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Tag: Suntingan perangkat seluler Suntingan aplikasi seluler |
Tag: Suntingan perangkat seluler Suntingan aplikasi seluler |
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Baris 113:
:2NO<sub>(g)</sub> + {{chem2|O|2}}<sub>(g)</sub> → 2{{chem2|NO|2}}<sub>(g)</sub>
==Sejarah==
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==History==
It was first prepared by Jabir Ibn Al-Hayyan in the 8th century AD by dissolving ammonium chloride into nitric acid.
[[File:Musaeum Hermeticum 1678 p 398 III. Clavis AQ27.tif|thumb|The fox in Basil Valentine's Third Key represents aqua regia, ''Musaeum Hermeticum'', 1678]]
Aqua regia first appeared in the work of the European alchemist [[Pseudo-Geber]], dating from the early 14th century.<ref name="Principe 2012">{{cite book|last=Principe|first=Lawrence M.|title=The secrets of alchemy|year=2012|publisher=University of Chicago Press|location=Chicago|isbn=0226682951}}</ref> The third of [[Basil Valentine]]’s keys shows a dragon in the foreground and a fox eating a rooster in the background. The rooster symbolizes gold (from its association with sunrise and the sun’s association with gold), and the fox represents aqua regia. The repetitive dissolving, heating, and redissolving (the rooster eating the fox eating the rooster) leads to the buildup of chlorine gas in the flask. The gold then crystallizes in the form of [[gold(III) chloride]], whose red crystals were known as dragon’s blood. The reaction was not reported in modern chemical literature until 1890.<ref name="Principe 2012"/>
[[Antoine Lavoisier]] called aqua regia nitro-muriatic acid in 1789.<ref>Lavoisier, Antoine (1790). [https://archive.org/details/elementschemist00kerrgoog ''Elements of Chemistry, in a New Systematic Order, Containing All the Modern Discoveries'']. Edinburgh: William Creech. p. 116. ISBN 978-0486646244.</ref> When [[Operation Weserübung|Germany invaded Denmark]] in World War II, Hungarian chemist [[George de Hevesy]] dissolved the gold [[Nobel Prize]]s of German physicists [[Max von Laue]] (1914) and [[James Franck]] (1925) in aqua regia to prevent the Nazis from confiscating them. The German government had prohibited Germans from accepting or keeping any Nobel Prize after jailed peace activist [[Carl von Ossietzky]] had received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1935. De Hevesy placed the resulting solution on a shelf in his laboratory at the [[Niels Bohr Institute]]. It was subsequently ignored by the Nazis who thought the jar—one of perhaps hundreds on the shelving—contained common chemicals. After the war, de Hevesy returned to find the solution undisturbed and precipitated the gold out of the acid. The gold was returned to the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences and the Nobel Foundation. They re-cast the medals and again presented them to Laue and Franck.<ref>[https://archive.org/stream/adventuresinradi01heve#page/27/mode/1up/search/medals "Adventures in radioisotope research"], George Hevesy</ref><ref>{{Cite web| publisher = The Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/about/medals/ | author = Birgitta Lemmel | title = The Nobel Prize Medals and the Medal for the Prize in Economics | year = 2006}}</ref>
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== Catatan ==
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