Dura Parchment 24: Perbedaan antara revisi
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{{Infobox naskah
|form=Uncial
|number='''0212'''
|image=Dura_Parchment_24 (facsimile).JPG
|caption=Dura p. 24 dalam edisi faksimili (Kraeling 1935)
|name=Dura Parchment 24
|text=[[Diatessaron]]
|date=abad ke-3
|script=[[bahasa Yunani]]
|found=[[Dura-Europos|Dura]], 1933
|now at=[[Universitas Yale]]
|cite=C. H. Kraeling, ''A Greek Fragment of Tatians's Diatessaron from Dura'', S & D III (1935)
|size=[10.5] x [9.5] cm
|type=campuran
|cat=III|note=bacaan unik pada Lukas 23:49
}}
'''Dura Parchment 24''' (''Perkamen Dura 24''), diberi kode '''Uncial 0212''' (penomoran [[Naskah Alkitab|Gregory-Aland]]), adalah sebuah naskah [[Perjanjian Baru]] dalam [[bahasa Yunani]] dengan huruf [[uncial]]. Naskah ini diberi tarikh abad ke-3 berdasarkan [[paleografi]], meskipun tarikh yang lebih awal memungkinkan. Memuat beberapa fitur [[ortografi]] tidak lazim, yang tidak ditemukan di naskah lain.
Mungkin satu-satunya naskah [[Diatessaron]] dalam bahasa Yunani yang terlestarikan, kecuali jika [[Papirus 25]] juga merupakan saksi karya itu. Teks fragmen direkonstruksi oleh Kraeling dan Welles.
== Sejarah naskah ==
Baris 13 ⟶ 27:
Menurut Plooij "tidak ada keraguan bahwa fragmen ini benar-benar Tatian".<ref>Plooij, D., ''A Fragment of Tatian's Diatessaron in Greek'', The Expository Times, Vol. 46, No. 10, p. 472 (1935)</ref>
Menurut Parker, Taylor, dan Goodacre merupakan harmoni lain dari empat Injil, yang berbeda dengan Diatessaron, dan lebih dekat dengan teks dari Injil.<ref>D. C. Parker, D. G. K Taylor and M. S. Goodacre, ''The Dura-Europos Gospel Harmony'', in: D. G. K. Taylor, ''Studies in the Early Text of the Gospels and Acts'', SBL Text-Critical Studies 1 (Atlanta, GA 1999), pp. 192-228.</ref> Jan Joosten mengkritik metode yang digunakan oleh Taylor, Goodacre, dan Parker, karena menurutnyaa, metode ini akan menghilangkan banyak saksi naskah Tatian lainnya karena keragaman dan variasi dalam saksi-saksi itu. Dura Parchment tidak memuat bukti komposisi non-Diatessaron.<ref>[http://ecwar.org/Chapter5Tatian.pdf Tatian's Diatessaron]
Naskah ini telah ditambahkan ke dalam daftar naskah Perjanjian Baru oleh Kurt Aland pada tahun 1953.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Kurzgefasste Liste der griechieschen Handschriften des Neuen Testaments|last=Kurt Aland|publisher=Walter de Gruyter|year=1963|location=Berlin|page=10}}</ref>
== Deskripsi ==
Hanya satu sisi dari lembaran ini yang telah digunakan, dan mungkin juga berasal dari suatu gulungan.<ref>D. C. Parker, D. G. K. Taylor, [//en.wiki-indonesia.club/wiki/Mark_Goodacre M. S. Goodacre], "The Dura-Europos Gospel Harmony," in ''Studies in the Early Text of the Gospels and Acts'', ed. D. G .K. Taylor, Birmingham: University of Birmingham Press, 1999, p. 192 ff.</ref>
Teks ditulis satu kolom per halaman, 15 (atau lebih) baris per halaman, 30-35 huruf per baris, dalam huruf-huruf [[uncial]].
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Parts of the leaf have decayed, resulting in some loss from the text — approximately the first five to seven letters of each line. Additionally, some other letters are not legible.
Classic ''[[nomina sacra]]'' abbreviations were employed by the scribe, with the typical linear superscript.<ref>See: {{Cite book | author = [[Bruce M. Metzger]] | title = Manuscripts of the Greek Bible: An Introduction to Palaeography | publisher = Oxford University Press | location = Oxford | year = 1981 | chapter = Plate 8 | page = 67}}</ref>
The text is written in a good book-hand. There are three kinds of ''[[alpha (letter)|alpha]]'': the older [[Capital letter#History|capital]], the [[uncial]], and the [[Lower case|3rd-century-cursive–type]]. The letters ''[[tau]]'' and ''[[eta (letter)|eta]]'' (in the word της — 'the') have unusual characters, and were written with [[Typographic ligature|ligature]]s. The letter ''[[Mu (letter)|mu]]'' is characterized by a deep saddle.<ref name = Metzger>Bruce M. Metzger, ''Manuscripts of the Greek Bible: An Introduction to Palaeography'', Oxford University Press, Oxford 1981, p. 66.</ref>
The text of the manuscript has some unusual [[orthography|orthographic]] features, which have been found nowhere else. For example, the letter ''[[upsilon (letter)|upsilon]]'' (Υ) appears at several points in the text, but not connected with it in any way that has yet been understood. (See text transcription below, with lower case ''upsilon'' — υ.)
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=== Textual character of 0212 ===
In Luke 23:49 it contains a unique reading: "the wives of those who had been his disciples".<ref name = Metzger/> In Matthew 27:57, the city [[Arimathea]], normally spelled Αριμαθαια, is spelled Ερινμαθαια (Erinmathea).<ref name = Early32>Bruce M. Metzger, ''The Early Versions of the New Testament: Their Origin, Transmission and Limitations'', Oxford: [[Clarendon Press]], 1977, p. 32.</ref>
The text twice agrees with [[Codex Vaticanus]] and [[Coptic versions of the Bible|Bohairic]] against everything else (in line 1. added αι before γυναικης; in line 9. και between αγαθος and δικαιος is omitted).<ref name = Kraeling36>Kraeling, Carl H. [https://archive.org/stream/MN41439ucmf_4#page/n47/mode/2up ''A Greek Fragment of Tatians's Diatessaron from Dura'']. ''Studies and Documents'' '''3''' (London, 1935), p. 36</ref>
There are two agreements with [[Codex Bezae]], in line 4 it has ην δε η ημερα παρασκευη for και ημερα ην παρασκευη [or παρασκευς], in line 9 και ανηρ is omitted.<ref name = Kraeling36/>
The fragment has two agreements with [[Syriac Sinaitic]]. First Syriac Sinaitic shares with Codex Bezae the reading ην δε η ημερα for και ημερα ην, and secondly it describes Arimathaea as "city of Judea" instead of "city of the Jews".<ref>Kraeling, Carl H. [https://archive.org/stream/MN41439ucmf_4#page/n47/mode/2up ''A Greek Fragment of Tatians's Diatessaron from Dura'']. ''Studies and Documents'' '''3''' (London, 1935), pp. 36-37</ref> The last reading is supported by other Syriac authorities, by Old-Latin [[Codex Veronensis]], [[Vulgate]], and the Arabic Harmony, against the entire Greek tradition.<ref>William Lawrence Petersen, [https://books.google.com/books?id=E_NufgoxSasC&pg=PA201&lpg=PA201&dq=D.+Plooij,+%27%27A+Fragment+of+Tatian%27s+Diatessaron+in+Greek%22&source=bl&ots=N72Jg3eWRb&sig=EQdep0j5tSmNI49FcY79RtUyDwY&hl=en&ei=eWnCS4THFtKKOJ7ZhJcE&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CBEQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q&f=false ''Tatian's Diatessaron: its creation, dissemination, significance, and history in scholarship''], Brill: Leiden 1994, p. 201</ref> The fragment does not agree with the Syriac reading ''Ramtha'' for ''Arimethaea''.<ref name = Kraeling36/>
The text-type of this manuscript is no longer classifiable, because of the Diatessaric character of text (likewise Papyrus 25). Even so, [[Kurt Aland|Aland]] placed it in [[Categories of New Testament manuscripts#Category III|Category III]].<ref name = Aland/>
-->
=== Rekonstruksi Kraeling ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Teks bahasa Yunani
! Terjemahan Inggris
! Terjemahan Indonesia
! Referensi
|- style="background:#FFEBCD"
| Ζεβεδαίου / καὶ Σαλώμη / καὶ γυναικες
| ... Zebedee and Salome and the wives
| ... Zebedeus dan Salome dan istri-istri
| Matius 27:56 / Markus 15:40 / Lukas 23:49b-c
|- style="background:#FFEBCD"
| αἱ συνακολουθοῦσαι αὐτῷ ἀπὸ τῆς
| of those who had followed him from
| mereka yang telah mengikuti-Nya dari
|
|- style="background:#FFEBCD"
| Γαλιλαίας ὁρῶσαι ταῦτα / καὶ
| Galilee to see the crucified. And
| Galilea dan melihat (orang yang) tersalibkan. Dan
| Lukas 23:54
|- style="background:#FFEBCD"
| ἡμέρα ἦν παρασκευῆς καὶ σάββατον ἐπέϕω-
| the day was Preparation: the Sabbath was daw-
| hari itu adalah (hari) Persiapan: Sabat sudah menje-
|
|- style="background:#FFEBCD"
| σκεν / ὀψίας δὲ γενομένης / ἐπεὶ ἠν παρασ-
| ning. And when it was evening, on the Prep-
| lang. Dan ketika sudah petang, pada (hari) Persi-
| Matius 27:57 / Markus 15:42
|- style="background:#FFEBCD"
| κευή, ὅ ἐστι προσάββατον /
| aration, that is, the day before the Sabbath,
| apan, yaitu, hari sebelum Sabat,
|
|- style="background:#FFEBCD"
| ἦλθεν ἄνθρωπος πλούσιος / βουλευτὴς ὑπάρχων
| there came up a man, [be]ing a member of the council,
| datanglah seorang laki-laki, [y]ang seorang anggota dewan
| Matius 27:57 / Lukas 23:50
|- style="background:#FFEBCD"
| ἀπὸ Ἀριμαθαίας / πόλεως τῶν
| from Arimathea, a city of
| dari Arimatea, sebuah kota
| [Matius 27:57] / Lukas 23:51
|- style="background:#FFEBCD"
| Ἰουδαίων / τοὔνομα Ἰωσὴϕ / ἀνὴρ ἄγαθος καὶ δί-
| Judea, by name Joseph, good and ri-
| Yudea, bernama Yusuf, baik dan sa-
| Matius 27:57 / Lukas 23:50a / Lukas 23:50c
|- style="background:#FFEBCD"
| καιος / ὣν μαθητὴς τοῦ Ἰησοῦ κε-
| ghteous man, being a disciple of Jesus, but
| leh orangnya, adalah seorang murid Yesus, tetapi
| Yohanes 19:38
|- style="background:#FFEBCD"
| κρυμμένος δὲ διὰ τὸν φόβον τῶν
| secretly, for fear of the
| diam-diam, karena takut kepada
|
|- style="background:#FFEBCD"
| Ἰουδαίων / καὶ αὐτὸς / προσεδέχετο
| Jews. And he was looking for
| orang-orang Yahudi. Dan ia mencari
| Matius 27:57 / Lukas 23:51b
|- style="background:#FFEBCD"
| τὴν βασιλείαν τοῦ θεοῦ, / οὗτος ούκ
| the kingdom of God. This man had not
| Kerajaan Allah. Orang ini tidak
| Lukas 23:51a
|- style="background:#FFEBCD"
| ἦν συνκατατεθειμένος τῇ βουλῇ
| consented to their purpose…
| menyetujui maksud mereka...
|
|}
: Teks bahasa Yunani dan rujukan mengikuti Kraeling,<ref>Kraeling, Carl H. [https://archive.org/stream/MN41439ucmf_4#page/n51/mode/2up ''A Greek Fragment of Tatians's Diatessaron from Dura'']. ''Studies and Documents'' '''3''' (London, 1935), p.39</ref> terjemahan bahasa Inggris menurut C. Badford Welles.<ref name = Welles/>
<!--
=== Rekonstruksi Welles ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! <center> Teks bahasa Yunani </center>
! <center> Terjemahan Inggris </center>
! Referensi
|- style="background:#FFEBCD"
|
| ...[the mother of the sons of
|
|- style="background:#FFEBCD"
| [Ζεβεδ]αι̣ο̣υ και Σαλωμη κ[α]ι̣ α̣ι γ̣υ̣ν̣αικες
| Zebed]ee and Salome and the wives
| Matt. 27:56 / Mark 15:40 / Luke 23:49b-c
|- style="background:#FFEBCD"
| [των συ]ν̣ακολουθησανων α̣[υτ]ω υ απο της
| [of those who] had followed him from
|
|- style="background:#FFEBCD"
| [Γαλιλαι]α̣ς ορωσαι τον στ[αυρωθεντ]α. υυυ ην δε
| [Galile]e to see the crucified. And
| Luke 23:54
|- style="background:#FFEBCD"
| [η ημερ]α Παρασκευη. υ Σαββατον επεφω-
| [the da]y was Preparation: the Sabbath was daw-
|
|- style="background:#FFEBCD"
|[σκεν. ο]ψ̣ιας δε γενομενης επι τ̣[η Π]α̣ρ[α]σ-
|[ning]. And when it was evening, on the Prep-
| Matt. 27:57 Mark 15:42
|- style="background:#FFEBCD"
|[κευη], υ ο εστιν Προσαββατον, πρ̣ο̣σ-
|[aration], that is, the day before the Sabbath,
|
|- style="background:#FFEBCD"
|[ηλθην] ανθρωπος βουλευτη̣[ς υ]π̣α̣ρ-
|[there came] up a man, [be]ing a member of the council,
| Matt. 27:57 / Luke 23:50
|- style="background:#FFEBCD"
|[χων α]π̣ο Ερινμαθαια[ς] π[ο]λ̣ε̣ω̣ς της
|from Arimathea, a c[i]ty of
| [Matt. 27:57] / Luke 23:51
|- style="background:#FFEBCD"
|[Ιουδαι]ας, ονομα Ιω[σεφ], α[γ]αθος̣ δι-
|[Jude]a, by name Jo[seph], g[o]od and ri-
| Matt. 27:57 / Luke 23:50a / Luke 23:50c
|- style="background:#FFEBCD"
|[καιος], ων μαθητης τ[ο]υ̣ Ιη(σου), κ̣ε- υυυυ
|[ghteous], being a disciple of Jesus, but
| John 19:38
|- style="background:#FFEBCD"
|[κρυμ]μενος δε δια τ̣ο̣ν̣ φ̣ο̣βον των
|se[cret]ly, for fear of the
|
|- style="background:#FFEBCD"
|[Ιουδαιω]ν, και αυτος προσεδεχτο
|[Jew]s. And he was looking for
| Matt. 27:57 / Luke 23:51b
|- style="background:#FFEBCD"
|[την] υ β̣[ασιλειαν] του̣ Θ(εο)υ ο̣υτος ουκ
|[the] k[ingdom] of God. This man [had] not
| Luke 23:51a
|- style="background:#FFEBCD"
|[ην συνκατατ] ιθεμ̣εν̣[ο]ς̣ τη β̣[ουλη]
|[con]sented to [their] p[urpose]...
|
|}
: Kedua rekonstruksi teks dan terjemahan mengikuti C. Badford Welles.<ref name = Welles>C. Badford Welles, and others, ''The Parchments and Papyri'', volume 5, (New Haven, 1959), pp. 23-24.</ref>
== Nilai penting ==
The surviving leaf of the scroll or codex described here, was found in 1933, during excavations among the ruins of [[Dura-Europos]], known to have been destroyed by [[Shapur I]] King of Persia in 256. This means the manuscript must have been written ''before'' 256 (known as a ''[[terminus ad quem]]'').<ref name = Metzger/> The time between Tatian's original composition and the production of this copy could not have been longer than 80 years (though it could have been shorter).<ref name = Early>[[Bruce M. Metzger]], ''The Early Versions of the New Testament: Their Origin, Transmission and Limitations'', Oxford: [[Clarendon Press]], 1977, pp. 11-12.</ref>
Before this find, the only copies of the Diatessaron known to modern scholarship were translations into languages other than Greek—notably Latin, Arabic, and Armenian. This fragment is potentially much more direct evidence that Tatian composed his Diatessaron with great diligence. "Probably he worked from four separate manuscripts, one for each of the Gospels, and, as he brought together phrases, now from this Gospel and now that, he would no doubt cross out those phrases in the manuscripts from which he was copying."<ref name = Early/>
The fragment does not help in the discussion of a Greek or Syriac origin of the Diatessaron. [[Francis Crawford Burkitt|Burkitt]] pointed two differences between its text of Luke 23:51 and the Old Syriac manuscripts of the Gospels (''the kingdom of Heaven'' ] ''the kingdom of God''), in agreement with the accepted Greek text.<ref>F. C. Burkitt, ''The Dura Fragment of Tatian'', JTS 1935 XXXVI, pp. 255-259</ref> Baumstark, on the other hand, identified several presumed Syriasms in the diction, as well as the unusual spelling of Arimathea, Ερινμαθαια, yang berasal dari bahasa Suryani.<ref name = Early32/>
-->
== Lokasi ==
Dura Parchment 24 saat ini disimpan di [[Universitas Yale]] (P. Dura 24), [[New Haven, Connecticut|New Haven,]] dengan nomor katalog Dura Parch. 10.<ref name="Aland">{{Cite book|title=The Text of the New Testament: An Introduction to the Critical Editions and to the Theory and Practice of Modern Textual Criticism|last=Aland|first=Kurt|last2=Aland|first2=Barbara|publisher=[[William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company]]|others=Erroll F. Rhodes (trans.)|year=1995|isbn=978-0-8028-4098-1|location=Grand Rapids|pages=104, 125|author-link=Kurt Aland|author-link2=Barbara Aland}}</ref><ref name="INTF">{{Cite web|url=http://intf.uni-muenster.de/vmr/NTVMR/ListeHandschriften.php|title=Liste Handschriften|publisher=Institute for New Testament Textual Research|location=Münster|access-date=22 April 2011}}</ref>
== Lihat pula ==
{{Portal|Kristen}}
* [[Daftar Uncial Perjanjian Baru]]
* [[Diatessaron]]
== Referensi ==
{{Reflist|2}}
== Pustaka ==
* Baumstark, A. {{de icon}} ''Das Griechische Diatessaron-Fragment von Dura Europos''. ''[[Oriens Christianus]]'' '''10''' (Rome, 1978): 244–252.
* [[Francis Crawford Burkitt|Burkitt, F. C.]], ''The Dura Fragment of Tatian''. ''[[Journal of Theological Studies|JTS]]'' '''36''' (Oxford, 1935): 192–293.
* [[Joosten Jan]], [https://www.jstor.org/pss/1584632 ''The Dura Parchment and the Diatessaron''], Vigiliae Christiane, V 57 N 2 May 2003, pp. 159–175
* [[Carl Herman Kraeling|Kraeling, Carl H.]], [https://archive.org/stream/MN41439ucmf_4#page/n3/mode/2up ''A Greek Fragment of Tatians's Diatessaron from Dura'']. ''Studies and Documents '''3''' (London, 1935). — facsimile, transcription, and introduction
* Lagrange, M.-J. {{fr icon}} "Deux nouveaux textes relatifs à l'évangile". ''[[Revue Biblique]]'' '''46''' (Paris, 1935): 321–327. — transcription and facsimile
* Lietzmann, Hans. {{de icon}} "Neue Evangelienpapyri". ''[[Zeitschrift für die Neutestamentliche Wissenschaft|ZNW]]'' '''34''' (Berlin, 1935): 291–293.
* [[David C. Parker|Parker, D. C.]], D. G. K Taylor and M. S. Goodacre, ''The Dura-Europos Gospel Harmony'', in: D. G. K. Taylor, ''Studies in the Early Text of the Gospels and Acts'', SBL Text-Critical Studies 1 (Atlanta, GA 1999), pp. 192–228.
* Plooij, D., ''A Fragment of Tatian's Diatessaron in Greek'', The Expository Times, Vol. 46, No. 10, 471-476 (1935)
* Welles, C. Badford, R. O. Fink, and J. F. Gilliam, "The Parchments and Papyri", ''Excavation Report'' '''5''' (New Haven, 1959): 23–24. — re-edition of Kraeling's work with a few minor corrections.
== Pranala luar ==
* {{cite web |url=http://www.skypoint.com/members/waltzmn/ManuscriptsUncials.html#u0212 |title=An Introduction to New Testament Textual Criticism |accessdate=2011-04-22 |author=Waltz, Robert |work=A Site Inspired By: The Encyclopedia of New Testament Textual Criticism}}
* Leslie McFall, [https://web.archive.org/web/20080725173344/http://www.btinternet.com/~lmf12/TatianArticle.pdf#page=8 ''Tatian's Diatessaron: Mischievous or Misleading?''], JTL, vol. 56 (1994), pp. 87–114.
{{DEFAULTSORT:Uncial 0212}}
[[Kategori:Karya abad ke-3]]
[[Kategori:Naskah Uncial Perjanjian Baru]]
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