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'''Juana dari Kastila''' ({{Lang-en|Joanna}}; 6 November 1479 – 12 April 1555), disebut '''Gila''' ({{Lang-es|Juana la Loca}}), adalah [[Ratu (gelar)|Ratu]] [[Kerajaan Kastila dan León|Kastila dan León]] dari tahun 1504 dan [[Takhta Aragon|Aragon]] dari tahun 1516. Dari penyatuan dua kerajaan ini terbentuk Spanyol modern di masa mendatang.<ref>[http://saavedrafajardo.um.es/biblioteca/biblio.nsf/buscarLect/96E2C129300D5FB0C1256E43003ECF79?OpenDocument ''Fueros, observancias y actos de corte del Reino de Aragón''; Santiago Penén y Debesa, Pascual Savall y Dronda, Miguel Clemente (1866)], [http://saavedrafajardo.um.es/biblioteca/biblio.nsf/pw/A94C1361FB8E6926C1256E43003F1FAF/%24file/00000242.jpg page 64]</ref> Pada 20 Oktober 1496, Juana menikah dengan Felipe, putra Maximilian I, Kaisar Romawi Suci. Saat ibunya, [[Isabel dari Kastila]], mangkat pada tahun 1504, Juana diangkat sebagai Ratu Kastila dan León yang baru, sedangkan Felipe dinobatkan sebagai Raja Kastila dan León pada tahun 1506, memulai kekuasaan wangsa Habsburg di Spanyol. Setelah kematian Felipe pada tahun yang sama, Juana dianggap mengalami gangguan mental dan hidup membiara di sisa hidupnya. Meskipun dia tetap berkedudukan sebagai Ratu Kastila dan León yang sah, ayahnya, [[Fernando II dari Aragon|Fernando II]], menjadi walinya dalam memerintah kerajaan sampai mangkatnya, menjadikan Juana mewarisi takhta sang ayah sebagai Ratu Aragon. Dari 1517, anaknya, Karl, memerintah sebagai raja, sementara Juana, secara simbolis, tetap berperan sebagai ratu.
===Early life===
[[File:Los Reyes Católicos y la infanta doña Juana.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Joanna with her parents, [[Isabella I of Castile|Isabella]] and [[Ferdinand II of Aragon|Ferdinand]]; "''Rimado de la conquista de Granada''", by Pedro Marcuello, {{circa}} 1482.]]
Juana lahir di kota Toledo yang merupakan ibukota dari [[Takhta Kastila]]. Dia adalah anak ketiga dan putri kedua dari Isabel dan Fernando.
Joanna was born in the city of [[Toledo, Spain|Toledo]], the capital of the [[Crown of Castile|Kingdom of Castile]]. She was the third child and second daughter of [[Isabella I of Castile]] and [[Ferdinand II of Aragon]] of the royal [[House of Trastámara]]. Joanna was a clever and diligent child and an excellent student. Queen Isabella ensured that Joanna, along with her three sisters Isabella, Maria, and Catherine, received a fine education .<ref>Gelardi, p.61</ref>
In 1496, Joanna, at the age of sixteen, was betrothed to [[Philip I of Castile|Philip the Handsome]], [[Duke of Burgundy]] ([[Duchy of Burgundy|titular]]), in the [[Flanders (county)|region of Flanders]] in the [[Low Countries]]. Philip's parents were [[Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor]] and his first wife, Duchess [[Mary of Burgundy]]. The marriage was one of a set of family alliances between the [[Habsburgs]] and the [[House of Trastámara|Trastámara]]s designed to strengthen both against growing French power.
==Putri Asturias==
The death of Joanna's brother [[John, Prince of Asturias|John]], the [[stillbirth]] of John's daughter and the deaths of Joanna's older sister [[Isabella, Princess of Asturias (1470–1498)|Isabella]] and Isabella's son [[Miguel da Paz, Prince of Asturias|Miguel]] made Joanna heiress to the Spanish kingdoms. Her remaining siblings were [[Maria of Aragon (1482-1517)|Maria]] (1482–1517) and [[Catherine of Aragon|Catherine]] (1485–1536), younger than Joanna by three and six years, respectively.
In 1502, the Castilian ''Cortes'' of Toro<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cervantesvirtual.com/FichaObra.html?portal=0&Ref=2009 |title=''Cortes de los antiguos reinos de León y de Castilla''; Manuel Colmeiro (1883) |publisher=Cervantesvirtual.com |date= |accessdate=23 August 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cervantesvirtual.com/servlet/SirveObras/95791734217821695203346/p0000016.htm#I_38_ |title=Capítulo XXII |publisher=Cervantesvirtual.com |date=29 November 2010 |accessdate=23 August 2012}}</ref><ref>[http://www.ucm.es/BUCM/revistas/byd/11321873/articulos/RGID0202220291A.PDF Estudio documental de la moneda castellana de Juana la Loca fabricada en los Países Bajos (1505–1506); José María de Francisco Olmos], page 303 {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114061003/http://www.ucm.es/BUCM/revistas/byd/11321873/articulos/RGID0202220291A.PDF |date=14 January 2012 }}</ref> recognised Joanna as heiress to the Castilian throne and Philip as her consort. She was named [[Prince of Asturias|Princess of Asturias]], the title traditionally given to the heir of Castile.<ref name="jstor.org">Aram, Bethany. (1998) [http://www.jstor.org/stable/2544520 "Juana 'the Mad's' Signature: The Problem of Invoking Royal Authority, 1505-1507"] ''Sixteenth Century Journal,'' 29(2), 331-358. doi:10.2307/2544520</ref>
==Naik takhta==
Upon the death of her mother in November 1504, Joanna became [[Queen regnant]] of Castile and her husband ''[[jure uxoris]]'' its king. Joanna's father, Ferdinand II, lost his monarchical status in Castile although his wife's will permitted him to govern in Joanna's absence or, if Joanna was unwilling to rule herself, until Joanna's heir reached the age of 20.
Ferdinand refused to accept this; he [[History of mints|minted]] Castilian coins in the name of "Ferdinand and Joanna, King and Queen of Castile, León and Aragon," and, in early 1505, persuaded the ''Cortes'' that Joanna's "illness is such that the said Queen Doña Joanna our Lady cannot govern". The ''Cortes'' then appointed Ferdinand as Joanna's guardian and the kingdom's administrator and governor.
Joanna's husband, Philip the Handsome, was unwilling to accept any threat to his chances of ruling Castile and also minted coins in the name of "Philip and Joanna, King and Queen of Castile, Léon and Archdukes of Austria, etc."<ref>[http://www.ucm.es/BUCM/revistas/byd/11321873/articulos/RGID0202220291A.PDF Estudio documental de la moneda castellana de Juana la Loca fabricada en los Países Bajos (1505–1506); José María de Francisco Olmos], page 315 {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114061003/http://www.ucm.es/BUCM/revistas/byd/11321873/articulos/RGID0202220291A.PDF |date=14 January 2012 }}</ref> In response, Ferdinand embarked upon a pro-French policy, marrying [[Germaine de Foix]], niece of [[Louis XII of France]] (and his own great-niece), in the hope that she would produce a son to inherit Aragon and perhaps Castile.<ref>Elliott, JH, ''Imperial Spain'', p.138; [http://www.jstor.org/stable/2544520 "Juana 'the Mad's' Signature," Bethany Aram, from ''Sixteenth Century Journal.'']</ref>
== Referensi ==
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