Pistol mitraliur Sterling: Perbedaan antara revisi
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{{Infobox weapon
|name = Sterling
| image = [[
| image_size = 300
|caption = Pistol mitraliur Sterling L2A3 (Mark 4)
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'''Mitraliur Sterling''' adalah sebuah [[pistol mitraliur]] buatan [[Inggris]]. Senjata ini diuji oleh [[British Army]] pada tahun 1944–1945 sebagai pengganti [[Sten]] tetapi baru keluar secara resmi pada 1953. Senjata ini tetap berjaya sampai 1994, ketika digantikan oleh [[SA80|senapan serbu L85A1]] mulai diproduksi.
== Latar belakang ==
Atas permintaan dari Staf Jendral Inggris, [[George William Patchett]] merancang purPerangupa karbin mesin Patchett dengan tampilan atau bentuk yang tidak terlalu jauh berbeda dengan [[Sten]] Namun, purPerangupa ini memperhatikan hal yang semula diabaikan oleh Sten, yaitu kenyamanan ([[ergonomika]]). Tidak ada lagi pelat besi berlubang pada pistol mitraliur Patchett, karena digantikan dengan gagang pistol yang jauh lebih nyaman digenggam oleh operator. Di bagian depan ditambahkan pelindung laras dengan bentuk silinder berlubang-lubang agar tangan tak lagi kepanasan saat menembak dengan mode full auto, ini juga mencegah agar penembak tidak mengandalkan [[magazen]] sebagai pegangan seperti pada pistol mitraliur Sten, yang berpotensial memacetkan pasokan peluru ke dalam kamar tembak.
Mekanisme internalnya dibuat sama sederhana dan praktis seperti pada Sten, dengan satu bolt carrier besar dan firing pin yang disatukan keduanya dan tak dapat bergerak bebas. Pada bolt terdapat beberapa fitur berupa goresan atau coakan berupa alur radial/ulir, yang berfungsi untuk mengumpulkan debu atau kotoran di dalam mekanisme yang dibuang keluar saat bolt kembali ke posisi depan.
== Masa dinas ==
Kemunculan pertama pistol mitraliur patchet terjadi saat [[Operasi Market Garden]], walaupun sebenarnya pistol mitraliur satu ini baru dirilis secara resmi sebagai Sterling L2A1 pada tahun 1953. Selama 40 tahun berikutnya, Sterling menjadi pistol mitraliur yang sangat dicintai oleh penggunanya karena andal, mudah dioperasikan, dan yang paling penting, mudah dibersihkan serta tak mudah macet.
[[British Paras]] adalah pengguna setia pistol mitraliur ini. Salah satu perwiranya, Kolonel Herbert “H” Jones tewas saat maju ke depan menyerbu dengan Sterling di Goose Green dalam [[Perang Falkland]]. Saat Sterling harus terpinggirkan oleh senapan serbu [[SA80]], dan banyak yang menyayangkan keputusan ini.
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A [[bipod]] and detachable fixed [[stock]] could be added as well as a Single Point IR/Trilux [[night sight]]. To prevent [[Cooking off|ammunition cookoff]], the weapon fired from an open bolt. Acting as the [[Besal]] [[light machine gun|LMG]] of World War II, the 7.62 NATO calibre Sterling was intended as an emergency standby weapon in case of attack during the [[Cold War]].-->
== Pengguna ==
Dari segi finansial, Sterling adalah kesuksesan bagi Inggris. Lebih dari 20 negara memakainya. Tercatat [[Spanyol]], [[India]], dan [[Kanada]] melisensi pistol mitraliur yang satu ini. Di Indonesia, beberapa sampel Sterling dimiliki oleh pasukan elit [[Kopaska]].
* {{flagu|Argentina}}: Varian Mk 4 dan varian L34A1 teredam.<ref name="jones2009">Jones, Richard D. Jane's Infantry Weapons 2009/2010. Jane's Information Group; 35 edition (January 27, 2009). {{ISBN|978-0-7106-2869-5}}.</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Argentine Forces in the Falklands|publisher=Osprey Publishing|author=Nick van der Bijl|page=25|year=1992}}</ref>
* {{flagu|Australia}}: varian L34A1 teredam.<ref name="Horner">Horner, David (2002). SAS Phantoms of War: A History of the Australian Special Air Service. Allen & Unwin. {{ISBN|1-86508647-9}}.</ref>
* {{flagu|Bahrain}}: Varian Mk 4.<ref name="jones2009"/>
* {{flagu|Bangladesh}}: Varian Mk 4.<ref name="jones2009"/>
* {{flagu|Barbados}}<ref name="jones2009"/>
* {{flagu|Belize}}: Varian Mk 4.<ref name="jones2009"/>
* {{flagu|Botswana}}<ref name="jones2009"/>
* {{flagu|Brunei}}: Varian Mk 4.<ref name="jones2009"/>
* {{flagu|Canada}}: Diroduksi sebagai C1.<ref name="miller2001">Miller, David (2001). The Illustrated Directory of 20th Century Guns. Salamander Books Ltd. {{ISBN|1-84065-245-4}}.</ref>
* {{flagu|Dominican Republic}}
* {{flagu|Cyprus}}<ref name="jones2009"/>
* {{flagu|Gabon}}<ref name="jones2009"/>
* {{flagu|Gambia}}<ref name="jones2009"/>
* {{flagu|Ghana}}<ref name="jones2009"/>
* {{flagu|Guyana}}<ref name="jones2009"/>
* {{flagu|India}}: dilisensikan dan diproduksi oleh Pabrik Senjata India dan dihentikan pada 2010. Senjata ini dijual sebagai Sub Machine Gun Carbine 9 mm 1A1.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ofbindia.gov.in/products/data/weapons/wsc/8.htm |title=SUB MACHINE GUN CARBINE 9 mm 1A1|accessdate=2009-05-23}}</ref> A silenced version was also available which sold under the label of Sub Machine Gun Carbine 9 mm 2A1.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ofbindia.gov.in/products/data/weapons/wsc/9.htm |title=Sub Machine Gun Carbine 9 mm 2A1 (Silent Version)|accessdate=2009-05-23}}</ref>
* {{flagu|Iraq}}: Varian Mk 4.<ref name="jones2009"/>
* {{flagu|Jamaica}}: Used by the [[Jamaica Defence Force]] as a personal defense weapon for auxiliary units.<ref>{{cite web|author=ncoicinnet |url=http://www.jdfmil.org/equipment/weapons/weapons_home.php |title=Web Site of the Jamaica Defence Force |publisher=Jdfmil.org |date= |accessdate=2017-01-28}}</ref>
* {{flagu|Kenya}}<ref name="jones2009"/>
* {{flagu|Kurdistan}} – [[Peshmerga]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://medium.com/war-is-boring/how-much-does-a-gun-cost-in-kurdistan-800ca37ebdfc|title=How Much Does a Gun Cost in Kurdistan?: Militants’ advance means booming business for Kurdish weapon dealers}}</ref>
* {{flagu|Kuwait}}<ref>Gordon L. Rottman, Ron Volstad Armies of the Gulf War. {{ISBN|1-85532-277-3}}</ref><ref name="Thompson2012">{{cite book|author=Leroy Thompson|title=The Sten Gun|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w75BefNo53UC&pg=PA74|date=20 September 2012|publisher=Osprey Publishing|isbn=978-1-78096-125-5|pages=74–}}</ref>
* {{flagu|Lebanon}}<ref name="jones2009"/>
* {{flagu|Lesotho}}<ref name="jones2009"/>
* {{flagu|Libya}}: Varian L34.<ref name="jones2009"/>
* {{flagu|Malawi}}<ref name="jones2009"/>
* {{flagu|Malaysia}}<ref name="jones2009"/>
* {{flagu|Malta}}<ref name="jones2009"/>
* {{flagu|Morocco}}<ref>Ezell, Eward. Small Arms Today (Stackpole, 1988)</ref>
* {{flagu|Myanmar}}<ref name="jones2009"/>
* {{flagu|Nepal}}<ref name="jones2009"/>
* {{flagu|New Zealand}}<ref name="Thompson2012"/>
* {{flagu|Nigeria}}<ref name="jones2009"/>
* {{flagu|North Korea}}<ref name="Thompson2012"/>
* {{flagu|Oman}}<ref name="jones2009"/>
* {{flagu|Papua New Guinea}}<ref name="jones2009"/>
* {{flagu|Philippines}}: L34A1 digunakan oleh [[Naval Special Operations Group]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.timawa.net/m3/m3.htm|title=M3 Grease Guns Re-issued|accessdate=2009-02-24|date=2005-02-22|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080926031923/http://www.timawa.net/m3/m3.htm|archivedate=2008-09-26|df=}}</ref>
* {{flagu|Portugal}}<ref name="jones2009"/>
* {{flagu|Qatar}}<ref name="jones2009"/>
* {{flagu|Rhodesia}}<ref>{{cite book|title=Fighting vehicles and weapons of Rhodesia, 1965-80|page=104|author=Peter G. Locke|year=1995}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Rhodesian Fire Force 1966-80|author=Kerrin Cocks|page=12|year=2015|isbn=1910294055}}</ref>
* {{flagu|Sierra Leone}}<ref name="jones2009"/>
* {{flagu|Singapore}}: Varian Mk 4 used by [[Singapore Police Force]]'s paramilitary units — [[Gurkha Contingent]], [[Police Coast Guard]] and [[Special Operations Command (Singapore)|Police Special Operations Command]]; replaced by the [[Heckler & Koch MP5]] since 1999.
* {{flagu|Solomon Islands}}<ref name=Capie>{{cite book|last=Capie|first=David|title=Under the Gun: The Small Arms Challenge in the Pacific|date=2004|pages=65–67|publisher=Victoria University Press|location=Wellington|isbn=978-0864734532 }}</ref>
* {{flagu|Somalia}}<ref name="jones2009"/>
* {{flagu|Spain}}: [[Unidad de Operaciones Especiales|UOE]] special group of the [[Spanish Navy]].<ref name="diez2000">Diez, Octavio (2000). Armament and Technology. Lema Publications, S.L. {{ISBN|84-8463-013-7}}.</ref>
* {{flagu|Sri Lanka}}<ref name="jones2009"/>
* {{flagu|Sudan}}<ref name="jones2009"/>
* {{flagu|Swaziland}}<ref name="jones2009"/>
* {{flagu|Tanzania}}<ref name="jones2009"/>
* {{flagu|Trinidad and Tobago}}<ref name="jones2009"/>
* {{flagu|Uganda}}<ref name="jones2009"/>
* {{flagu|United Kingdom}}: L2A1 variant was accepted by the [[British Army]] in 1953.<ref name="miller2001"/> L34A1 variant entered service in 1966.<ref name="miller2001"/>
* {{flagu|Vanuatu}}<ref name=Capie/>
* {{flagu|Zambia}}<ref name="jones2009"/>
* {{flagu|Zimbabwe}}<ref name="jones2009"/>
== Referensi ==
;Kutipan
{{Reflist|2}}
;Daftar pustaka
{{Refbegin}}
* Hogg, Ian V., and John H. Batchelor. ''The Complete Machine-Gun, 1885 to the Present''. London: Phoebus, 1979. {{ISBN|0-7026-0052-0}}.
* Paulson, A.C. 1990. The Sterling Mk4 submachine gun. Machine Gun News. 4(3):14-17.
* Edmiston, James. The Sterling Years. Leo Cooper Books, London. 1992. {{ISBN|085052-343-5}}.
* Gordon Rottman: Armies of the Gulf War. Osprey Military, London UK. 1993. p 31. {{ISBN|1-85532-277-3}}.
* Laidler, P., and D. Howroyd. The Guns of Dagenham. Collector Grade Publications, Cobourg, Ontario.1995. {{ISBN|0-88935-204-6}}.
* Paulson, A.C. 1996. Required reading: The Sterling Years. Fighting Firearms. 4(1):24,72-75.
* Paulson, A.C. 1996. Mystique, mystery and misinformation: suppressed Sterling Patchett Mark 5. Fighting Firearms. 4(1):50-56,75-76.
* Paulson, A.C. 1996. Best of the breed; evolution of the Mark 4 smg. Fighting Firearms. 4(3):22-27,77-78.
* Paulson, A.C. 1997. Required reading: The Guns of Dagenham: Lanchester, Patchett, Sterling. Fighting Firearms. 5(1):47,81-82.
* Paulson, A.C., N.R. Parker, and P.G. Kokalis. Silencer History and Performance. Volume 2. CQB, Assault Rifle, and Sniper Technology. Paladin Press, Boulder, Colorado. 2002. {{ISBN|1-58160-323-1}}.
* Paulson, A.C. 2005. Saddam’s SMG. Up close and personal with the 9mm Sterling Mark 4! Special Weapons for Military and Police. 33:76-81.
{{Refend}}
== Pranala luar ==
{{External media
|topic=Sterling submachine gun
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|image3=[http://world.guns.ru/smg/sterling0d.jpg L2A3 (Mark 4), partially disassembled]
}}
* [http://nazarian.no/images/wep/337_Sterling_SMG.pdf Sterling SMG – Official User's Manual]
* [http://augfc.tumblr.com/post/90190974480/patchett-machine-carbine-in-1942-george-william Photos of prototype Patchett SMGs dating from early 1944]
* [http://www.nam.ac.uk/online-collection/detail.php?acc=1963-12-251-7 Photos of a Patchett 9mm Mk I experimental sub machine gun from 1944 (c)]
* [http://www.forgottenweapons.com/british-308-sterling-prototype Sterling 7.62x51mm NATO variant]
* [http://i277.photobucket.com/albums/kk42/TXPBR/Sterlingprototypeinkeep.jpg Chrome Plated L2A3 and 7.62 NATO variant]
* [http://world.guns.ru/smg/smg28-e.htm Modern Firearms] including several pictures of the various models.
* [http://securityarms.com/20010315/galleryfiles/1800/1859.htm Sterling L2 at SecurityArms]
* [http://ofbindia.gov.in/products/data/weapons/wsc/8.htm Sub Machine Gun Carbine 9 mm 1A1], Sterling L2A3 machine carbine manufactured under license by [[Indian State Ordnance Factory Board]].
* [http://ofbindia.gov.in/products/data/weapons/wsc/9.htm Sub Machine Gun Carbine 9 mm 2A1 (Silent Version)], Sterling L34A1 silenced machine carbine manufactured under license by [[Indian State Ordnance Factory Board]].
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20091027104827/http://geocities.com/psarms/LinkedFiles/SAMk7S.jpg Image of a MK7 (Para Pistol)]
* [http://img260.imageshack.us/img260/9894/famaepaf.jpg Image of a FAMAE PAF (Chilean Manufactured)]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5VxPGv_eZQ8 Video of L2A3 being fired]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZRLcEHD2K5E Video of Sterling Mk5 Silencer (L34A1)] {{ja icon}}
{{commons and category|Sterling submachine gun|{{PAGENAME}}}}
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