Leonhard Euler: Perbedaan antara revisi

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== Referensi ==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}|refs=
 
<ref name=mathg>{{MathGenealogy|id=38586}}</ref>
 
<ref name=pronun>The pronunciation {{IPAc-en|ˈ|juː|l|ər}} is incorrect. "Euler", [[Oxford English Dictionary]], second edition, Oxford University Press, 1989 [http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Euler "Euler"], [[Webster's Dictionary|Merriam–Webster's Online Dictionary]], 2009. [http://ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=Euler%2C+Leonhard&submit.x=40&submit.y=16 "Euler, Leonhard"], [[The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language]], fifth edition, Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, 2011. {{cite book|title=Nets, Puzzles, and Postmen: An Exploration of Mathematical Connections|author=Peter M. Higgins|year=2007|publisher=Oxford University Press|page=43}}</ref>
 
<ref name="function">{{harvnb|Dunham|1999|p=17}}</ref>
 
<ref name=eulerarch>{{cite web|url=http://eulerarchive.maa.org/pages/E033.html |author=Saint Petersburg |title=Tentamen novae theoriae musicae ex certissimis harmoniae principiis dilucide expositae |publisher= |date=1739 |accessdate= }}</ref>
 
<ref name="volumes">{{cite journal |last = Finkel |first = B. F. |year = 1897 |title = Biography—Leonard Euler |journal = The American Mathematical Monthly |volume = 4 | issue = 12 |jstor = 2968971|pages = 297–302|doi=10.2307/2968971 }}</ref>
 
<ref name="Laplace">{{harvnb|Dunham|1999|p=xiii}} "Lisez Euler, lisez Euler, c'est notre maître à tous."</ref>
 
<ref name=libri>The quote appeared in Gugliemo Libri's review of a recently published collection of correspondence among eighteenth-century mathematicians: Gugliemo Libri (January 1846), Book review: "Correspondance mathématique et physique de quelques célèbres géomètres du XVIIIe siècle, … " (Mathematical and physical correspondence of some famous geometers of the eighteenth century, … ), ''Journal des Savants'', [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k57253t/f52.image.langEN page 51.] From page 51: ''" … nous rappellerions que Laplace lui même, … ne cessait de répéter aux jeunes mathématiciens ces paroles mémorables que nous avons entendues de sa propre bouche : 'Lisez Euler, lisez Euler, c'est notre maître à tous.' "'' ( … we would recall that Laplace himself, … never ceased to repeat to young mathematicians these memorable words that we heard from his own mouth: 'Read Euler, read Euler, he is our master in everything.)</ref>
 
<ref name="childhood">{{cite book |last= James |first= Ioan |title= Remarkable Mathematicians: From Euler to von Neumann |publisher= Cambridge |year= 2002|page=2 |isbn= 0-521-52094-0}}</ref>
 
<ref name=17cent>{{cite web|url=http://www.17centurymaths.com/contents/euler/e002tr.pdf |author=Ian Bruce |title=Euler's Dissertation De Sono : E002. Translated & Annotated |publisher=17centurymaths.com |date= |accessdate=14 September 2011 }}</ref>
 
<ref name="prize">{{harvnb|Calinger|1996|p=156}}</ref>
 
<ref name="stpetersburg">{{harvnb|Calinger|1996|p=125}}</ref>
 
<ref name="medic">{{harvnb|Calinger|1996|p=127}}</ref>
 
<ref name="promotion">{{harvnb|Calinger|1996|pp=128–9}}</ref>
 
<ref name=gekker>{{Cite book | first1=I. R. | last1=Gekker | first2=A. A. | last2=Euler | chapter=Leonhard Euler's family and descendants |chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ta9bz1wv79AC&pg=PA402 |title={{harvnb|Bogolyubov|Mikhaĭlov|Yushkevich|2007|page=402}} |ref={{harvid|Gekker|Euler|2007}}}}</ref>
 
<ref name="wife">{{cite web| url=http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Extras/Euler_Fuss_Eulogy.html| title = Eulogy of Euler by Fuss| accessdate =30 August 2006| last = Fuss| first = Nicolas}}</ref>
 
<ref name=dartm>{{cite web| title = E212&nbsp;– Institutiones calculi differentialis cum eius usu in analysi finitorum ac doctrina serierum|publisher=Dartmouth|url=http://www.math.dartmouth.edu/~euler/pages/E212.html}}</ref>
 
<ref name="Friedrich">{{harvnb|Dunham|1999|pp=xxiv–xxv}}</ref>
 
<ref name='Digital Copy of "Letters to a German Princess"'>{{cite web|last=Euler|first=Leonhard|title=Letters to a German Princess on Diverse Subjects of Natural Philosophy|url=https://archive.org/details/letterseulertoa00eulegoog|publisher=Internet Archive, Digitzed by Google|accessdate=15 April 2013}}</ref>
 
<ref name=fredlett>{{cite book | title=Letters of Voltaire and Frederick the Great, Letter H 7434, 25 January 1778 | author=Frederick II of Prussia | author-link=Frederick II of Prussia | publisher=Brentano's | location=New York | year=1927 | others=[[Richard Aldington]] }}</ref>
 
<ref name="blind">{{harvnb|Calinger|1996|pp=154–5}}</ref>
 
<ref name=gekker2>{{harvnb|Gekker|Euler|2007|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=Ta9bz1wv79AC&pg=PA405 405]}}</ref>
 
<ref name=AAAS>{{cite web|title=Book of Members, 1780–2010: Chapter E|url=http://www.amacad.org/publications/BookofMembers/ChapterE.pdf|publisher=American Academy of Arts and Sciences|accessdate=28 July 2014}}</ref>
 
<ref name="euler">{{cite book|title=Leonhard Euler|author=A. Ya. Yakovlev|year=1983|publisher=Prosvesheniye|location=M.}}</ref>
 
<ref name=novaacta>{{cite journal| year = 1783| title = Eloge de M. Leonhard Euler. Par M. Fuss| journal = Nova Acta Academiae Scientiarum Imperialis Petropolitanae | volume = 1| pages = 159–212 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/38629#page/177/mode/1up}}</ref>
 
<ref name=condorcet>{{cite web| url = http://www.math.dartmouth.edu/~euler/historica/condorcet.html| title = Eulogy of Euler&nbsp;– Condorcet| accessdate =30 August 2006| author =Marquis de Condorcet}}</ref>
 
<ref name=derbysh>{{cite book|last=Derbyshire|first=John|title=[[Prime Obsession]]: Bernhard Riemann and the Greatest Unsolved Problem in Mathematics|year=2003|publisher=Joseph Henry Press|location=Washington, D.C.|page=422}}</ref>
 
<ref name="Basel">{{cite book| last = Wanner| first = Gerhard|author2=Hairer, Ernst | title = Analysis by its history| edition = 1st|date=March 2005| publisher = Springer| page = 63}}</ref>
 
<ref name=Boyer>{{cite book|title = A History of Mathematics|last= Boyer|first=Carl B.|author2=Merzbach, Uta C.|author2-link= Uta Merzbach |publisher= [[John Wiley & Sons]]|isbn= 0-471-54397-7|pages = 439–445|year = 1991}}</ref>
 
<ref name="Feynman">
{{cite book |last= Feynman|first= Richard|title= The Feynman Lectures on Physics: Volume I|page=10 |chapter= Chapter 22: Algebra |date=June 1970}}</ref>
 
<ref name=MathInt>{{cite journal | last= Wells | first= David | year= 1990 | title = Are these the most beautiful? | journal = Mathematical Intelligencer | volume = 12 | issue = 3 | pages= 37–41 | doi= 10.1007/BF03024015 }}<br />{{cite journal | last= Wells | first= David | year= 1988 | title = Which is the most beautiful? | journal = Mathematical Intelligencer | volume = 10 | issue = 4 | pages= 30–31 | doi= 10.1007/BF03023741 }}</ref>
 
<ref name="analysis">{{harvnb|Dunham|1999|loc=Ch. 3, Ch. 4}}</ref>
 
<ref name="numbertheory">{{harvnb|Dunham|1999|loc=Ch. 1, Ch. 4}}</ref>
 
<ref name=caldwell>Caldwell, Chris. [http://primes.utm.edu/notes/by_year.html ''The largest known prime by year'']</ref>
 
<ref name="bridge">{{cite journal| last = Alexanderson| first = Gerald|authorlink=Gerald L. Alexanderson|date=July 2006| title = Euler and Königsberg's bridges: a historical view| journal = Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society| doi = 10.1090/S0273-0979-06-01130-X| volume = 43| page = 567| issue = 4}}</ref>
 
<ref name=cromw>{{cite book |first=Peter R. |last=Cromwell |title=Polyhedra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OJowej1QWpoC&pg=PA189 |year=1999 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-66405-9 |pages=189–190}}</ref>
 
<ref name=gibbons>{{cite book |first=Alan |last=Gibbons |title=Algorithmic Graph Theory |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Be6t04pgggwC&pg=PA72 |year=1985 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-28881-1 |page=72}}</ref>
 
<ref name="Cauchy">{{cite journal|author=Cauchy, A. L.|year=1813|title=Recherche sur les polyèdres—premier mémoire|journal=[[Journal de l'École Polytechnique]]|volume= 9 (Cahier 16)|pages=66–86}}</ref>
 
<ref name="Lhuillier">{{cite journal|author=L'Huillier, S.-A.-J.|title=Mémoire sur la polyèdrométrie|journal=Annales de Mathématiques|volume=3|year=1861|pages=169–189}}</ref>
 
<ref name="music">{{harvnb|Calinger|1996|pp=144–5}}</ref>
 
<ref name=yousch>{{cite book |url= |title=Dictionary of Scientific Biography |first=A P |last=Youschkevitch |year=1970–1990 |publisher=New York |isbn= |page= }}</ref>
 
<ref name="optics">{{cite journal
| author = Home, R. W.
| year = 1988
| title = Leonhard Euler's 'Anti-Newtonian' Theory of Light
| journal = Annals of Science
| volume = 45
| issue = 5
| pages = 521–533 | doi = 10.1080/00033798800200371
}}</ref>
 
<ref name=euler2>{{cite journal|last=Euler|first=Leonhard|title=Principes généraux de l'état d'équilibre d'un fluide|trans-title=General principles of the state of equilibrium of a fluid|journal=Académie Royale des Sciences et des Belles-Lettres de Berlin, Mémoires|year=1757|volume=11|pages=217–273|url=http://arxiv-web3.library.cornell.edu/pdf/0802.2383.pdf}}</ref>
 
<ref name="SIAM">{{cite journal | url=http://www.cs.purdue.edu/homes/wxg/EulerLect.pdf | title=Leonhard Euler: His Life, the Man, and His Work | last=Gautschi | first=Walter | journal=SIAM Review | year=2008 | volume=50 | issue=1 | pages=3–33 | doi=10.1137/070702710|bibcode = 2008SIAMR..50....3G }}</ref>
 
<ref name="logic">{{cite journal |last=Baron |first=M. E. |title=A Note on The Historical Development of Logic Diagrams |journal=The Mathematical Gazette |volume=LIII |issue=383 |pages=113–125 |date=May 1969 |jstor=3614533}}</ref>
 
<ref name=quest>{{cite web|url=http://www.readingquest.org/strat/venn.html|author=|title=Strategies for Reading Comprehension Venn Diagrams|publisher=|date=|accessdate=|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090429093334/http://readingquest.org/strat/venn.html|archivedate=29 April 2009|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
 
<ref name="wolff">{{harvnb|Calinger|1996|pp=153–4}}</ref>
 
<ref name="diderot">{{cite journal| last = Brown | first = B. H.|date=May 1942| title = The Euler–Diderot Anecdote| journal =The American Mathematical Monthly| volume = 49| issue = 5| pages = 302–303| doi = 10.2307/2303096| jstor = 2303096}}; {{cite journal| last = Gillings | first = R. J.|date=February 1954| title = The So-Called Euler–Diderot Incident| journal =The American Mathematical Monthly| volume = 61| issue = 2| pages = 77–80| doi = 10.2307/2307789| jstor = 2307789}}</ref>
 
<ref name=persee>{{cite web|last=Marty|first=Jacques|title=Quelques aspects des travaux de Diderot en Mathematiques Mixtes.|url=http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/rde_0769-0886_1988_num_4_1_954}}</ref>
 
<ref name="brown">{{cite journal | journal = [[American Mathematical Monthly]] | volume=49 | issue=5 | last1 = Brown | first1 = B.H. | title = The Euler–Diderot Anecdote | pages = 302–303 |date=May 1942 | doi=10.2307/2303096}}</ref>
 
<ref name="Struik">{{cite book | title = A Concise History of Mathematics | edition = 3rd revised | last1 = Struik | first1 = Dirk J. | publisher = [[Dover Books]] | year = 1967 | page = 129 | authorlink = Dirk Jan Struik | isbn = 0486602559 }}</ref>
 
<ref name="gillings">{{cite journal | journal = [[American Mathematical Monthly]] | volume=61 | issue=2 | last1 = Gillings | first1 = R.J. | title = The So-Called Euler-Diderot Anecdote | pages = 77–80 |date=Feb 1954 | doi=10.2307/2307789}}</ref>
 
<ref name="theology">{{cite journal| last = Euler| first = Leonhard | editor = Orell-Fussli| year = 1960| title = Rettung der Göttlichen Offenbahrung Gegen die Einwürfe der Freygeister| journal = Leonhardi Euleri Opera Omnia (series 3)| volume = 12 }}</ref>
 
<!--<ref name=indep>{{cite news|last=Williams|first=Rob|title=Google Doodle celebrates Leonhard Euler – Swiss mathematician considered one of the greatest of all time |url=http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech/news/google-doodle-celebrates-leonhard-euler--swiss-mathematician-considered-one-of-the-greatest-of-all-time-8573041.html|location=London|work=The Independent|date=15 April 2013}}</ref>-->
 
<ref name=dartm2>[http://math.dartmouth.edu/~euler/pages/E065.html E65 — Methodus... entry at Euler Archives]. Math.dartmouth.edu. Retrieved on 14 September 2011.</ref>
 
}}
 
== Pranala luar ==