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[[en:User:Rochelimit]]
=Patung Buddha Duduk dari Gandhara=
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}
{{Use Pakistani English|date=July 2017}}
{{Infobox artifact
|image = [[File:Seated Buddha, British Museum 1.jpg|220px]]
|name = Seated Buddha from Gandhara
|image_caption = Seated Buddha from Gandhara on display in the [[British Museum]]
|material = schist (stone)
|size = Height: 95 cm<br>
Width: 53 cm<br>
Depth: 24 cm
|writing =
|created =
|period = c. 2nd - 3rd Century AD
|place = [[Jamal Garhi]], [[Gandhara]], [[Pakistan]]
|location = Room 33, [[British Museum]], London
|id =
|registration =
}}
The '''Seated Buddha from Gandhara''' is an early statue of the [[Buddha]] discovered at the site of [[Jamal Garhi]] in ancient [[Gandhara]] in modern-day [[Pakistan]], that dates to the 2nd or 3rd century AD. It is now in room 33 of the [[British Museum]].<ref name=bm>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/asia/s/seated_buddha_from_gandhara.aspx Seated Buddha from Gandhara], [[British Museum]] Highlights, accessed July 2010</ref> Statues of the "enlightened one" were not made until the 1st century CE, before that Buddha was represented by [[Aniconism in Buddhism|aniconic symbols such as his footprint]].<ref name="bbc"/> Like other Gandharan, or [[Greco-Buddhist art]], the statue shows influence from [[Ancient Greek art]], as the region had been part of the [[Greco-Bactrian Kingdom]] established by [[Alexander the Great]].
==Deskripsi==
The statue was carved in [[schist]], allowing very fine detail, even down to showing the fingernails. The pose, which was to become one of a number of standard ones, shows Buddha as a teacher setting the wheel of [[Dharma]] in motion ([[Iconography of Gautama Buddha in Laos and Thailand#Hand gestures|Dharmachakra Mudrā]]). Buddha did this following his enlightenment and after delivering his first sermon at the deer park at [[Sarnath]]<ref name=bm/> near [[Varanasi]] in [[Uttar Pradesh]]. The statue was made in the 2nd or 3rd century and although Buddha lived in the 4th century before Christ this is still a quite early statue. Statues of the "enlightened one" were not made until the 1st century AD. For the first four hundred years after his death Buddha was represented by symbols alone such as his footprint.<ref name="bbc">[http://www.bbc.co.uk/ahistoryoftheworld/objects/lp9wEwU9RrC4De5WrDawtg Seated Buddha], History of the World in 100 Objects, BBC, accessed July 2010</ref>
This statue was used as the inspiration of a [[BBC Radio 4]] programme in the series called ''[[A History of the World in 100 Objects]]'' in May 2010. The programme discussed the change that allowed Buddha to be represented by a statue instead of as previously by symbols alone.<ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00shk95 Seated Buddha from Gandhara], BBC Radio 4, accessed July 2010</ref>
The figure of the Buddha is shown on a cushion on a throne or platform. On the front of the throne there are much smaller figures of a ''[[bodhisattva]]'' with a [[Peshawari pagri|turban]] and [[halo (religious iconography)|halo]], flanked by kneeling figures of a male and female probably representing [[donor portraits]] of a couple who paid for the statue.<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/research/search_the_collection_database/search_object_details.aspx?objectid=225497&partid=1&searchText=RRI5353&fromADBC=ad&toADBC=ad&numpages=10&orig=%2fresearch%2fsearch_the_collection_database.aspx¤tPage=1 Collection database, British Museum]</ref>
==Patung yang sama==
There is a similar statue carved from black schist at [[Yale University Art Gallery]]<ref>[http://instructional1.calstatela.edu/bevans/art101/art101b-0-india/WebPage-Info.00036.html Seated Buddha], CalStateLA.edu, accessed July 2010</ref> Another comparable statue was sold by [[Christie's]] in September 2009 for $218,500. That statue dated from the same time and place and was 26 inches high.<ref>[http://www.christies.com/lotfinder/lot_details.aspx?intObjectID=5229822 A gray schist figure of a seated Buddha], Christies.com, 2009, accessed July 2010</ref> These Buddhas are widely considered to be the rarest of all Buddhist sculptures and despite [[iconoclasm]], they can be found in the museums of France, Germany, Japan, Korea, China, India, and Afghanistan as well as those still remaining in Pakistan.<ref>[http://www.heritage.gov.pk/html_Pages/gandhara.html Gandhara Civilization], Heritage.gov.pk, accessed July 2010</ref>
==Galeri==
<gallery>
File:Seated Buddha, British Museum.jpg|Another view of the seated Buddha in the British Museum
File:Gandhara Buddha Berlin Museum.jpg|Seated Buddha, Gandhara, Berlin Museum.
</gallery>
== Referensi==
{{Reflist}}
{{British Museum}}
{{Buddhism topics}}
{{British-Museum-100|41|Empress Pepper Pot|Gold coin of Kumaragupta I}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Buddha, Gandhara}}
[[Kategori:Pakistan]]
[[Kategori:India]]
[[Kategori:Gandhara]]
=Pichangatti=
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