Kekristenan Kelt: Perbedaan antara revisi
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[[Berkas:Celtic_cross_Knock_Ireland.jpg|ka|jmpl|Sebuah Salib Keltik di Knock, Irlandia.]]
'''Kekristenan Kelt''' (''Celtic Christianity'') atau '''Kekristenan Insuler''' (''Insular Christianity'') merujuk secara luas untuk fitur-fitur tertentu dari [[Kekristenan|agama Kristen]] yang umum, atau dianggap umum, di seluruh tempat yang menggunakan [[Rumpun bahasa Keltik|bahasa Keltik]] pada masa [[Abad Pertengahan Awal]].<ref name="Koch431">{{harvnb|Koch|2006|p=431}}</ref> "Kekristenan Kelt" telah dipahami dengan tingkat kekhasan yang berbeda: beberapa penulis telah menjelaskan suatu "'''Gereja Kelt'''" tersendiri yang menyatukan orang Kelt dan membedakan mereka dari [[Gereja Katolik Roma|Gereja Katolik "Roma"]], sementara yang lain mengklasifikasikan hanya sebagai satu set praktik khas yang terjadi di sejumlah daerah.<ref>{{harvnb|Koch|2006|pp=431–432}}</ref> Para sarjana sekarang menolak gagasan yang terdahulu, tetapi memperhatikan bahwa ada beberapa tradisi dan praktik yang digunakan dalam gereja-gereja di Irlandia dan Inggris yang tidak diterapkan lebih luas dalam dunia Kristen.<ref name="Corning18">{{harvnb|Corning|2006|p=18}}</ref> Ini termasuk sistem khas untuk menentukan penanggalan Paskah, gaya monastik [[Tonsur|mencukur ubun-ubun (tonsur)]], sebuah sistem yang unik mengenai [[Penitensi|penebusan dosa]], dan popularitas untuk menjalani "pengasingan bagi Kristus".<ref name=Corning18/>
Istilah "Gereja Kelt" sudah jarang dipakai oleh banyak sejarawan karena menyiratkan suatu entitas kesatuan dan teridentifikasi yang sama sekali terpisah dari mainstream [[Dunia Kristiani|Kristen]] Barat.<ref>{{harvnb|Ó Cróinín|1995}}; {{harvnb|Charles-Edwards|2000}}; {{harvnb|Davies|1992|pp=12–21}}; {{harvnb|Hughes|1981|pp=1–20}}; Kathleen Hughes, ''The Church in Early English Society'' (London, 1966); W. Davies and P. Wormald, ''The Celtic Church'' (Audio Learning Tapes, 1980).</ref> Yang lain lebih memilih istilah "Kekristenan Insuler".<ref>{{harvnb|Brown|2003|pp=16, 51, 129, 132}}</ref> Sebagaimana Patrick Wormald menjelaskan, "salah satu kesalahpahaman umum adalah bahwa ada suatu 'Gereja Romawi' yang ditentang secara nasional oleh bangsa 'Kelt'."<ref>{{harvnb|Wormald|2006|p=207}}</ref> Di Jerman, digunakan istilah "Iroschottisch", di mana von Lutz Padberg menempatkannya juga pada dikotomi antara Kekristenan Irlandia-Skotlandia dan Kekristenan Romawi.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s0HFQAAACAAJ|title=Die Christianisierung Europas im Mittelalter|last=Padberg|first=Lutz von|publisher=Reclam|year=1998|isbn=9783150170151|author-link=Lutz von Padberg}}</ref> Wilayah berbahasa Keltik adalah bagian dari Kekristenan Latin secara keseluruhan pada suatu waktu di mana tidak ada variasi regional dari liturgi dan struktur yang signifikan dengan penghormatan kolektif secara umum bagi [[Paus (Gereja Katolik)|Uskup Roma]] yang sama kuatnya di daerah berbahasa Keltik.<ref>{{harvnb|Sharpe|1984|pp=230-270}}; {{harvnb|Wormald|2006|pp=207–208, 220 n. 3}}</ref>
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* {{Cite book|editor-last=Flechner |editor-first=Roy |editor2-last=Meeder |editor2-first=Sven| title=The Irish in Early Medieval Europe: Identity, Culture and Religion|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=U5wmDAAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false |year= 2016|location=London |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=9781137430595 |ref=harv }}
* {{Cite book|last1=Herren|first1=Michael W.|last2=Brown|first2= Shirley Ann|authorlink= |title=Christ in Celtic Christianity |publisher=Boydell Press |location=Woodbridge |year=2002 |isbn=0-85115-889-7 |url={{google books|ZFqNUMa8bfYC|plainurl=yes}} |ref=harv }}
* {{Cite book|author-link=Kathleen Hughes (historian) |last=Hughes |first=Kathleen |title=The Celtic Church: Is This a Valid Concept? O'Donnell lectures in Celtic Studies, University of Oxford 1975 |journal=[[Cambridge Medieval Celtic Studies]] |volume=1 |year=1981 |pages=1–20 |ref=harv }}
* {{Cite book|last=Hughes |first=Kathleen |title=The Church in Early Irish Society |location=London |publisher=Methuen |year=1966|isbn=1-59740-067-X |oclc=711797907 |ref=harv }}
* {{Cite encyclopedia |last=Hughes |first=Kathleen |editor-last=Ó Cróinín |editor-first= Dáibhí |editor-link=Dáibhí Ó Cróinín |year=2005 |title=The Church in Early Irish Society: 400–800|encyclopedia= A New History of Ireland: Prehistoric and Early Ireland|publisher= Oxford University Press |volume= |isbn=978-0-19-922665-8|issue= |pages= |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=DgqOOkVrofcC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false|doi=|ref=harv}} [https://books.google.com/books?id=SJSDj1dDvNUC&pg=PA301&dq=The+Church+in+Early+Irish+Society+Hughes&ei=JDdIStbSDImSyASz0Mld Google Books link 2]
* {{cite book |last=John |first=Eric |authorlink=Eric John |chapter=The Social and Political Problems of the Early English Church |title=Anglo-Saxon History: Basic Readings |editor-first=David A. E. |editor-last=Pelteret |location=New York |publisher=Garland Publishing |date=2000 |ref=harv }}
* {{Cite book|last= Koch|first= John T.|coauthors= |title= Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia| publisher= ABC-CLIO|year=2006 |isbn= |ref=harv }}
* {{Cite book|title=A History of Wales from the Earliest Times to the Edwardian Conquest|last= Lloyd|first= John Edward|authorlink= John Edward Lloyd|coauthors= |year= 1912|publisher= Longmans, Green, and Co.|location= |isbn= |page= |pages= |url= https://books.google.com/?id=NYwNAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Lloyd+history+of+Wales#v=onepage&q= |accessdate=17 May 2010|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite journal|last= McCarthy|first= Daniel|authorlink= |coauthors= |year= 2003|month= |title= On the Shape of the Insular Tonsure|journal= Celtica |volume= 24|issue= |pages= 140–167|id= |url= http://www.celt.dias.ie/publications/celtica/c24/c24-140-167.pdf|accessdate=18 June 2009 |quote= |ref=harv }}
* {{Cite journal|last= Meeder|first= Sven|authorlink= |year= 2011|month= |title= Boniface and the Irish Heresy of Clemens |journal= Church History |volume= 80|issue= |pages= 251–80|id= |url= http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=8274031&fulltextType=RA&fileId=S0009640711000035 |accessdate= 1 August 2016 |quote= |ref=harv }}
* {{cite book |last=Nordenfalk |first=Carl |title=Celtic and Anglo-Saxon Painting: Book illumination in the British Isles 600–800 |location=New York |publisher=George Braziller |date=1977 }}
* {{cite book |last=Pächt |first=Otto |title=Book Illumination in the Middle Ages |date=1986 |publisher=Harvey Miller Publishers |location=London |isbn=0-19-921060-8 |ref=harv }}
* {{cite book |last=Ryan |first=John |title=Irish Monasticism, Origins and Early Development |publisher=Talbot Press |location=Dublin |date=1931 |ref=harv }}
* {{cite journal |last=Sharpe |first=Richard |authorlink=Richard Sharpe (historian) |title=Some problems concerning the organisation of the Church in early medieval Ireland |journal=[[Peritia]] |volume=3 |pages=230-70 |date=1984 |ref=harv }}
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* {{cite book |authorlink=Patrick Wormald |last=Wormald |first=Patrick |chapter=Bede and the 'Church of the English' |title=The Times of Bede: Studies in Early English Christian Society and its Historian |editor-first=Stephen |editor-last=Baxter |location=Oxford |publisher=Blackwell Publishing |date=2006 |ref=harv }}
* {{Cite book|last=Yorke |first=Barbara|authorlink= Barbara Yorke |title=The Conversion of Britain: Religion, Politics and Society in Britain c. 600–800 |publisher=Pearson/Longman |location=London |year=2006 |isbn=0-582-77292-3 |ref=harv }}
* {{Cite book|editor1-first=Susan |editor1-last=Youngs |title='The Work of Angels', Masterpieces of Celtic Metalwork, 6th–9th centuries AD |year=1989 |publisher=British Museum Press |location=London |isbn=0-7141-0554-6 |ref=harv }}
{{refend}}
== Pustaka tambahan ==
{{refbegin}}
* {{Cite book|year=1996 |last=Cahill |first=Thomas |title=How the Irish Saved Civilization |publisher=Anchor Books |isbn=0-385-41849-3 }}
* {{cite book |authorlink=Henry Mayr-Harting |last=Mayr-Harting |first=Henry |title=The Coming of Christianity to Anglo-Saxon England |edition=3rd |location=London |publisher=B.T. Batsford Ltd |date=1991 }}
{{refend}}
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