Isabel dari Kastila: Perbedaan antara revisi

Setelah mangkatnya Enrique IV, Isabel naik takhta sebagai Ratu Kastila dan León pada 1474 dan suaminya menjadi Raja Kastila dan León ''[[Gelar_Kebangsawanan_Eropa#Jure_Uxoris|jure uxoris]]'' dengan gelar Fernando V pada 1475. Setelah mangkatnya Raja Juan II pada 1479, barulah Fernando naik takhta di kerajaan asalnya sebagai Raja Aragon dengan gelar Fernando II dan Isabel menjadi Permaisuri Aragon.

 

 

Pada Mei 1475, Alfonso dan pasukannya melewati perbatasan Spanyol dan maju hingga Plasencia dan menikahi Juana.<ref>Plunkett,Ierne. ''Isabel of Castile''. The Knickerbocker Press, 1915, p. 98</ref> Perang panjang dan berdarah untuk memperebutkan takhta Kastila dimulai dan berlangsung hingga sekitar satu tahun sampai tanggal 1 Maret 1476 ketika terjadi Perang Toro, perang yang kedua pihaknya menyatakan sebagai pemenang<ref name="Spanish historian Ana Carrasco Manchado (21)">[[#Manchado|_{<big>↓</big>}]] Spanish historian Ana Carrasco Manchado: ''"...The battle [of Toro] was fierce and uncertain, and because of that both sides attributed themselves the victory. Prince John, the son of Alfonso of Portugal, sent letters to the Portuguese cities declaring victory. And Ferdinand of Aragon did the same. Both wanted to take advantage of the victory's propaganda."'' In [https://books.google.com/books?id=qADOoHct1MwC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Isabel+I+de+Castilla+y+la+sombra+de+la+ilegitimidad.+Propaganda+y+representación+en+el+conflicto+sucesorio+%281474–1482%29&source=bl&ots=sxnzroys_j&sig=aM79jFNVQ3dl8c47tP2FGbR ''Isabel I de Castilla y la sombra de la ilegitimidad: propaganda y representación en el conflicto sucesorio (1474–1482)''], 2006, p. 195, 196.</ref><ref name="Spanish historian Cesáreo Fernández Duro (22)">[[#Duro|_{<big>↓</big>}]] Spanish historian Cesáreo Fernández Duro: ''"...For those who ignore the background of these circumstances it will certainly seem strange that while the Catholic Monarchs raised a temple in Toledo in honour of the victory that God granted them on that occasion, the same fact [the Battle of Toro] was festively celebrated with solemn processions on its anniversary in Portugal" '' in [http://descargas.cervantesvirtual.com/servlet/SirveObras/hist/09255096579869640757857/023863.pdf?incr=1 ''La batalla de Toro (1476). Datos y documentos para su monografía histórica''], in Boletín de la Real Academia de la Historia, tome 38, Madrid, 1901,p. 250.</ref> dan merayakan<ref name="Spanish historian Cesáreo Fernández Duro (22)"/><ref name="Manchado (23)">[[#Manchado|_{<big>↓</big>}]] Manchado, [https://books.google.com/books?id=qADOoHct1MwC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Isabel+I+de+Castilla+y+la+sombra+de+la+ilegitimidad.+Propaganda+y+representaci%C3%B3n+en+el+conflicto+sucesorio+%281474%E2%80%931482%29&source=bl&ots=sxnzroys_j&sig=aM79jFNVQ3dl8c47tP2FGbR#v=onepage&q&f=false ''Isabel I de Castilla y la sombra de la ilegitimidad: propaganda y representación en el conflicto sucesorio (1474–1482)''], 2006, p. 199 (foot note nr.141).</ref> kemenangan tersebut: pasukan Alfonso berhasil dikalahkan<ref name="Pulgar (24)">[[#Pulgar|_{<big>↓</big>}]] Pulgar, [http://www.cervantesvirtual.com/obra/cronica-de-los-senores-reyes-catolicos-don-fernando-y-dona-isabel-de-castilla-y-de-aragon--2/ ''Crónica de los Señores Reyes Católicos Don Fernando y Doña Isabel de Castilla y de Aragón''], chapter XLV.</ref><ref name="Garcia de Resende (25)">[[#Resende|_{<big>↓</big>}]] Garcia de Resende- [[:wikisource:pt:Vida e Feitos D' El-Rey Dom João Segundo/XIII|''Vida e feitos d'El Rei D.João II'']], chapter XIII.</ref> oleh pasukan sayap kiri Kastila yang dipimpin oleh Adipati Alba dan Kardinal Mendoza, sedangkan pasukan yang dipimpin Pangeran João (kelak menjadi João II, Raja Portugal) mengalahkan<ref name="Chronicler Pulgar (Castilian) (26)">[[#Pulgar|_{<big>↓</big>}]] chronicler [[Hernando del Pulgar]] (Castilian): ''"...promptly, those 6 Castilian captains, which we already told were at the right side of the royal battle, and were invested by the prince of Portugal and the bishop of Évora, turned their backs and put themselves on the run."'' in [http://www.cervantesvirtual.com/obra/cronica-de-los-senores-reyes-catolicos-don-fernando-y-dona-isabel-de-castilla-y-de-aragon--2/ ''Crónica de los Señores Reyes Católicos Don Fernando y Doña Isabel de Castilla y de Aragón''], chapter XLV.</ref><ref name="chronicler Garcia de Resende (Portuguese)(27)">[[#Resende|_{<big>↓</big>}]] chronicler [[Garcia de Resende]] (Portuguese): ''"... And being the battles of both sides ordered that way and prepared to attack by nearly sunshine, the King ordered the prince to attack the enemy with his and God's blessing, which he obeyed (...). (...) and after the sound of the trumpets and screaming all for S. George invested so bravely the enemy battles, and in spite of their enormous size, they could not stand the hard fight and were rapidly beaten and put on the run with great losses."'' In [[:wikisource:pt:Vida e Feitos D' El-Rey Dom João Segundo/XIII|''Vida e feitos d'El Rei D.João II'']], chapter XIII.</ref><ref name="chronicler Juan de Mariana (Castilian) (28)">[[#Mariana|_{<big>↓</big>}]] chronicler [[Juan de Mariana]] (Castilian): ''"(...) the ''<nowiki>[Castilian]</nowiki>'' horsemen (...) moved forward(...).They were received by prince D. John... which charge... they couldn't stand but instead were defeated and ran away "'' in