Heraklius: Perbedaan antara revisi
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Baris 19:
Meski pernah dekat dan sempat menjalin persahabatan dengan kaum muslim, di masa kekuasaannya, Kekaisaran Bizantium beberapa kali terlibat konflik dengan kaum muslim, seperti dalam Perang Mu'tah, Perang Tabuk dan Perang Yarmuk, yang pada ahirnya menyebabkan sebagian wilayah kekuasaan Bizantium di rebut oleh orang-orang Arab Muslim.
== Keluarga ==
[[File:Solidus-Heraclius-sb0764.jpg|thumb|right|Gambar pada sisi keping ''solidus'', Heraklius (tengah, berjanggut lebat) menjelang akhir masa pemerintahannya, diapit putra-putranya, Heraklius Konstantinus dan Heraklonas]]
Heraklius menikah dua kali: yang pertama dengan Fabia Eudokia, anak perempuan Rogatus, dan kemudian dengan kemenakannya sendiri, [[Martina (maharani)|Martina]]. Ia mendapatkan dua anak dari perkawinannya dengan Fabia, dan sekurang-kurangnya sembilan anak dari perkawinannya dengan Martina, yang sebagian besar sakit-sakitan.{{#tag:ref|Jumlah dan urutan kelahiran anak-anak Heraklius dari Martina tidak diketahui dengan jelas. Menurut beberapa sumber, ada sembilan orang anak,<ref name="Alexander p. 230">{{harvnb|Alexander|1977|p=230}}.</ref> sementara menurut sumber-sumber lain, ada sepuluh.<ref name="Spatharakis p. 19">{{harvnb|Spatharakis|1976|p=19}}.</ref> |group="A"}}<ref name="Bellinger-Grierson p. 385">[[#refBellingerGrierson1992|Bellinger-Grierson 1992]], p. 385.</ref> Sekurang-kurangnya dua dari anak-anak Martina menyandang [[difabel|cacat fisik]], yang dianggap sebagai hukuman atas kawin sumbang: Fabius (Flavius) menderita [[kelumpuhan]] pada lehernya, dan Teodosios menderita [[bisu|bisu-tuli]]. Teodosios menikah dengan Nike, anak perempuan Senapati Persia, [[Shahrbaraz|Syahrbaraz]], atau anak perempuan Niketas, sepupu Heraklius.
Dua putra Heraklius kelak menjadi Kaisar: [[Konstantinus III (Kaisar Bizantium)|Heraklius Konstantinus alias ]] (Konstantinus III, memerintah 613–641), putranya dari Fabia, dan [[Heraklonas|Konstantinus Heraklius]] (Heraklonas, memerintah 638–641), putranya dari Martina.<ref name="Bellinger-Grierson p. 385"/>
Heraklius sekurang-kurangnya memiliki seorang anak di luar nikah, [[Ioannes Atalarikhos]], yang bersekongkol melawan Heraklius dengan sepupunya, magister Teodorus, dan bangsawan Armenian, [[David Saharuni]].{{#tag:ref|Anak di luar nikah ini tercatat dengan sejumlah ejaan yang berbeda, di antaranya: Atalarikhos,<ref name="Kaegi p. 120">[[#refKaegi2003|Kaegi 2003]], p. 120.</ref> Athalarik,<ref name="Charanis p. 34">{{harvnb|Charanis|1959|p=34}}.</ref> At'alarik,<ref name="Sebeos">{{cite book |url = http://rbedrosian.com/seb9.htm|title = Sebeos History: A History of Heraclius|publisher = History Workshop| accessdate = October 22, 2009 | last= [[Sebeos]]; Translated from Old Armenian by Robert Bedrosian|chapter=Chapter 29}}</ref> dst. |group="A"}} Ketika Heraklius mengetahui persekongkolan itu, ia memerintahkan agar Atalarikhos dijatuhi hukuman [[Mulitasi politis dalam budaya Bizantium|potong hidung dan kedua tangan]] serta [[hukuman buang]] ke [[Büyükada|Prinkipo]], salah satu pulau di [[Kepulauan Pangeran]].<ref name="Nicephorus p. 73">[[#refNicephorus1990|Nicephorus 1990]], p. 73.</ref> Teodorus dijatuhi hukuman yang sama, tetapi [[eksil|dibuang]] ke Gaudomelete (mungkin di [[Gozo|Pulau Gozo]] sekarang ini), ditambahi pula dengan hukuman potong sebelah kaki.<ref name="Nicephorus p. 73"/>
During the last years of Heraclius's life, it became evident that a struggle was taking place between Heraclius Constantine and Martina, who was trying to position her son Heraklonas in line for the throne. When Heraclius died, he [[will (law)|willed]] the empire to both Heraclius Constantine and Heraklonas to rule jointly with Martina as Empress.<ref name="Bellinger-Grierson p. 385"/>
== Catatan ==
{{Reflist|group="A"}}
== Rujukan ==
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== Sumber ==
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{{Refend}}
== Bacaan lanjut ==
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