Marie Colvin: Perbedaan antara revisi
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
k fix typo |
k Bot: Perubahan kosmetika |
||
Baris 19:
[[Universitas Stony Brook]] mendirikan Marie Colvin Center for International Reporting untuk mengenang jasa-jasanya. Keluarganya juga membentuk organisasi amal Marie Colvin Memorial Fund melalui Long Island Community Foundation sebagai bentuk penghormatan atas [[humanitarianisme]] Colvin.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.licf.org/Donors/OurDonorsTheheartofLICF/MARIECOLVIN.aspx |title=Marie Colvin "A Woman of Valor" |website=Long Island Community Foundation |access-date=July 31, 2015}}</ref> Pada Juli 2016, pengacara keluarga Colvin mengajukan gugatan sipil terhadap pemerintah [[Republik Arab Suriah]] setelah mendapatkan bukti bahwa pemerintah Suriah secara langsung memerintahkan pembunuhan Colvin. Hakim menyatakan pemerintah Suriah bersalah atas pembunuhannya pada awal 2019 dan keluarga Colvin menerima ganti rugi sebesar $302 juta.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-47082088|title=Syria found liable for US reporter's death|date=January 31, 2019|publisher=|via=www.bbc.com}}</ref>
== Kehidupan awal dan pendidikan ==
Marie Colvin lahir di [[Astoria, Queens|Astoria]], [[Queens]], New York, dan dibesarkan di [[East Norwich]], di kota [[Oyster Bay (town), New York|Oyster Bay]], [[Nassau County, New York|Nassau County]], [[Long Island]]. Bapaknya, William J. Colvin, adalah veteran [[Korps Marinir]] pada Perang Dunia II dan guru bahasa Inggris di sejumlah sekolah negeri New York City. Bapaknya juga aktif dalam perpolitikan [[Partai Demokrat (Amerika Serikat)|Partai Demokrat]] di Nassau County. Ia menjabat sebagai Wakil Kepala Eksekutif County mewakili Eugene Nickerson. Ibunya, Rosemarie Marron Colvin, adalah pembimbing konseling SMA di sejumlah sekolah negeri Long Island. Marie memiliki dua saudara, William dan Michael; dan dua saudari, Aileen dan Catherine.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.newsday.com/long-island/nassau/marie-colvin-s-body-due-back-on-li-tuesday-1.3579881 |title=Marie Colvin's body due back on Long Island Tuesday |newspaper=[[Newsday]] |location=Long Island |date=March 5, 2012 |accessdate=July 20, 2016 |first=Víctor Manuel |last=Ramos |quote=Born in Astoria, Queens, Colvin, 56, grew up in East Norwich and attended high school in Oyster Bay.}}</ref> Ia lulus dari [[Oyster Bay High School]] tahun 1974.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.newsday.com/news/world/marie-colvin-funeral-draws-hundreds-of-mourners-1.3596362 |title=Marie Colvin funeral draws hundreds of mourners |date=March 12, 2012|newspaper=Newsday |location=Long Island |accessdate=July 20, 2016 |first1=Víctor Manuel |last1=Ramos |first2=William |last2=Murphy}}</ref> Ia menghabiskan tahun pertama SMA-nya dalam program pertukaran pelajar di Brasil, kemudian kuliah di [[Universitas Yale]]. Ia mengambil jurusan antropologi dan mengikuti kursus bersama [[John Hersey]], penulis pemenang [[Hadiah Pulitzer]]. Ia mulai menulis di ''[[Yale Daily News]]'' dan memutuskan menjadi wartawan. Ia lulus dengan gelar S1 di bidang [[antropologi]] pada tahun 1978.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nbcconnecticut.com/news/local/Journalist-Killed-in-Syria-Attended-Yale--139988613.html |title=Journalist Killed in Syria Attended Yale |website=NBC Connecticut |date=February 22, 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.yaledailynews.com/news/2012/feb/22/colvin-78-killed-while-covering-syrian-strike/?cross-campus |title=Colvin '78 killed in Syria |newspaper=Yale Daily News |date=February 22, 2012 |first=Daniel |last=Sisgoreo}}{{dead link|date=November 2017 |bot=Balon Greyjoy |fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> Semasa di [[Yale]], Colvin dikenal keras kepala dan dijuluki "tukang ribut" di kampus.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://yaledailynews.com/blog/2012/02/23/foreign-correspondent-yale-alum-killed-on-assignment/ |title=Foreign correspondent, Yale alum killed on assignment |newspaper=Yale Daily News |date=February 23, 2012}}</ref>
== Karier ==
Colvin sempat bekerja untuk serikat pekerja di [[New York City]] sebelum merintis karier jurnalismenya di [[United Press International]] (UPI), satu tahun setelah lulus dari Yale.<ref>{{cite news |title=Highway to the Danger Zone |first=Sherry |last=Ricchiardi |url=http://www.ajr.org/article.asp?id=746 |newspaper=[[American Journalism Review]] |date=April 2000 |accessdate=February 22, 2012}}</ref> Ia bekerja di UPI cabang [[Trenton, New Jersey|Trenton]], lalu pindah ke New York dan Washington. Pada tahun 1984, Colvin diangkat sebagai manajer biro UPI Paris, kemudian pindah ke ''[[The Sunday Times]]'' tahun 1985.<ref>{{cite news |last=Barron |first=James |title=Recalling Her Determined Daughter, a Journalist Killed in Syria |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/23/nyregion/marie-colvin-mother-recalls-determined-journalist-killed-in-syria.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date=February 22, 2012}}</ref>
Baris 37:
Pada tahun 2011, ketika sedang meliput [[Musim Semi Arab]] di Tunisia, Mesir, dan [[Perang Saudara Libya 2011|Libya]], ia ditawari untuk mewawancarai Gaddafi untuk kedua kalinya bersama dua wartawan lain yang dipilih Colvin. Dalam wawancara internasional pertama Gaddafi sejak perang saudara pecah, Colvin mengajak [[Christiane Amanpour]] dari [[ABC News]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://abcnews.go.com/International/christiane-amanpour-interviews-libyas-moammar-gadhafi/story?id=13019942 |website=[[ABC News]] |authorlink=Christiane Amanpour |first=Christiane |last=Amanpour |title=Col Gaddafi 'brushed off the international pressure' |date=March 1, 2011}}</ref> dan [[Jeremy Bowen]] dari [[BBC News]].<ref name="Guardianobit"/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-12607475 |website=[[BBC News Online|BBC News]] |authorlink=Jeremy Bowen |first=Jeremy |last=Bowen |title=Col Gaddafi 'brushed off the international pressure' |date=March 1, 2011}}</ref> Colvin menekankan pentingnya menyoroti "kemanusiaan dalam kondisi ekstrem yang didorong sampai titik penghabisan". Ia mengatakan, "Tugas saya adalah menjadi saksi mata. Saya tidak peduli pesawat apa yang mengebom desa atau apakah artilerinya 120mm atau 155mm."<ref name="Guardianobit"/>
== Kehidupan pribadi ==
Colvin dua kali menikahi Patrick Bishop, seorang wartawan; mereka juga bercerai dua kali. Ia juga menikahi wartawan asal [[Bolivia]], [[Juan Carlos Gumucio]], koresponden surat kabar Spanyol, ''[[El País]]'', di Beirut pada masa perang saudara Lebanon. Gumucio bunuh diri pada Februari 2002 di Bolivia setelah berjuang melawan depresi dan kecanduan alkohol.
Colvin bertempat tinggal di [[Hammersmith]], [[West (subwilayah London)|West London]].<ref name="DM killed">{{cite news |url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2104711/Marie-Colvin-dead-Journalist-killed-Homs-Syria-hours-ITN-News-At-Ten-broadcast.html |title=Veteran American war reporter Marie Colvin killed when Syrian army shells media center just hours after her last TV broadcast |newspaper=The Daily Mail |location=London, UK |date=February 22, 2012 |accessdate=February 22, 2012 |first1=Charles |last1=Walford |first2=Nabila |last2=Ramdani}}</ref>
== Kematian dan warisan ==
Pada Februari 2012, Colvin masuk ke Suriah dengan membonceng sepeda motor [[motocross]]. Ia tidak peduli dengan upaya pemerintah Suriah yang mencegah wartawan asing masuk tanpa izin untuk meliput [[perang saudara Suriah]]. Colvin ditempatkan di distrik [[Baba Amr]] barat di kota [[Homs]]. Ia menyampaikan siaran terakhir pada sore tanggal 21 Februari ke [[BBC]], [[Channel 4]], [[CNN]], dan [[ITN News]] via [[telepon satelit]].<ref name="DM killed"/> Ia menggambarkan serangan granat dan penembak runduk "tanpa ampun" oleh pasukan Suriah terhadap rumah-rumah warga sipil dan orang-orang di jalanan.<ref name="Guardianobit"/> Dalam wawancara langsung dengan [[Anderson Cooper]], Colvin menyebut pengeboman Homs sebagai konflik terburuk yang pernah dialami seumur hidupnya.<ref>{{cite web |title=Video: Marie Colvin's last call to CNN |url=http://ac360.blogs.cnn.com/2012/02/22/video-journalist-syrias-government-lies/ |date=February 22, 2012 |website=CNN}}</ref>
[[
Colvin meninggal dunia pada tanggal 22 Februari 2012 bersama juru foto [[Rémi Ochlik]].<ref name=Guardianobit>{{cite news |last=Greenslade |first=Roy |authorlink=Roy Greenslade |title=Marie Colvin obituary |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2012/feb/22/marie-colvin |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=February 22, 2012 |location=London, UK |accessdate=February 25, 2012}}</ref> Autopsi oleh pemerintah Suriah di Damaskus mengungkapkan bahwa Colvin tewas akibat ledakan "[[bom rakitan]] berisi [[paku]]."<ref name="algeria.isp">{{cite news |url=http://www.algeria-isp.com/actualites/politique-syrie/201203-A9077/syrie-verite-sur-mort-journaliste-americaine-marie-colvin-mars-2012.html |title=Syrie – La vérité sur la mort de la journaliste américaine Marie Colvin |date=March 5, 2012 |website=Algeria ISP |language=French |accessdate=March 7, 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120327044423/http://www.algeria-isp.com/actualites/politique-syrie/201203-A9077/syrie-verite-sur-mort-journaliste-americaine-marie-colvin-mars-2012.html |archivedate=March 27, 2012 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> Pemerintah Suriah mengklaim bom tersebut diletakkan oleh teroris pada 22 Februari saat melarikan diri dari [[Ali Mahmoud Othman#Baba Amro News|kantor berita tidak resmi]] yang [[pengeboman Homs Februari 2012|dibom granat]] oleh [[Angkatan Darat Suriah]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Two Western Journalists Killed in Syria Shelling |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/23/world/middleeast/marie-colvin-and-remi-ochlik-journalists-killed-in-syria.html |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=February 22, 2012 |first=Rod |last=Nordland |first2=Alan |last2=Cowell }}</ref><ref name=telegraph/><ref>{{cite web |title='Foreign journalists killed' in Homs shelling |url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2012/02/201222291445322238.html |website=Al Jazeera |date=February 22, 2012 |accessdate=February 22, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Veteran war reporter Marie Colvin killed in Syria |url=http://www.channel4.com/news/veteran-war-reporter-marie-colvin-killed-in-syria |website=Channel 4 |location=UK |date=February 22, 2012 |accessdate=February 22, 2012}}</ref> Klaim ini dibantah oleh juru foto [[Paul Conroy (wartawan)|Paul Conroy]] yang saat itu bersama Colvin dan Ochlik dan selamat dari serangan tersebut. Conroy bercerita bahwa Colvin dan Ochlik sedang bersiap-siap menyelamatkan diri ketika kantor beritanya diserang artileri Suriah.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2016/07/09/marie-colvin-s-family-blames-assad-for-her-death.html |title=Marie Colvin's Family Blames Assad for Her Death |last=Wood |first=Paul |date=July 9, 2016 |website=The Daily Beast |access-date=July 10, 2016}}</ref>
Baris 59:
Film yang mengangkat kisah Colvin, ''[[A Private War]]'', disutradarai oleh [[Matthew Heineman]], ditulis oleh [[Arash Amel]], dan dibintangi oleh [[Rosamund Pike]] yang memerankan Colvin, dirilis pada tahun 2018. Film ini dibuat berdasarkan artikel ''Marie Colvin's Private War'' karya [[Marie Brenner]] di [[Vanity Fair (majalah)|majalah ''Vanity Fair'']] tahun 2012.<ref>{{cite web|last=Carey|first=Matthew|title=Director Matthew Heineman On His Oscar-Shortlisted Doc ‘City Of Ghosts’: “The Hardest Film I’ve Made By Far”|date=December 22, 2017|publisher=''[[Deadline Hollywood]]''|url=http://deadline.com/2017/12/city-of-ghosts-matthew-heineman-documentary-interview-news-1202231909/|accessdate=April 30, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Galuppo|first=Mia|title=Tom Hollander Joins Rosamund Pike in 'A Private War'|date=November 21, 2017|publisher=''[[The Hollywood Reporter]]''|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/tom-hollander-joins-rosamund-pike-a-private-war-1060764|accessdate=April 30, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=N'Duka|first=Amanda|title=Tom Hollander Enlists In ‘A Private War’|date=November 21, 2017|publisher=''[[Deadline Hollywood]]''|url=http://deadline.com/2017/11/tom-hollander-a-private-war-marie-colvin-biopic-1202213250/|accessdate=April 30, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Mudano|first=Mike|title=Stanley Tucci Joins Rosamund Pike in Forthcoming Biopic ''A Private War''|date=January 18, 2018|publisher=''[[Paste (magazine)]]''|url=https://www.pastemagazine.com/articles/2018/01/post-294.html|accessdate=April 30, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vanityfair.com/news/politics/2012/08/marie-colvin-private-war|title=Marie Colvin’s Private War|first=Marie|last=Brenner|date=August 2012|website=vanityfair.com|accessdate=2 November 2018}}</ref>
== Penghargaan ==
* 2000 – Journalist of the Year, Foreign Press Association
* 2000 – Courage in Journalism, International Women's Media Foundation
Baris 67:
* 2012 – Foreign Reporter of the Year, British Press Awards
== Lihat pula ==
{{Portal|Amerika Serikat|Jurnalisme}}
* [[Daftar wartawan yang tewas pada perang saudara Suriah]]
Baris 74:
* ''[[Girls of the Sun]]'', film Perancis tahun 2018 yang tokoh utamanya terinspirasi oleh Marie Colvin
== Referensi ==
{{Reflist}}
== Bacaan lanjutan ==
* {{cite book |first=Denise |last=Leith |title=Bearing Witness: The Lives of War Correspondents and Photojournalists |publisher=Random House Australia |year=2004 |pages=92f |isbn=1-74051-260-X }}
* {{cite book |last=Mills |first=Eleanor |year=2005 |chapter=Marie Colvin, 1957– |title=Cupcakes and Kalashnikovs: 100 Years of the Best Journalism by Women |location=London, UK |publisher=Constable |isbn=1-84529-165-4 |pages=152f }}
* {{cite book |last1=Hilsum |first1=Lindsey |title=In Extremis: The Life and Death of the War Correspondent Marie Colvin |date=2018 |publisher=Farrar, Straus & Giroux |isbn=9780374175597 |pages=400 |url=https://us.macmillan.com/books/9780374720346}}
== Pranala luar ==
* [https://mariecolvin.org/ mariecolvin.org]
{{Wikiquote|Marie Colvin}}
* {{IMDb name|id=1864908 }}
* {{cite news |url=http://www.thesundaytimes.co.uk/sto/public/news/article874796.ece#prev |title=Final dispatch from Homs, the battered city |last=Colvin |first=Marie |date=February 19, 2012 |newspaper=The Sunday Times}}
* {{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/23/world/middleeast/marie-colvin-and-remi-ochlik-journalists-killed-in-syria.html |title=Two Western Journalists Killed in Syria Shelling |last1=Nordland |first1=Rod |last2=Cowell |first2=Alan |date=February 22, 2012 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]]}}
* {{cite web |url=http://dbsjeyaraj.com/dbsj/archives/4461#Marie |title=Marie Colvin: The uncrowned Queen of Intrepid Journalists |last=Jeyaraj |first=D.B.S. |date=February 24, 2012 |website=DBSJeyaraj.com}}
* {{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/13/nyregion/marie-colvin-reporter-killed-in-syria-is-mourned-at-funeral.html |title=At Funeral, Recalling Many Sides of Reporter |last=Nir |first=Sarah Maslin |date=March 13, 2012 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]]}}
* {{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2012/dec/23/marie-colvin-obituary-jeremy-bowen |title=The consummate war reporter, Colvin was kind, funny, brave and empathetic |last=Bowen |first=Jeremy |authorlink=Jeremy Bowen |date=December 22, 2012 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]]}}
{{S-start}}
Baris 105:
{{DEFAULTSORT:Colvin, Marie}}
[[
[[
[[
[[
[[
[[
[[
[[
[[
[[
[[
[[
[[
[[
[[
|