Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
Tidak ada ringkasan suntingan
Baris 28:
* {{cite quran|2|4|style=ref}}</ref>. Umat Islam juga percaya bahwa selain al-Qur'an, seluruh firman Allah terdahulu telah mengalami perubahan oleh manusia. Mengacu pada kalimat di atas, maka umat Islam meyakini bahwa al-Qur'an adalah satu-satunya kitab Allah yang benar-benar asli dan sebagai penyempurna kitab-kitab sebelumnya.
 
 
[[Berkas:Umat Muslim.jpg|right|thumb|250px| Profil Muslim di Indonesia]]
Umat Islam juga percaya bahwa Islam adalah agama yang dianut oleh seluruh nabi dan rasul utusan Allah sejak masa Nabi Adam as, dengan demikian tentu saja Nabi Ibrahim as juga menganut Islam <ref>Lihat:
* {{cite quran|2|130|style=ref}}</ref>. Pandangan ini meletakkan Islam bersama agama [[Yahudi]] dan [[Kristen]] dalam rumpun agama yang mempercayai Nabi Ibrahim as. Di dalam al-Qur'an, penganut Yahudi dan Kristen sering disebut sebagai [[Ahli Kitab]] atau [[Ahlul Kitab]].
Baris 59:
# Iman kepada [[qada]] dan [[qadar]]
 
 
<!-- saya sembunyikan ini dulu karena tidak ada sumbernya
=== Satu Rukun Ihsan ===
Muslim dalam beribadah, diharapkan mengaplikasikan kondisi dapat melihat Allah , namun jika tidak bisa, maka merasakan kondisi bahwa Allah melihatnya.{{fact}}
Baris 89:
 
Nama "Allah" tidak memiliki bentuk jamak dan tidak diasosiasikan dengan jenis kelamin tertentu. Dalam Islam sebagaimana disampaikan dalam al-Qur'an dikatakan:
:''"(Dia) Pencipta langit dan bumi. Dia menjadikan bagi kamu dari jenis kamu sendiri pasangan-pasangan dan dari jenis binatang ternak pasangan- pasangan (pula), dijadikan-Nya kamu berkembang biak dengan jalan itu. <b>Tidak ada sesuatupun yang serupa dengan Dia</b>, dan Dia-lah yang Maha Mendengar dan Melihat". (QS 42-11)''
 
Allah adalah Nama Tuhan (ilah) dan satu-satunya Tuhan sebagaimana perkenalan-Nya kepada manusia melalui al-Quran :
Baris 160:
{{utama|Masjid}}
Rumah [[ibadat]] umat [[Muslim]] disebut [[masjid]] atau mesjid. Ibadah yang biasa dilakukan di Masjid antara lain [[shalat berjama'ah]], ceramah agama, perayaan hari besar, diskusi agama, belajar [[mengaji]] (membaca [[Al-Qur'an]]) dan lain sebagainya.
 
== Lihat pula ==
* [[Agama]] & [[Din]]
* [[Rabb|Ar-Rabb]] , [[Malik|Al-Malik]] , [[Ilah]]
* [[99 Asma Allah|Asma'ul Husna]]
* [[Bersuci dari hadas]]
* [[Cendekiawan Muslim]]
* [[Daftar topik agama Islam]]
* [[Hari Asyura]]
* [[Hidayatullah]]
* [[Isra' Mi'raj]]
* [[Jihad]]
* [[Kemurtadan]]
* [[Nabi Islam]]
* [[Perbankan syariah]]
* [[Puasa (Islam)]]
* [[Rasulullah]]
* [[Seni rupa Islam]]
* [[Shiratal Mustaqim]]
* [[Sunni]] & [[Syi'ah]]
* [[Ulama]]
* [[Waktu haram puasa]]
* [[Salafus Shalih]]
 
{{Topik Islam}}
 
== Catatan kaki ==
{{reflist|3}}
 
== Daftar pustaka ==
{{refbegin|2}}
=== Buku dan jurnal ===
* {{cite journal | last=Accad | first=Martin | title=The Gospels in the Muslim Discourse of the Ninth to the Fourteenth Centuries: An Exegetical Inventorial Table (Part I) | journal=Islam and Christian-Muslim Relations | volume=14 | issue=1 | date=2003 | id=ISSN 0959-6410}}
* {{cite book | last=Adil | first=Hajjah Amina | coauthors=Shaykh Nazim Adil Al-Haqqani, Shaykh Muhammad Hisham Kabbani | title=Muhammad: The Messenger of Islam | publisher=Islamic Supreme Council of America | year=2002 | id=ISBN 978-1-930409-11-8}}
* {{cite book | last=Ahmed | first=Akbar | title=Islam Today: A Short Introduction to the Muslim World | publisher=I. B. Tauris | edition=2.00 | year=1999 | id=ISBN 978-1-86064-257-9}}
* {{cite book | last=Brockopp | first=Jonathan E. | title=Islamic Ethics of Life: abortion, war and euthanasia | publisher=University of South Carolina press | year=2003 | id=ISBN 1-57003-471-0}}
* {{cite book | last=Cohen-Mor | first=Dalya | title=A Matter of Fate: The Concept of Fate in the Arab World as Reflected in Modern Arabic Literature | publisher=Oxford University Press | year=2001 | id=ISBN 0-19-513398-6}}
* {{cite book | last=Curtis | first=Patricia A. | year=2005 | title=A Guide to Food Laws and Regulations | publisher=Blackwell Publishing Professional | id=ISBN 978-0-8138-1946-4}}
* {{cite book | last=Eglash | first=Ron | year=1999 | title=African Fractals: Modern Computing and Indigenous Design | publisher=Rutgers University Press | id=ISBN 0-8135-2614-0}}
* {{cite book | last=Ernst | first=Carl | authorlink=Carl Ernst | year=2004 | title = Following Muhammad: Rethinking Islam in the Contemporary World | publisher=University of North Carolina Press | id=ISBN 0-8078-5577-4}}
* {{cite book | last=Esposito | first=John | authorlink=John Esposito | coauthors=John Obert Voll | title=Islam and Democracy | year=1996 | | publisher=Oxford University Press | id=ISBN 0-19-510816-7}}
* {{cite book | last=Esposito | first=John | authorlink=John Esposito | title=Islam: The Straight Path | publisher=Oxford University Press | year=1998 | edition=3rd | id=ISBN 978-0-19-511234-4}}
* {{cite book | last=Esposito | first=John | authorlink=John Esposito | coauthors=Yvonne Yazbeck Haddad | title=Muslims on the Americanization Path? | year=2000a | publisher=Oxford University Press | id=ISBN 0-19-513526-1}}
* {{cite book | last=Esposito | first=John | authorlink=John Esposito | year=2000b | title=Oxford History of Islam | publisher=Oxford University Press | id=978-0195107999}}
* {{cite book | last=Esposito | first=John | authorlink=John Esposito | year=2002a | title=Unholy War: Terror in the Name of Islam | publisher=Oxford University Press | id=ISBN 978-0-19-516886-0}}
* {{cite book | last=Esposito | first=John | authorlink=John Esposito | year=2002b | title=What Everyone Needs to Know about Islam | publisher=Oxford University Press | id=ISBN 0-19-515713-3}}
* {{cite book | last=Esposito | first=John | authorlink=John Esposito | title=[[The Oxford Dictionary of Islam]] | publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] | year=2003 | id=ISBN 0-19-512558-4}}
* {{cite book | last=Esposito | first=John | authorlink=John Esposito | title=Islam: The Straight Path | publisher=Oxford University Press | year=2004 | edition=3rd Rev Upd | id=ISBN 978-0-19-518266-8}}
* {{cite book | last=Farah | first=Caesar | authorlink=Caesar E. Farah | title=Islam: Beliefs and Observances | publisher=Barron's Educational Series | year=1994 | edition=5th | id=ISBN 978-0-8120-1853-0}}
* {{cite book | last=Farah | first=Caesar | authorlink=Caesar E. Farah | title=Islam: Beliefs and Observances | publisher=Barron's Educational Series | year=2003 | edition=7th | id=ISBN 978-0764122266}}
* {{cite book | last=Firestone | first=Rueven | title=Jihad: The Origin of Holy War in Islam | publisher= Oxford University Press | year=1999 | id=ISBN 0-19-512580-0}}
* {{cite book | last=Friedmann | first=Yohanan | authorlink=Yohanan Friedmann | title=Tolerance and Coercion in Islam: Interfaith Relations in the Muslim Tradition | publisher= Cambridge University Press | year=2003 | id=ISBN 978-0-521-02699-4}}
* {{cite book | last=Ghamidi | first=Javed | authorlink=Javed Ahmed Ghamidi | title=[[Mizan]] | publisher=[[Al-Mawrid|Dar al-Ishraq]] | year=2001 | id={{OCLC|52901690}}}}
* {{cite book | last=Goldschmidt, Jr. | first=Arthur | coauthors=Lawrence Davidson | title=A Concise History of the Middle East | publisher=Westview Press | year=2005 | edition=8th | id=ISBN 978-0-8133-4275-7}}
* {{cite book | last=Griffith | first=Ruth Marie | coauthors=Barbara Dianne Savage | title=Women and Religion in the African Diaspora: Knowledge, Power, and Performance | publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press | year=2006 | id=ISBN 0-8018-8370-9}}
* {{cite book | last=Hawting| first=G. R. | authorlink= G.R. Hawting | title=The First Dynasty of Islam: The Umayyad Caliphate AD 661–750 | publisher=Routledge | year=2000 | id=ISBN 0-415-24073-5}}
* {{cite book | last=Hedayetullah | first=Muhammad | title=Dynamics of Islam: An Exposition | publisher=Trafford Publishing | year=2006 | id=ISBN 978-1-55369-842-5}}
* {{cite book | last=Holt | first=P. M. | coauthors=[[Bernard Lewis]] | title=Cambridge History of Islam, Vol. 1 | year=1977a | publisher=Cambridge University Press | id=ISBN 0-521-29136-4}}
* {{cite book | last=Holt | first=P. M. | coauthors=Ann K. S. Lambton, [[Bernard Lewis]] | title=Cambridge History of Islam, Vol. 2 | year=1977b | publisher=Cambridge University Press | id=ISBN 0-521-29137-2}}
* {{cite book | last=Hourani | first=Albert | authorlink=Albert Hourani | coauthor=[[Malise Ruthven|Ruthven, Malise]] | title=A History of the Arab Peoples | year=2003 | publisher=Belknap Press; Revised edition | id=ISBN 978-0-674-01017-8}}
* {{cite book | last=Humphreys | first=Stephen | title=Between Memory and Desire | year=2005 | publisher=University of California Press | id=ISBN 0-520-24691-8}}
* {{cite book | last=Kobeisy | first=Ahmed Nezar | title=Counseling American Muslims: Understanding the Faith and Helping the People | publisher=Praeger Publishers | year=2004 | id=ISBN 978-0-313-32472-7}}
* {{cite book | last=Koprulu | first=Mehmed Fuad | coauthors=Leiser, Gary | title=The Origins of the Ottoman Empire | publisher=SUNY Press | year=1992 | id=ISBN 0-7914-0819-1}}
* {{cite book | last=Kramer | first=Martin | title=Shi'Ism, Resistance, and Revolution | publisher=Westview Press | year=1987 | id=ISBN 978-0-8133-0453-3}}
* {{cite book | last=Kugle | first=Scott Alan | title=Rebel Between Spirit And Law: Ahmad Zarruq, Sainthood, And Authority in Islam | publisher=Indiana University Press| year=2006 | id=ISBN 0-253-34711-4}}
* {{cite book | last=Lapidus| first=Ira | title=A History of Islamic Societies | publisher=Cambridge University Press | year=2002 | edition=2nd | id=ISBN 978-0-521-77933-3}}
* {{cite book | last=Lewis | first=Bernard | authorlink=Bernard Lewis | title=The Jews of Islam | publisher=Routledge & Kegan Paul | year=1984 | id=ISBN 0-7102-0462-0}}
* {{cite book | last=Lewis | first=Bernard | authorlink=Bernard Lewis | title=The Arabs in History | publisher=Oxford University Press | year=1993 | id=ISBN 0-19-285258-2}}
* {{cite book | last=Lewis | first=Bernard | authorlink=Bernard Lewis | title=The Middle East | publisher=Scribner | year=1997 | id=ISBN 978-0-684-83280-7}}
* {{cite book | last=Lewis | first=Bernard | authorlink=Bernard Lewis | title=Islam in History: Ideas, People, and Events in the Middle East | publisher=Open Court | edition=2nd | year=2001 | id=ISBN 978-0-8126-9518-2}}
* {{cite book | last=Lewis | first=Bernard | authorlink=Bernard Lewis | title=What Went Wrong?: The Clash Between Islam and Modernity in the Middle East | publisher=Harper Perennial | edition=Reprint | year=2003 | id=ISBN 978-0-06-051605-5}}
* {{cite book | last=Lewis | first=Bernard | authorlink=Bernard Lewis | title=The Crisis of Islam: Holy War and Unholy Terror | publisher=Random House, Inc., New York | year=2004 | id=ISBN 978-0-8129-6785-2}}
* {{cite book | last=Madelung | first=Wilferd | authorlink=Wilferd Madelung | title=The Succession to Muhammad: A Study of the Early Caliphate | publisher=Cambridge University Press | year=1996 | id=ISBN 0-521-64696-0}}
* {{cite book | last=Malik| first=Jamal| coauthors=John R Hinnells, Inc NetLibrary | title=Sufism in the West | publisher= Routledge | year=2006 | id=ISBN 0-415-27408-7}}
* {{cite book | last=Menski | first=Werner F. | title=Comparative Law in a Global Context: The Legal Systems of Asia and Africa | publisher=Cambridge University Press | year=2006 | id=ISBN 0-521-85859-3}}
* {{cite journal | last=Mohammad | first=Noor | title=The Doctrine of Jihad: An Introduction | journal=Journal of Law and Religion | volume=3 | issue=2 | date=1985}}
* {{cite book | last=Momen | first=Moojan | title=An Introduction to Shi`i Islam: The History and Doctrines of Twelver Shi`ism | publisher=Yale University Press | year=1987 | id=ISBN 978-0-300-03531-5}}
* {{cite book | last=Nasr | first=Seyed Muhammad | title=Our Religions: The Seven World Religions Introduced by Preeminent Scholars from Each Tradition (Chapter 7) | publisher=HarperCollins | year=1994| id=ISBN 0-06-067700-7}}
* {{cite journal | last=Novak | first=David | title=The Mind of Maimonides | journal=[[First Things]] |date=February 1999}}
* {{cite book | last=Parrinder | first=Geoffrey | authorlink=Geoffrey Parrinder | title=World Religions: From Ancient History to the Present | publisher=Hamlyn Publishing Group Limited | year=1971 | id=ISBN 0-87196-129-6}}
* {{cite journal | last=Patton | first=Walter M. | title=The Doctrine of Freedom in the Korân | journal=The American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures |date=April 1900 | volume=16 | issue=3 | publisher=Brill Academic Publishers | id=ISBN 90-04-10314-7}}
* {{cite journal | last=Peters | first=F. E. | authorlink=F. E. Peters | title=The Quest for Historical Muhammad | journal=International Journal of Middle East Studies | date=1991}}
* {{cite book | last=Peters | first=F. E. | authorlink=F. E. Peters | title=Islam: A Guide for Jews and Christians | publisher=Princeton University Press | year=2003 | id=ISBN 0-691-11553-2}}
* {{cite book | last=Peters | first=Rudolph | authorlink=Rudolph Peters | title=Jihad in Medieval and Modern Islam | publisher=Brill Academic Publishers | year=1977 | id = ISBN 90-04-04854-5}}
* {{cite book | last=Ruthven | first=Malise | title=Fundamentalism: The Search for Meaning | publisher= Oxford University Press | year=2005 | id = ISBN 0-19-280606-8}}
* {{cite book | last=Sahas | first=Daniel J. | title=John of Damascus on Islam: The Heresy of the Ishmaelites | publisher=Brill Academic Publishers | year=1997 | id=ISBN 978-90-04-03495-2}}
* {{cite book | last=[[Abdulaziz Sachedina|Sachedina]] | first=Abdulaziz | title=The Just Ruler in Shi'ite Islam: The Comprehensive Authority of the Jurist in Imamite Jurisprudence | publisher=Oxford University Press US | year=1998 | id=ISBN 0-19-511915-0}}
* {{cite journal | last=Seibert | first=Robert F. | title=Review: Islam and the West: The Making of an Image (Norman Daniel)| journal=Review of Religious Research | date=1994 | volume=36 | issue=1}}
* {{cite book | last=Sells | first=Michael Anthony | authorlink=Michael Anthony Sells | coauthors=Emran Qureshi | title=The New Crusades: Constructing the Muslim Enemy | publisher=Columbia University Press | year=2003 | id=ISBN 0-231-12667-0}}
* {{cite book | last=Smith | first=Jane I. | title=The Islamic Understanding of Death and Resurrection | publisher=Oxford University Press | year=2006 | id=ISBN 978-0-19-515649-2}}
* {{cite book | last=Spencer | first=Robert | title=The Myth of Islamic Tolerance: How Islamic Law Treats Non-Muslims | publisher=Prometheus Books | year=2005 | id=ISBN 978-1-59102-249-7}}
* {{cite book | last=Stillman | first=Norman | authorlink=Norman Stillman | title=The Jews of Arab Lands: A History and Source Book | publisher=Jewish Publication Society of America | location=Philadelphia | year=1979 | id=ISBN 1-82760-198-1}}
* {{cite book | last=Tabatabae | first=Sayyid Mohammad Hosayn | coauthors=Seyyed Hossein Nasr (translator) | authorlink=Allameh Tabatabaei | title= Shi'ite Islam
| publisher=Suny press| year=1979 | id=ISBN 0-87395-272-3}}
* {{cite book | last=Tabatabae | first=Sayyid Mohammad Hosayn | coauthors=R. Campbell (translator) | authorlink=Allameh Tabatabaei | title= Islamic teachings: An Overview and a Glance at the Life of the Holy Prophet of Islam | publisher=Green Gold | year=2002 | id=ISBN 0-922817-00-6}}
* {{cite book | last=Teece | first=Geoff | title=Religion in Focus: Islam | publisher=Franklin Watts Ltd | year=2003 | id=ISBN 978-0-7496-4796-4}}
* {{cite book | last=Trimingham| first=John Spencer | title=The Sufi Orders in Islam | publisher=Oxford University Press | year=1998| id=ISBN 0-19-512058-2}}
* {{cite book | last=Tritton | first=Arthur S. | authorlink=Arthur Stanley Tritton| title=The Caliphs and their Non-Muslim Subjects: A Critical Study of the Covenant of Umar | publisher=Frank Cass Publisher | location=London | year=1970 |origyear = 1930 | id=ISBN 0-7146-1996-5}}
* {{cite book | last=Turner | first=Colin | title=Islam: the Basics | publisher=Routledge (UK) | year=2006 | id=ISBN 0-415-34106-X}}
* {{cite book | last=Turner | first=Bryan S. | title=Weber and Islam | publisher=Routledge (UK) | year=1998 | id=ISBN 0-415-17458-9}}
* {{cite book | last=Waines | first=David | title=An Introduction to Islam | publisher=Cambridge University Press | year=2003 | id=ISBN 0-521-53906-4}}
* {{cite book | last=Warraq | first=Ibn | title=The Quest for Historical Muhammad | publisher=Prometheus | year=2000 | id=ISBN 978-1-57392-787-1}}
* {{cite book | last=Warraq | first=Ibn | title=Leaving Islam: Apostates Speak Out | publisher=Prometheus | year=2003 | id=ISBN 1-59102-068-9}}
* {{cite book | last=Watt | first=W. Montgomery | authorlink=William Montgomery Watt | title=The Formative Period of Islamic Thought | publisher=University Press Edinburgh| year=1973 | id=ISBN 0-85-224254-X}}
* {{cite book | last=Watt | first=W. Montgomery | authorlink=William Montgomery Watt | title=Muhammad: Prophet and Statesman | publisher=Oxford University Press | edition=New | year=1974 | id=ISBN 0-19-881078-4}}
* {{cite book | last=Weiss | first=Bernard G. | title=Studies in Islamic Legal Theory | year=2002 | location=Boston | publisher=Brill Academic publishers | id=ISBN 90-04-12066-1}}
* {{cite book | last=Williams | first=John Alden | title=The Word of Islam | year=1994 | publisher=University of Texas Press | id=ISBN 0-292-79076-7}}
* {{cite book | last=Williams | first=Mary E. | title=The Middle East | year=2000 | publisher=Greenhaven Pr | id=ISBN 0-7377-0133-1}}
 
=== Ensiklopedia ===
* {{cite encyclopedia | editor=William H. McNeill, Jerry H. Bentley, David Christian | encyclopedia=Berkshire Encyclopedia of World History | publisher=Berkshire Publishing Group | year=2005 | id=ISBN 978-0-9743091-0-1}}
* {{cite encyclopedia | editor=Gabriel Oussani | encyclopedia=[[Catholic Encyclopedia]] | year=1910}}
* {{cite encyclopedia | editor=Paul Lagasse, Lora Goldman, Archie Hobson, Susan R. Norton | encyclopedia=The Columbia Encyclopedia | publisher=Gale Group | year=2000 | edition=6th | id=ISBN 978-1-59339-236-9}}
* {{cite encyclopedia | encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica Online|Encyclopaedia Britannica Online]] | publisher=Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc.}}
* {{cite encyclopedia | editor=Erwin Fahlbusch, William Geoffrey Bromiley | encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Christianity | publisher=Eerdmans Publishing Company, and Brill| year=2001 | edition=1st| id=ISBN 0-8028-2414-5}}
* {{cite encyclopedia | editor=John Bowden | encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Christianity | publisher=Oxford University Press | year=2005 | edition=1st | id=ISBN 0-19-522393-4}}
* {{cite encyclopedia | editor=George Thomas Kurian, Graham T. T. Molitor | encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of the Future | publisher=MacMillan Reference Books | year=1995 | id=ISBN 978-0-02-897205-3}}
* {{cite encyclopedia | editor=P.J. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W.P. Heinrichs | encyclopedia=[[Encyclopaedia of Islam Online]] | publisher=Brill Academic Publishers | id=ISSN 1573-3912}}
* {{cite encyclopedia | editor=Richard C. Martin, Said Amir Arjomand, Marcia Hermansen, Abdulkader Tayob, Rochelle Davis, John Obert Voll | encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World | publisher=MacMillan Reference Books | year=2003 | id=ISBN 978-0-02-865603-8}}
* {{cite encyclopedia | editor=Jane Dammen McAuliffe | encyclopedia=[[Encyclopaedia of the Qur'an|Encyclopaedia of the Qur'an Online]] | publisher=Brill Academic Publishers}}
* {{cite encyclopedia | editor=Lindsay Jones | encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Religion | publisher=MacMillan Reference Books | year=2005 | edition=2nd | id=ISBN 978-0-02-865733-2}}
* {{cite encyclopedia | editor=Salamone Frank | encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Religious Rites, Rituals, and Festivals | publisher=Routledge | edition=1st | year=2004 | id=ISBN 978-0-415-94180-8}}
* {{cite encyclopedia | editor=Peter N. Stearns | edition=6th | year=2000 | encyclopedia=The Encyclopedia of World History Online | publisher=Bartleby}}
* {{cite encyclopedia | editor=[[Josef W. Meri]] | encyclopedia=Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia | publisher=[[Routledge]] | year=2005 | id=ISBN 0-415-96690-6}}
* {{cite encyclopedia | editor=[[Wendy Doniger]] | encyclopedia=Merriam-Webster's Encyclopedia of World Religions | publisher=[[Merriam-Webster]] | year=1999 | id=ISBN 0-87779-044-2}}
* {{cite encyclopedia | editor=Glasse Cyril | encyclopedia=New Encyclopedia of Islam: A Revised Edition of the Concise Encyclopedia of Islam | | publisher=AltaMira Press | year=2003 | id=ISSN 978-0759101906}}
* {{cite encyclopedia | editor=Edward Craig | encyclopedia=Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy | publisher=Routledge | year=1998 | edition=1st| id=ISBN 978-0-415-07310-3}}
 
=== Bacaan lebih lanjut ===
* {{cite book | last=Arberry | first=A. J. | authorlink=A. J. Arberry | title=The Koran Interpreted: A Translation | publisher=Touchstone | edition=1st | year=1996 | id=ISBN 978-0-684-82507-6}}
* {{cite book | last=Hawting | first=Gerald R. | authorlink=Gerald R. Hawting | title=The First Dynasty of Islam: The Umayyard Caliphate AD 661–750 | publisher=Routledge | year=2000 | id=ISBN 0-415-24072-7}}
* {{cite book | last=Khan | first=Muhammad Muhsin | authorlink=Muhammad Muhsin Khan | coauthors=Al-Hilali Khan, Muhammad Taqi-ud-Din | title=Noble Quran | year=1999 | publisher=Dar-us-Salam Publications | edition=1st | id=ISBN 978-9960-740-79-9}}
* {{cite book | last=Kramer (ed.) | first=Martin | authorlink=Martin Kramer | title=The Jewish Discovery of Islam: Studies in Honor of Bernard Lewis | publisher=Syracuse University | year=1999 | id=ISBN 978-965-224-040-8}}
* {{cite book | last=Kuban | first=Dogan | title=Muslim Religious Architecture | publisher=Brill Academic Publishers | year=1974 | id=ISBN 90-04-03813-2}}
* {{cite book | last=Lewis | first=Bernard | authorlink=Bernard Lewis | title=Islam in History: Ideas, People, and Events in the Middle East | publisher=Open Court | year=1993 | id=ISBN 978-0-8126-9217-4}}
* {{cite book | last=Lewis | first=Bernard | authorlink=Bernard Lewis | title=Islam and the West | publisher=Oxford University Press | year=1994 | id=ISBN 978-0-19-509061-1}}
* {{cite book | last=Lewis | first=Bernard | authorlink=Bernard Lewis | title=Cultures in Conflict: Christians, Muslims, and Jews in the Age of Discovery | publisher=Oxford University Press | year=1996 | id=ISBN 978-0-19-510283-3}}
* {{cite book | last=Mubarkpuri | first=Saifur-Rahman | title=[[The Sealed Nectar]]: Biography of the Prophet | publisher=Dar-us-Salam Publications | year=2002 | id=ISBN 978-1-59144-071-0}}
* {{cite book | last=Najeebabadi | first=Akbar Shah | title=History of Islam | publisher=Dar-us-Salam Publications | year=2001 | id=ISBN 978-1-59144-034-5}}
* {{cite book | last=Nigosian | first=S. A. | title=Islam: Its History, Teaching, and Practices | publisher=Indiana University Press | year=2004 | edition=New Edition | id=ISBN 978-0-253-21627-4}}
* {{cite book | last=Rahman | first=Fazlur | authorlink=Fazlur Rahman | title=Islam | publisher=University of Chicago Press | year=1979 | edition=2nd | id=ISBN 0-226-70281-2}}
* {{cite book | last=Walker | first=Benjamin | authorlink=Benjamin Walker | title=Foundations of Islam: The Making of a World Faith | publisher=Peter Owen Publishers | year=1998 | id=ISBN 978-0-7206-1038-3}}
{{refend}}
 
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*{{id}} [http://www.icmi.or.id/ Ikatan Cendekiawan Muslim Indonesia (ICMI)]
*{{id}} [http://www.bazisdki.go.id/ Badan Amil Zakat, Infak dan Sedekah (BAZIS) DKI Jakarta]
*{{de}} [http://www.user.gwdg.de/~mriexin/euroislam.html Islam di Eropa Barat]
*{{id}} [http://muslim.punya.web.id/ Ensiklopedia Islam]
 
 
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[[bg:Ислям]]
[[bm:Silameya]]
[[bn:ইসলাম]]
[[br:Islam]]
[[bs:Islam]]
[[bug:Islam]]
[[ca:Islam]]
[[ceb:Islam]]
[[crh:İslâm]]
[[cs:Islám]]
[[cv:Ислам]]
[[cy:Islam]]
[[da:Islam]]
[[de:Islam]]
[[diq:İslam]]
[[dv:އިސްލާމް]]
[[el:Ισλάμ]]
[[en:Islam]]
[[eo:Islamo]]
[[es:Islam]]
[[et:Islam]]
[[eu:Islam]]
[[fa:اسلام]]
[[fi:Islam]]
[[fo:Islam]]
[[fr:Islam]]
[[frp:Islame]]
[[fur:Islam]]
[[fy:Islam]]
[[ga:Ioslam]]
[[gd:Islam]]
[[gl:Islamismo]]
[[gu:ઇસ્લામ]]
[[ha:Islama]]
[[hak:Yî-sṳ̂-làn-kau]]
[[haw:Hoʻomana Mohameka]]
[[he:אסלאם]]
[[hi:इस्लाम]]
[[hr:Islam]]
[[hsb:Islam]]
[[ht:Islamis]]
[[hu:Iszlám]]
[[hy:Իսլամ]]
[[ia:Islam]]
[[ig:Islam]]
[[ilo:Islam]]
[[io:Islamo]]
[[is:Íslam]]
[[it:Islam]]
[[ja:イスラム教]]
[[jbo:musyjda]]
[[jv:Islam]]
[[ka:ისლამი]]
[[kab:Islam]]
[[kg:Kisilamu]]
[[kk:Исләм]]
[[kn:ಇಸ್ಲಾಂ ಧರ್ಮ]]
[[ko:이슬람교]]
[[ku:Îslam]]
[[kw:Islam]]
[[ky:Ислам]]
[[la:Religio Islamica]]
[[lb:Islam]]
[[lbe:Ислам]]
[[li:Islam]]
[[lij:Islamiximo]]
[[ln:Islamu]]
[[lt:Islamas]]
[[lv:Islāms]]
[[map-bms:Islam]]
[[mk:Ислам]]
[[ml:ഇസ്‌ലാം]]
[[mn:Ислам]]
[[mr:इस्लाम धर्म]]
[[ms:Islam]]
[[mt:Islam]]
[[mzn:İzlam / ایسلام]]
[[nds:Islam]]
[[nds-nl:Islam]]
[[nl:Islam]]
[[nn:Islam]]
[[no:Islam]]
[[nov:Islam]]
[[nrm:Islam]]
[[oc:Islam]]
[[pdc:Islaam]]
[[pl:Islam]]
[[ps:اسلام]]
[[pt:Islão]]
[[qu:Islam]]
[[ro:Islam]]
[[ru:Ислам]]
[[sa:इस्लाम]]
[[sc:Islam]]
[[scn:Islam]]
[[sco:Islam]]
[[sd:اسلام]]
[[se:Islam]]
[[sh:Islam]]
[[simple:Islam]]
[[sk:Islam]]
[[sl:Islam]]
[[so:Islaam]]
[[sq:Feja Islame]]
[[sr:Ислам]]
[[su:Islam]]
[[sv:Islam]]
[[sw:Uislamu]]
[[szl:Islam]]
[[ta:இஸ்லாம்]]
[[te:ఇస్లాం మతం]]
[[tg:Ислом]]
[[th:ศาสนาอิสลาม]]
[[tk:Yslam]]
[[tl:Islam]]
[[tr:İslam]]
[[tt:Ислам]]
[[ug:ئىسلام دىنى]]
[[uk:Іслам]]
[[ur:اسلام]]
[[uz:Islom]]
[[vec:Islam]]
[[vi:Hồi giáo]]
[[wa:Islam]]
[[wuu:伊斯兰教]]
[[yi:איסלאם]]
[[yo:Islam]]
[[zh:伊斯兰教]]
[[zh-classical:回教]]
[[zh-min-nan:I-su-lân-kàu]]
[[zh-yue:伊斯蘭教]]