Revisi per 27 Februari 2019 00.43 sunting JohnThorne (bicara \| kontrib) Pengecualian blokir IP 151.852 suntingan →Reduksi suku-suku kata short open stressed ← Revisi sebelumnya		Revisi per 27 Februari 2019 01.21 sunting balikkan JohnThorne (bicara \| kontrib) Pengecualian blokir IP 151.852 suntingan Perbaikan Revisi selanjutnya →
Baris 3: \|altname = Ibrani Klasik \|nativename = <span dir="rtl"> {{lang\|he\|שְֹפַת כְּנַעַן}}, {{lang\|he\|יְהוּדִית}}, {{lang\|he\|(לָשׁוֹן) עִבְרִית}}, {{lang\|he\|לְשׁוֹן הַקֹּדֶשׁ}}</span> \|region = [[Kerajaan Israel (kerajaan bersatu)]] <br />[[Kerajaan Yehuda]] <br />[[Kerajaan Israel (Samaria)]] <br />[[Hashmonayim\|~~dinasti~~Dinasti Hashmonayim]] <br /> Global (sebagai [[~~:en:liturgical language\|~~bahasa liturgis]] bagi [[Yudaisme]]) \|era = ~~ada~~Ada bukti sejak abad ke-10 SM; dikembangkan menjadi [[:en:Mishnaic Hebrew\|bahasa Ibrani Mishnah]] setelah [[Perang Yahudi-Romawi]] pada abad pertama M[[Masehi]] \|image = Shiloach.jpg \|imagesize = 250px Baris 495: === Huruf hidup === Sistem huruf hidup (''vowel system'') bahasa Ibrani Alkitabiah telah berubah banyak menurut jalannya waktu. Huruf-huruf hidup (''vowels'') berikut direkonstruksi untuk tahapan paling awal bahasa Ibrani, untuk yang dibuktikan dalam ''Secunda'', untuk berbagai tradisi vokalisasi ([[:en:Tiberian vocalization\|~~Tiberian~~Tiberias]] serta variasi [[:en:Babylonian vocalization\|~~Babylonian~~Babilonia]] dan [[:en:Palestinian vocalization\|~~Palestinian~~Palestina]]), juga untuk tradisi Samaria, dengan huruf-huruf hidup <span style="background:#BBDDEE;padding:0px 2px;">yang hilang</span> dalam sejumlah tradisi diberi kode berwarna. {\| ! style="width:25%" \| Proto-Ibrani<ref name="david">{{Harvcoltxt\|Steinberg\|2010}}</ref> <!-- possible to find a written source? --> ! style="width:25%" \| Ibrani ''Secunda''<ref name="j54">{{Harvcoltxt\|Janssens\|1982\|p=54}}</ref> ! style="width:25%" \| Ibrani Tiberias, Babilonia, dan ~~Palestinia~~Palestina<ref>{{Harvcoltxt\|Blau\|2010\|pp=105–106, 115–119}}</ref><ref>{{Harvcoltxt\|Sáenz-Badillos\|1993\|pp=88–89, 97, 110}}</ref><ref>{{Harvcoltxt\|Sperber\|1959\|pp=77,81}}</ref> ! style="width:25%" \| Ibrani Samaria<ref>{{Harvcoltxt\|Ben-Ḥayyim\|2000\|pp=43–44, 48}}</ref> \|- Baris 505: {\|class="wikitable" ! ! [[:en:Front vowel\|~~Front~~Depan]] ! [[:en:Back vowel\|~~Back~~Belakang]] \|- ! [[:en:Close vowel\|~~Close~~Tertutup]] \| align=center \| {{IPA\|i iː}} \| align=center \| {{IPA\|u uː}} \|- ! [[:en:Close-mid vowel\|~~Close~~Tertutup-~~mid~~tengah]] \| align=center \| ({{IPA\|eː}}) \| align=center \| {{IPA\|oː}} \|- ! [[:en:Open vowel\|~~Open~~Terbuka]] \| align=center colspan=2 \| {{IPA\|a aː}} \|} Baris 522: {\|class="wikitable" ! ! [[:en:Front vowel\|~~Front~~Depan]] ! [[:en:Back vowel\|~~Back~~Belakang]] \|- ! [[:en:Close vowel\|~~Close~~Tertutup]] \| align=center \| {{IPA\|iː}} \| align=center \| {{IPA\|uː}} \|- ! [[:en:Close-mid vowel\|~~Close~~Tertutup-~~mid~~tengah]] \| align=center \| {{IPA\|e eː}} \| align=center \| {{IPA\|o oː}} \|- ! [[:en:Open vowel\|~~Open~~Terbuka]] \| align=center colspan=2 \| {{IPA\|a}}<sup>1</sup> {{IPA\|aː}} \|- Baris 542: {\|class="wikitable" ! ! [[:en:Front vowel\|~~Front~~Depan]] ! [[:en:Back vowel\|~~Back~~Belakang]] \|- ! [[:en:Close vowel\|~~Close~~Tertutup]] \| align=center \| {{IPA\|i}} \| align=center \| {{IPA\|u}} \|- ! [[:en:Close-mid vowel\|~~Close~~Tertutup-~~mid~~tengah]] \| align=center \| {{IPA\|e}} \| align=center \| {{IPA\|o}} \|- ! [[:en:Open-mid vowel\|~~Open~~Terbuka-~~mid~~tengah]] \| align=center style="background:#BBDDEE" \| {{IPA\|ɛ}}<sup>1</sup> \| align=center style="background:#BBDDEE" \| {{IPA\|ɔ}}<sup>2</sup> \|- ! [[:en:Open vowel\|~~Open~~Terbuka]] \| align=center colspan=2 \| {{IPA\|a}} \|- Baris 566: {\|class="wikitable" ! ! [[:en:Front vowel\|~~Front~~Depan]] ! [[:en:Back vowel\|~~Back~~Belakang]] \|- ! [[:en:Close vowel\|~~Close~~Tertutup]] \| align=center \| {{IPA\|i}} {{IPA\|iː}} \| align=center \| {{IPA\|u}} {{IPA\|uː}} \|- ! [[:en:Mid vowel\|~~Mid~~Tengah]] \| align=center \| {{IPA\|e}} {{IPA\|eː}} \| align=center \| ({{IPA\|o}})<sup>1</sup> \|- ! [[:en:Open vowel\|~~Open~~Terbuka]] \| align=center \| {{IPA\|a}} {{IPA\|aː}} \| align=center \| {{IPA\|ɒ}} {{IPA\|ɒː}} Baris 590: \| #{{small\|melebur dengan {{IPA\|/e/}} dalam tradisi Palestina dan dengan {{IPA\|/a/}} dalam tradisi Babilonia}}<ref>{{Harvcoltxt\|Blau\|2010\|p=112}}</ref><ref name="b118-119">{{Harvcoltxt\|Blau\|2010\|pp=118–119}}</ref><ref name="seph" group="nb">In this respect the Palestinian tradition corresponds to the modern [[Sephardi Hebrew\|Sephardi pronunciation]], and the Babylonian tradition to the modern [[Yemenite Hebrew\|Yemenite pronunciation]].</ref><ref group="nb">While the vowels {{IPA\|/a e i ɔ o u/}} certainly have phonemic status in the Tiberian tradition, {{IPA\|/ɛ/}} has phonemic value in final stressed position but in other positions it may reflect loss of the opposition {{IPA\|/a ː i/}}. See {{Harvcoltxt\|Blau\|2010\|pp=111–112}}</ref> #{{small\|~~merges~~melebur ~~with~~dengan {{IPA\|/a/}} oratau {{IPA\|/o/}} in the Palestinian tradition}}<ref name="b118-119" /><ref name="seph" group="nb" /><ref name="y16">{{Harvcoltxt\|Yahalom\|1997\|p=16}}</ref> #{{small\|The Tiberian tradition has the reduced vowel phonemes {{IPA\|/ă ɔ̆/}} and marginal {{IPA\|/ɛ̆/}}, while Palestinian and Babylonian have one, {{IPA\|/ə/}} (pronounced as {{IPA\|[ɛ]}} in later Palestinian Hebrew)}} \| #{{small\|{{IPA\|/u/}} ~~and~~dan {{IPA\|/o/}} ~~only~~hanya ~~contrast~~kontras indalam open post-tonic syllables, ~~e.g.~~contoh {{lang\|hbo\|ידו\|rtl=yes}} {{IPA\|/jedu/}} ('his hand') {{lang\|hbo\|ידיו\|rtl=yes}} {{IPA\|/jedo/}} ('his hands'), where {{IPA\|/o/}} stems from a contracted diphthong.<ref name="bhou">{{Harvcoltxt\|Ben-Ḥayyim\|2000\|pp=44, 48–49}}</ref> In other environments, {{IPA\|/o/}} appears in closed syllables and {{IPA\|/u/}} in open syllables, e.g. {{lang\|hbo\|דור\|rtl=yes}} {{IPA\|/dor/}} {{lang\|hbo\|דורות\|rtl=yes}} {{IPA\|/durot/}}.<ref name="bhou" />}} #{{small\|results from both {{IPA\|/i/}} and {{IPA\|/e/}} in closed post-tonic syllables<ref name="bh49">{{Harvcoltxt\|Ben-Ḥayyim\|2000\|p=49}}</ref>}} \|}

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