8 | page=51 | postscript=<!--None-->}}</ref><ref name=bovingdon19>{{Cite book | last=Bovingdon | first=Gardner | title=Autonomy in Xinjiang: Han nationalist imperatives and Uyghur discontent | publisher=East-West Center | series=Political Studies 15 | url=http://www.eastwestcenter.org/fileadmin/stored/pdfs/PS011.pdf | location=Washington | year=2005 | isbn=1-932728-20-1 | page=19 | postscript=<!--None-->}}</ref> Kebijakan tersebut, selain untuk perbedaan budaya berjangka panjang,<ref name=cecChina>{{cite web | url=http://www.cecc.gov/pages/annualRpt/annualRpt05/2005_3a_minorities.php | publisher=Congressional-Executive Commission on China | date=1 October 2005 | accessdate=6 May 2010 | title=China's Minorities and Government Implementation of the Regional Ethnic Autonomy Law | quote=[Uyghurs] live in cohesive communities largely separated from Han Chinese, practice major world religions, have their own written scripts, and have supporters outside of China. Relations between these minorities and Han Chinese have been strained for centuries.}}</ref> terkadang mengakibatkan "gerakan" antara warga negara Uighur dan Han.<ref name=sautman35>{{Cite journal | url = http://repository.ust.hk/dspace/bitstream/1783.1/1152/1/sosc32.pdf| last=Sautman | first=Barry | year=1997 | title=Preferential policies for ethnic minorities in China: The case of Xinjiang | publisher=Hong Kong University of Science and Technology | journal=Working Papers in the Social Sciences | issue=32 | accessdate = 6 May 2010 | page=35 | postscript = <!--None-->}}</ref> Di satu sisi, sebagai akibat dari imigrasi Han dan kebijakan pemerintah, kebebasan beragama dan gerakan Uighur menjadi terbatasi,<ref name=mooreblog>{{cite news | url=http://blogs.telegraph.co.uk/news/malcolmmoore/100002509/urumqi-riots-signal-dark-days-ahead/ | title=Urumqi riots signal dark days ahead | work=The Daily Telegraph | date=7 July 2009 | accessdate=7 July 2009 | last=Moore | first=Malcolm | location=London}}</ref><ref name=bovingdon34_35>{{Cite book | last=Bovingdon | first=Gardner | title=Autonomy in Xinjiang: Han nationalist imperatives and Uyghur discontent | publisher=East-West Center | series=Political Studies 15 | url=http://www.eastwestcenter.org/fileadmin/stored/pdfs/PS011.pdf | location=Washington | year=2005 | isbn=1-932728-20-1 | pages=34–5 | postscript=<!--None-->}}</ref> sementara sebagian besar Uighur menganggap bahwa pemerintah telah sengaja merendahkan budaya tradisional dan sejarah mereka.<ref name="Gladney" /> Di sisi lain, beberapa warga Han memandang Uighur menikmati hak-hak istimewa, seperti diijinkan untuk masuk universitas-universitas dan dikecualikan dari [[kebijakan satu anak]],<ref name=sautman29>{{Cite journal | url = http://repository.ust.hk/dspace/bitstream/1783.1/1152/1/sosc32.pdf| last=Sautman | first=Barry | year=1997 | title=Preferential policies for ethnic minorities in China: The case of Xinjiang | publisher=Hong Kong University of Science and Technology | journal=Working Papers in the Social Sciences | issue=32 | accessdate = 6 May 2010 | pages=29–31 | postscript = <!--None-->}}</ref> dan sebagai "tempat berlabuhnya aspirasi-aspirasi separatis".<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/608f0f80-6cac-11de-af56-00144feabdc0.html |work=Financial Times |title=Uighur riots show need for rethink by Beijing |first=Minxin |last=Pei |date=9 July 2009 | accessdate=18 January 2010 | quote=Han Chinese view the Uighurs as harbouring separatist aspirations and being disloyal and ungrateful, in spite of preferential policies for ethnic minority groups.}}</ref>