Perang Gaza 2014: Perbedaan antara revisi
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|combatant2 = {{flag|Jalur Gaza}}
*[[Hamas]]
*[[Front Demokratik untuk Pembebasan Palestina|DFLP]]<ref name=maan715014>"[http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=715014 Qassam brigades claim rocket, mortar fire at southern Israel] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141219025332/http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=715014 |date=2014-12-19 }}." ''Ma'an News Agency''. Monday 21 July 2014.</ref>
*[[Gerakan Jihad Islam di Palestina|Jihad Islam]]
*[[Front Rakyat untuk Pembebasan Palestina|PFLP]]<ref name=maan715014/>
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Eskalasi [[konflik Israel–Palestina]] dimulai pada tahun 2014 setelah terjadi serangkaian peristiwa.<ref name=bg/> Peristiwa-peristiwa ini mencakup berlanjutnya [[pemblokiran Jalur Gaza]] oleh pemerintah Mesir dan Israel, berlanjutnya [[serangna roket Palestina ke Israel|serangan roket dari Gaza]], gagalnya diskusi perdamaian yang disponsori Amerika Serikat, upaya pembentukan pemerintahan koalisi oleh faksi-faksi bersaing di Palestina, [[penculikan dan pembunuhan remaja Israel 2014|penculikan dan pembunuhan tiga remaja Israel]], [[penculikan dan pembunuhan Mohammed Abu Khdeir|penculikan dan pembunuhan seorang remaja Palestina]], penangkapan hampir seluruh pemimpin [[Hamas]] di [[Tepi Barat]] oleh Israel, dan meningkatnya serangan roket ke Israel setelah perjanjian pencabutan blokade Gaza secara bertahap tidak dipenuhi karena Hamas melanggar kesepakatan gencatan senjata sebelumnya.<ref name=bg>{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/09/world/middleeast/israel-steps-up-offensive-against-hamas-in-gaza.html?_r=0|title=Israel and Hamas Trade Attacks as Tension Rises|work=The New York Times|accessdate=8 July 2014}}</ref><ref name="economist-two-big"/><ref name=nathanthrall>[[Nathan Thrall]], [http://www.lrb.co.uk/v36/n16/nathan-thrall/hamass-chances 'Hamas’s Chances.'] [[London Review of Books]] Vol. 36 No 16 • 21 August 2014 (1 August) pp. 10–12</ref><ref name="jpost2">{{cite news|date=16 June 2014|title=Watch: West Bank Hamas leadership in Israeli custody|url=http://www.jpost.com/Pillar-of-Defense/Entire-Hamas-leadership-in-West-Bank-in-Israeli-custody-some-may-be-deported-359462|work=The Jerusalem Post}}</ref> Pada malam tanggal 6 Juli, serangan udara Israel di Gaza menewaskan tujuh mlitan Hamas,<ref name="Rabbani">[[Mouin Rabbani]], [http://www.lrb.co.uk/v36/n15/mouin-rabbani/israel-mows-the-lawn 'Israel mows the lawn'], ''[[London Review of Books]]'' Vol. 36 No 15, 31 July 2014, p. 8.</ref> sementara Hamas meningkatkan serangan roketnya ke Israel<ref name="economist-two-big">{{cite news|url=http://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21607895-hamas-wants-two-big-concessions-it-may-not-get-them-why-hamas-fires-those-rockets|title=Conditions for a ceasefire: Why Hamas fires those rockets|publisher=The Economist|accessdate=22 July 2014}}"After the last big Israeli effort to stop the rockets, in November 2012, it was agreed that, along with a ceasefire, the blockade of Gaza would gradually be lifted and the crossings into Egypt and Israel would be opened. The ceasefire generally held, but the siege continued."</ref> dan menyatakan bahwa "seluruh warga Israel" merupakan "target yang sah".<ref name="all-israelis-targets">"[http://gulftoday.ae/portal/5b9bc7fd-ecee-4c5e-9b38-56fca9e87cdb.aspx Hamas says all Israelis will be targeted]". ''[[The Gulf Today]]'', 9 July 2014; retrieved 17 July 2014.</ref><ref name="Abu Toameh K">Abu Toameh, Khaled. [http://www.jpost.com/Operation-Protective-Edge/Hamas-All-Israelis-now-targets-for-missile-attacks-361965 "Hamas: All Israelis now targets for missile attacks"], ''[[The Jerusalem Post]]'', 8 July 2014; retrieved 17 July 2014.</ref> Pada tanggal 8 Juli 2014, Pasukan Pertahanan Israel (IDF) melancarkan '''Operasi Perlindungan Tepi''' ({{lang-en|Operation Protective Edge}}) di [[Jalur Gaza]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jewishpress.com/news/breaking-news/idfs-operation-protective-edge-begins-against-gaza/2014/07/08|title=IDF's Operation "Protective Edge" Begins Against Gaza|publisher=Jewish Press|accessdate=8 July 2014}}</ref>
Tanggal 13 Juli, militer Israel melaporkan bahwa lebih dari 1.300 [[serangan udara]] Israel telah dilancarkan ke Gaza, sementara lebih dari 800 roket telah ditembakkan dari Gaza ke Israel.<ref name="voa_thousands_flee">[http://www.voanews.com/content/israel-makes-first-ground-incursion-in-gaza/1956454.html "Thousands Flee Gaza Homes Under Israel Threat"], Voice of America, 13 July 2014; accessed 22 July 2014.</ref> Keesokan harinya, tanggal 14 Juli, Mesir mengumumkan inisiatif [[gencatan senjata]]. Pemerintah Israel menerima usulan ini dan menghentikan serangan untuk sementara pada pagi 15 Juli. Akan tetapi, semua faksi Palestina, termasuk Presiden Palestina Abbas, mengumumkan bahwa mereka tidak diberitahu soal inisiatif Mesir ini dan baru mengetahuinya lewat media.<ref name="pflp">http://pflp.ps/english/2014/07/15/pflp-proposal-for-calm-seeks-new-chains-on-the-resistance/</ref> Hamas beserta faksi Palestina lainnya menolak "versi [perjanjian] yang sekarang."<ref name="pflp" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2014/07/israel-temporarily-halt-fire-gaza-strip-201471620212427540.html|title=Israel and Hamas to observe brief Gaza truce|publisher=Aljazeera.com|accessdate=22 July 2014}}</ref> Pada tanggal 16 Juli, Hamas dan [[Gerakan Jihad Islam di Palestina|Jihad Islam]] menawarkan [[gencatan senjata]] selama 10 tahun kepada Israel dengan sepuluh syarat, sebagian besar menyinggung soal diakhirinya pemblokiran Jalur Gaza.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=713579|title=Report: Hamas, Islamic Jihad offer 10-year truce|publisher=Ma'an News Agency|accessdate=28 July 2014|archive-date=2014-07-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140724234716/http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=713579|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
Konflik ini merupakan operasi militer paling mematikan yang pernah terjadi di Gaza sejak [[Intifada Kedua]], meskipun jumlah korban tewas dan persentase militan yang tewas masih belum jelas.<ref>Al Jazeera English, [http://m.aljazeera.com/story/2014731172852773778 US: 'little doubt' Israel bombed Gaza school]</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://time.com/3035937/gaza-israel-hamas-palestinian-casualties/|title=How Hamas Wields Gaza’s Casualties as Propaganda|publisher=Time Magazine|accessdate=31 July 2014|date=29 July 2014|author=Steven Stotsky}}</ref> Menurut [[Pemerintahan Jalur Gaza|Kementerian Kesehatan Gaza]], 1.880 warga Palestina tewas<ref name="resigns">[http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2014/Aug-05/266106-uk-minister-resigns-over-government-gaza-policy.ashx#axzz39B6nb6Tv UK minister resigns over government Gaza policy]</ref> and dan 10.000 lainnya cedera.<ref name="investigating"/> Dari jumlah tersebut, 398 di antaranya adalah anak-anak, 207 wanita, dan 74 manula.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dailysabah.com/mideast/2014/08/02/gaza-death-toll-rises-to-1644|title=GAZA'S DEATH TOLL RISES TO 1712|accessdate=2 August 2014}}</ref> Laporan awal untuk [[United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs]] (OCHA) dari Protection Cluster memperkirakan bahwa 1.176 (68%) dari 1.717 korban tewas yang identitasnya sejauh ini sudah dikenali merupakan warga sipil; 573 di antaranya (33% dari total korban tewas) adalah wanita atau anak-anak.<ref name="OCHA"/> Israel bersikukuh bahwa sedikitnya 47% korban tewas di Gaza adalah kombatan.<ref name="47%"/> Di sisi lain, 64 tentara IDF, dua warga sipil Israel, dan seorang pekerja [[bangsa Thai|Thai]] tewas.<ref name="captured"/> Pasukan Pertahanan Israel menyatakan bahwa Hamas menggunakan warga sipil sebagai "[[perisai hidup]]",<ref name="proposes">{{cite news|url=http://bigstory.ap.org/article/israel-says-its-downed-drone-along-southern-coast|title=Egypt proposes cease-fire between Israel, Hamas|author=Josef Federman and Maggie Michael|work=Associated Press|date=14 July 2014}}</ref> dan pada tanggal 17 Juli [[UNRWA]] mengutuk keras kelompok yang menyimpan senjata di salah satu sekolahnya.<ref>[http://www.unrwa.org/newsroom/press-releases/unrwa-strongly-condemns-placement-rockets-school UNRWA Strongly Condemns Placement of Rockets in School], UNRWA website, 17 July 2014</ref> Pada 22 Juli, [[Uni Eropa]] mengutuk semua "seruan kepada penduduk sipil Gaza untuk merelakan dirinya sebagai perisai hidup."<ref>[http://ejpress.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=49892 EU strongly condemns indiscriminate Hamas rockets on Israel and use of Palestinian population as human shields, ‘terrorist groups in Gaza must disarm’, calls for ‘immediate ceasefire’'], [[European Jewish Press]], 22 July 2014.</ref><ref>[http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/.premium-1.606703 European Union: Hamas, other Gaza terror groups must disarm], [[Haaretz]], 22 July 2014.</ref> Hamas membantah kabar bahwa pihaknya menggunakan perisai hidup.<ref name="youtube1">[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TydoLmhMaDo ''Al Jazeera English'' report]; accessed 22 July 2014.</ref> 44% teritori Jalur Gaza ditetapkan sebagai zona kosong (''no-go zone'') oleh militer Israel.<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/30/world/middleeast/loss-of-shelter-and-electricity-worsens-a-crisis-for-fleeing-gazans.html New York Times 30 July 2014]</ref>
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=== Peristiwa susulan ===
[[Berkas:Rockets from gaza (en).png|jmpl|250px|Jangkauan rudal dari Jalur Gaza]]
Pada tanggal 12 Juni 2014, [[penculikan dan pembunuhan remaja Israel|tiga remaja Israel diculik dari Tepi Barat]]: Naftali Fraenkel, Gilad Shaer, dan Eyal Yifrah. Israel menyalahkan [[Hamas]], dan IDF menyatakan bahwa dua pria yang diduga Israel menculik ketiga remaja tersebut diketahui sebagai anggota Hamas.<ref name="CBS 2014 Jun 26">{{cite news|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/israel-ids-2-main-suspects-in-teens-disappearance|title=Israel IDs 2 main suspects in teens disappearance|publisher=[[CBS News]]|date=26 June 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=Operation Brother's keeper|contribution=In extended version of kidnapped teens call to police, murderers heard singing in celebration|contribution-url=http://www.jpost.com/Operation-Brothers-Keeper/In-extended-version-of-kidnapped-teens-call-to-police-murderers-heard-singing-in-celebration-361270|newspaper=[[The Jerusalem Post]]}}</ref> Tidak ada bukti keterlibatan Hamas yang diberikan pemerintah Israel<ref name="Islamist_group_blame">Robert Tait. [http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/israel/10901225/Hamas-kidnapping-Islamist-group-to-blame-for-youths-kidnapping-Benjamin-Netanyahu-says.html "Hamas kidnapping: Islamist group to blame for youths' 'kidnapping', Benjamin Netanyahu says"], ''The Telegraph'', 15 June 2014</ref> dan para petinggi Hamas membantah kelompoknya terlibat dalam insiden ini.<ref name="20140615TOI">{{cite news|url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/israel-rounds-up-senior-hamas-men-in-the-west-bank|title=Israel rounds up senior Hamas men in West Bank sweep|date=15 June 2014|work=The Times of Israel|accessdate=15 June 2014}}</ref> Otoritas Palestina di Tepi Barat menyalahkan penculikan ini pada [[suku Qawasameh|klan Qawasameh]] yang dikenal suka melawan kebijakan Hamas dan melawan upaya apapun demi mencapai [[wikt:Special:Search/entente|entente]] dengan Israel.<ref>Shlomi Eldar [http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2014/06/qawasmeh-clan-hebron-hamas-leadership-mahmoud-abbas.html "Accused kidnappers are actually rogue Hamas branch"], [[Al-Monitor]], 29 June 2014.</ref> Pemimpin politik Hamas Khaled Meshal mengatakan bahwa ia tidak bisa membenarkan atau membantah penculikan ketiga remaja Israel ini, tetapi ia mengucapkan selamat atas aksi para penculik tersebut.<ref name="Haaretz">{{cite news|url=http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/1.600759#!|title=Hamas chief lauds abductors of Israeli teens, says has no new information|work=Haaretz|accessdate=23 June 2014}}</ref> Tanggal 5 Agustus, Israel menyatakan bahwa pihaknya telah menahan Hossam Kawasmeh pada 11 Juli yang diduga merencanakan pembunuhan tiga remaja Israel. Menurut dokumen pengadilan, Kawasmeh mengaku bahwa anggota Hamas di Gaza mendanai perekrutan dan persenjataan para penculik.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.yahoo.com/palestinian-suspect-held-over-kidnap-murders-3-israelis-232132557.html|title=Palestinian suspect held over kidnap murders of 3 Israelis: police|publisher=Yahoo! News|date=2014-08-05|accessdate=2014-08-06}}</ref><ref>{{citeweb|last=Rabinovitch|first=Ari|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/08/05/us-mideast-gaza-arrests-idUSKBN0G529N20140805|title=Israel says it has arrested suspect in killing of 3 teenagers|publisher=Reuters|date=2014-08-05|accessdate=2014-08-06}}</ref> Israel melancarkan [[Operasi Brother's Keeper]], serbuan berskala besar terhadap infrastruktur teroris dan personel Hamas di Tepi Barat<ref name="20140617Algemeiner">{{cite news|url=http://www.algemeiner.com/2014/06/17/idf-seizes-hundreds-of-weapons-in-nablus-as-operation-brother%E2%80%99s-keeper-enters-5th-day-video|title=IDF Seizes Hundreds of Weapons in Nablus, as Operation 'Brother's Keeper' Enters 5th Day|date=17 June 2014|work=[[Algemeiner Journal]]|accessdate=7 July 2014}}</ref> yang awalnya bertujuan membebaskan remaja yang diculik tersebut. 10 warga Palestina tewas dalam beberapa serbuan,<ref name="maannews1"/><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jun/26/hunt-missing-israeli-boys-recriminations|title=Hunt for missing Israeli boys stirs up familiar recriminations|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|date=26 June 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.dailynewsegypt.com/2014/07/03/murder-palestinian-teen-abu-khudeir-condemned|title=Murder of Palestinian teen, Abu Khudeir, condemned|work=[[Daily News Egypt]]|date=3 July 2014}}</ref> dan antara 350 sampai 600 warga Palestina,<ref name="20140615TOI"/><ref name="maannews1">Maan News, http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=714820 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140730054343/http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=714820 |date=2014-07-30 }}</ref><ref name="Ahren">{{cite news|first=Raphael|last=Ahren|url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/is-israels-operation-to-find-kidnapped-teens-a-war-crime|title=Is Israel's operation to find kidnapped teens a war crime?|newspaper=[[The Times of Israel]]|date=23 June 2014}}</ref><ref name="Zitun">{{cite news|first=Yoav|last=Zitun|url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4531266,00.html|title=Operation Bring Back Our Brothers: IDF arrests 200, shift focus to Nablus|publisher=[[Ynetnews]]|date=17 June 2014}}</ref> termasuk hampir seluruh pemimpin Hamas di Tepi Barat,<ref name="jpost2"/><ref>{{cite news|url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/2/8/105345/World/Region/Israel-commited-serious-violations-in-West-Bank-op.aspx|title=Israel committed serious violations in West Bank operations: HRW|work=[[Al-Ahram]]|date=3 July 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/1-wounded-as-israel-arrests-10-palestinians-in-west-bank-114062600717_1.html|title=1 wounded as Israel arrests 10 Palestinians in West Bank|work=[[Business Standard]]|date=26 June 2014}}</ref> ditangkap.<ref>{{cite news|title=Middle East & Africa: Murder of three kidnapped Israeli youths has set dangerous new spate|url=http://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21606288-murder-three-kidnapped-israeli-youths-has-set-dangerous-new-spate|newspaper=The Economist}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=Yoav|last=Zitun|url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4532764,00.html|title=Rescue units rushed to Hebron, searching wells and caves|publisher=Ynetnews.com|date=21 June 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|first=John B.|last=Judis|url=http://www.newrepublic.com/article/118630/israel-palestine-murders-cause-criss-will-john-kerry-step|title=John Kerry's First Peace Effort in Israel and Palestine Failed, But Now He Needs to Try Again|newspaper=[[The New Republic]]|date=9 July 2014|accessdate=28 July 2014}}</ref> Di antara mereka yang ditangkap adalah orang-orang yang baru saja dibebaskan melalui proses [[pertukaran tahanan Gilad Shalit]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Crowcroft|first1=Orlando|title=Palestinians freed in 2011 Gilad Shalit prisoner-swap back in custody|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jun/18/palestinians-freed-2001-gilad-shalit-custody|publisher=The Guardian|date=18 June 2014}}</ref>
Tanggal 30 Juni, tim pencari menemukan jasad ketiga remaja yang hilang di dekat Hebron.<ref name="JPOST_Dead">{{cite news|title=Bodies of three kidnapped Israeli teens found in West Bank|url=http://www.jpost.com/Operation-Brothers-Keeper/Large-number-of-IDF-forces-gather-north-of-Hebron-in-search-for-kidnapped-teens-361048|work=The Jerusalem Post|date=30 June 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4536378,00.html|title=Security forces find missing teens' bodies in West Bank|publisher=[[Ynetnews]]|accessdate=30 June 2014}}</ref><ref name="bo3ktf">{{cite news|url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/bodies-of-three-kidnapped-teens-found|title=Bodies of three kidnapped teens found|newspaper=[[The Times of Israel]]|date=30 June 2014}}</ref> Pemerintah Israel tampaknya sudah mengetahui dengan pasti bahwa ketiga remaja ini langsung ditembak sesaat setelah diculik,<ref>Noam Sheizaf,[http://972mag.com/how-the-public-was-manipulated-into-believing-the-teens-were-alive/92865 "How the public was manipulated into believing the teens were alive"], 972mag.com, 2 July 2014.</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://forward.com/articles/201764/how-politics-and-lies-triggered-an-unintended-war/?p=all|title=How Politics and Lies Triggered an Unintended War in Gaza|newspaper=The Jewish Daily Forward|date=10 July 2014}}</ref> dan wartawan BBC [[Jon Donnison]] mengatakan bahwa juru bicara [[Micky Rosenfeld]] memberitahunya bahwa para penculik merupakan sel terpisah yang berafiliasi dengan Hamas namun tidak beroperasi atas perintah Hamas.<ref>{{cite news|author1=Katie Zavadski|title=It Turns Out Hamas May Not Have Kidnapped and Killed the 3 Israeli Teens After All|url=http://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2014/07/hamas-didnt-kidnap-the-israeli-teens-after-all.html|agency=[[New York (magazine)|New York magazine]]|date=28 Jul, 2014 (updated)|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140730074250/http://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2014/07/hamas-didnt-kidnap-the-israeli-teens-after-all.html|archivedate=30 Jul, 2014|deadurl=no}} "Israeli police spokesman Mickey Rosenfeld also said if kidnapping had been ordered by Hamas leadership, they'd have known about it in advance."</ref> ''[[Al-Monitor]]'' melaporkan bahwa para penculik adalah cabang yang terkait dengan Hamas yang mulai liar sendiri.<ref name=rogue>Shlomi Eldar [http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2014/06/qawasmeh-clan-hebron-hamas-leadership-mahmoud-abbas.html "Accused kidnappers are actually rogue Hamas branch"], ''[[Al-Monitor]]'', 29 June 2014.</ref> Sehari setelah jenazah tiga remaja Israel dikuburkan, [[penculikan dan pembunuhan Mohammed Abu Khdeir|seorang remaja Palestina diculik dan dibunuh]].
Sejak 1 Mei sampai 11 Juni, 6 roket dan 3 peluru mortar diluncurkan dari Gaza ke Israel.<ref name=list>{{cite web|title=List of Palestinian rocket attacks on Israel, 2014|url=https://en.wiki-indonesia.club/wiki/List_of_Palestinian_rocket_attacks_on_Israel,_2014|publisher=Wikipedia}}</ref> Tanggal 29 Juni, serangan udara Israel ke awak roket menewaskan seorang militan Hamas. Keesokan harinya, Hamas menanggapi serangan Israel dengan serangkaian roket; ini adalah pertama kalinya Hamas meluncurkan roket sejak konflik tahun 2012.<ref name=Goldberg/> Sejak hari penculikan tanggal 12 Juni sampai 5 Juli, 117 roket diluncurkan dari Gaza<ref name=list/> dan 80 serangan udara Israel dilancarkan ke Gaza.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Tzuri|first1=Matan|url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4532020,00.html|website=www.ynetnews.com|publisher=Ynet|accessdate=3 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/2014/06/29/uk-israel-palestinians-idUKKBN0F40F220140629|website=uk.reuters.com|publisher=Reuters|accessdate=3 August 2014}}</ref> Pada malam 6 Juli, serangan Israel menewaskan tujuh militan Hamas.<ref name="Rabbani"/> Sebagai tanggapan, militan Hamas meningkatkan jumlah serangan roket ke Israel.<ref name="economist-two-big"/> Pada 7 Juli, militan Hamas telah menembakkan 100 roket dari Gaza ke wilayah Israel dan [[Angkatan Udara Israel]] telah mengebom beberapa target di Gaza.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2014/7/7/israel-launched-deadlyairstrikesingaza.html|title=Israel launches military offensive in Gaza|publisher=[[Al-Jazeera]]|date=7 July 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=Noam|last=Sheizaf|url=http://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2014/7/8/israeli-palestinianclashesupsettingisraelifaithinstatusquo.html|title=Israeli-Palestinian clashes upsetting Israeli faith in status quo|publisher=[[Al-Jazeera]]|date=7 July 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/1.603472|type=live updates|date=7 July 2014|title=Rockets bombard south, Hamas claims responsibility|work=[[Haaretz]]|accessdate=11 July 2014}}</ref> Pada 8 Juli, IAF mengebom 50 target di Jalur Gaza.<ref>{{Citation|first1=Spencer|last1=Ho|first2=Yifa|last2=Yaakov|url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/israel-pounds-dozens-of-gaza-targets-in-major-counteroffensive|title=Israel hits Hamas, Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ) leaders after rockets land north of Tel Aviv|type=blog|newspaper=[[The Times of Israel]]|date=8 July 2014}}</ref> Militer Israel juga menggagalkan infiltrasi militan dari laut.<ref>{{cite web|last=Horovitz|first=David|url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/israel-pounds-dozens-of-gaza-targets-in-major-counteroffensive|title=Israel hits Hamas, Islamic Jihad leaders after rockets land north of Tel Aviv|work=The Times of Israel|date=23 December 2013|accessdate=10 July 2014}}</ref> Brigadir Jenderal Moti Almoz, kepala juru bicara militer Israel, mengatakan "Kami diperintahkan oleh para eselon politik untuk menyerang Hamas dengan keras."<ref name=Goldberg>{{cite web|last=Goldberg|first=J.J.|title=How Politics and Lies Triggered an Unintended War in Gaza|url=http://forward.com/articles/201764/how-politics-and-lies-triggered-an-unintended-war|work=The Forward|accessdate=14 July 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140724041900/http://forward.com/articles/201764/how-politics-and-lies-triggered-an-unintended-war/?p=all|archivedate=24 July, 2014|deadurl=no}}</ref> Pada hari yang sama, Hamas menyatakan bahwa "semua warga Israel" adalah "target yang sah"<ref name="all-israelis-targets"/><ref name="Abu Toameh K"/> dan memaksa Israel mengakhiri semua serangannya ke Gaza, membebaskan orang-orang yang kembali ditangkap saat serbuan di Tepi Barat, mengakhiri pemblokiran Gaza dan kembali ke kondisi gencatan senjata 2012 sebagai syarat gencatan senjata.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=711104|title=Hamas armed wing sets conditions for ceasefire|publisher=Maannews.net|accessdate=22 July 2014|archive-date=2014-07-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140724215525/http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=711104|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
== Garis waktu ==
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Menurut United Nations' Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), pada 31 Juli 2014 di Jalur Gaza, lebih dari 250.000 warga Palestina kehilangan tempat tinggal, 236.375 di antaranya berlindung di 88 sekolah UNRWA (lebih dari 11 persen populasi Gaza). UNRWA telah mengerahkan segala kemampuannya untuk memfasilitasi para pengungsi, dan kepadatan pengungsi meningkatkan risiko terjadinya wabah. Seluruh penduduk Gaza sebanyak 1,8 juta jiwa terkena dampak pembatasan dan/atau berkurangnya persediaan air. 137 sekolah dan 24 fasilitas kesehatan<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/gaza-conflict-israel-hamas-both-committing-war-crimes-un-official-says-1.2723446|title=Gaza conflict: Israel, Hamas both committing war crimes, UN official says – World – CBC News|publisher=Cbc.ca|date=|accessdate=2 August 2014}}</ref> rusak, 945 rumah (10.690 keluarga) hancur total atau rusak parah, dan rumah milik 5.435 keluarga rusak namun masih bisa ditinggali. Di seluruh Jalur Gaza, penduduknya hanya mendapat pasokan listrik selama tiga jam per hari. Penghancuran satu-satunya pembangkit listrik di Gaza sangat memengaruhi keadaan kesehatan masyarakat dan mengurangi layanan air dan sanitasi; rumah sakit semakin bergantung pada generator listrik.
OCHA memperkirakan bahwa sedikitnya 373.000 anak membutuhkan [[bantuan psikososial]].<ref name="OCHA"/> "Kepadatan yang berlebihan, ditambah terbatasnya akses staf kemanusiaan ke tempat-tempat tertentu, terus mengurangi kualitas hidup di beberapa pengungsian dan meningkatkan kekhawatiran soal perlindungan. Suplai air belakangan ini lumayan menantang..."<ref>{{cite web|title=Occupied Palestinian Territory: Gaza emergency: Humanitarian Snapshot (as of 22 July 2014)|url=http://www.ochaopt.org/documents/humanitarian_Snapshot_23July2014_oPt_V1.pdf|publisher=UN OCHA|date=22 July 2014|access-date=2014-08-06|archive-date=2014-07-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140727103308/http://www.ochaopt.org/documents/humanitarian_Snapshot_23July2014_oPt_V1.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Lebih dari 485.000 pengungsi dalam negeri membutuhkan bantuan pangan darurat.<ref name="OCHA"/>
=== Penduduk Israel ===
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|| ~380
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|| 5 Agustus<ref name="resigns"/><ref name="continues">{{cite web|url=http://english.farsnews.com/newstext.aspx?nn=13930512000226|title=Gaza Death Toll Growing as Israel Continues Massacre|accessdate=2 August 2014|archive-date=2014-08-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808050624/http://english.farsnews.com/newstext.aspx?nn=13930512000226|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
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| [[Pusat Hak Asasi Manusia Palestina]]
Baris 167:
Lebih dari 269.800 orang yang kehilangan tempat tinggal mengungsi di sekolah-sekolah [[UNRWA]]. 138 sekolah dan 26 fasilitas medis rusak. Selain itu, lebih dari 14.130 rumah hancur atau rusak akibat serangan udara.<ref name="OCHA"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2014/07/gaza-toll-passes-100-as-israel-raids-continue-2014711104221774156.html |title=Gaza toll passes 105 as Israel raids continue|publisher=Aljazeera.com|date=11 July 2014|accessdate=17 July 2014}}</ref> IDF memperkirakan bahwa sekitar 30–40% roket yang disiimpan Hamas dan kelompok militan Palestina lainnya berhasil dimusnahkan.<ref name="updateno13">{{cite web|url=http://www.terrorism-info.org.il/Data/articles/Art_20686/E_127_14_1293730018.pdf |title=Operation Protective Edge – Update No. 13 |format=PDF |date=27 July 2014 |publisher=Israeli Intelligence & Heritage Commemoration Center |accessdate=28 July 2014}}</ref>
Menurut [[Intelligence and Terrorism Information Center|Meir Amit Intelligence and Terrorism Center]], per 4 Agustus 2014, 453 teroris, 466 warga sipil, dan 579 warga Palestina yang tak dikenal tewas di Gaza.<ref name="updateno19"/> Ketika pertempuran Israel–Gaza berlangsung, unjuk rasa solidaritas terjadi secara sporadis di Tepi Barat. Kekerasan selama unjuk rasa menewaskan 11 warga Palestina pada 22–26 Juli.<ref>[http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=716306 "Entire Gaza family killed prior to ceasefire, as death toll tops 940"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140730124119/http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=716306 |date=2014-07-30 }}, [[Ma'an News Agency]], 26 July 2014.</ref>
Pada tanggal 30 Juli, media Israel dan Palestina melaporkan bahwa 30 warga sipil dari berbagai daerah di Gaza dituduh bekerja sama dengan Israel dan [[eksekusi kilat|langsung dieksekusi]]. Selain itu, sekitar 20 warga sipil dari [[Shejaia]] dikabarkan tewas saat unjuk rasa politik melawan Hamas; mereka menyalahkan Hamas atas kehancuran masif di permukiman mereka.<ref name=solomon>{{cite news|url=http://www.jpost.com/Operation-Protective-Edge/Report-Hamas-executes-alleged-spies-shoots-protesters-in-Gaza-369331|title=Report: Hamas executes alleged spies, shoots protesters in Gaza|first=Ariel Ben|last=Solomon|publisher=''The Jerusalem Post''|date=29 July 2014|accessdate=30 July 2014}}</ref> Beberapa hari kemudian, Hamas kabarnya membunuh 2 warga Gaza dan melukai 10 lainnya setelah terjadi bentrokan gara-gara pembagian makanan.<ref>http://www.algemeiner.com/2014/07/29/hamas-police-shoot-kill-starving-gazans-a-day-after-executing-protesters/</ref>
Baris 188:
Meski sejauh ini belum terbukti, Hamas melaporkan telah:
* Menewaskan 150 tentara IDF<ref>[http://www.presstv.com/detail/2014/08/01/373654/two-palestinians-shot-dead-in-west-bank// "Two Palestinian protesters shot dead in [[West Bank]]"], [[Press TV]]; accessed 30 July 2014.</ref><ref>[http://www.presstv.com/detail/2014/07/28/373159/10-israeli-soldiers-killed-in-gaza/ "10 Israeli soldiers killed east of Shujaiyya"], [[Press TV]]; accessed 30 July 2014.</ref><ref>[http://www.aa.com.tr/en/gaza/365969--110-israeli-troops-killed-in-gaza-war-hamas "110 Israeli troops killed in Gaza war: Hamas"], [[Anadolu Agency]]; accessed 30 July 2014.</ref>
* Menembak jatuh satu pesawat F16<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://en.shafaqna.com/topnews/item/30430-israeli-f16-hit-by-surface-to-air-missile-over-gaza-hamas-claims.html |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2014-08-06 |archive-date=2015-01-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150114032923/http://en.shafaqna.com/topnews/item/30430-israeli-f16-hit-by-surface-to-air-missile-over-gaza-hamas-claims.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
* Menangkap seorang tentara<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=714871 |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2014-08-06 |archive-date=2014-11-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141119075955/http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=714871 |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
* Menerbangkan UAV di atas Tel Aviv dan mengambil foto markas IDF<ref>http://fortunascorner.com/2014/07/14/hamas-claims-multiple-uavs-launched-into-israel/</ref>
* Menghancurkan dua tank IDF<ref>http://212.28.242.152/~emqw83im/essaydetails.php?eid=7393&cid=388#.U-B-cvmSyPs</ref>
Baris 225:
* {{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-28252155|title=Gaza-Israel conflict: What is the fighting about?|publisher=[[BBC News Online]]|accessdate=23 July 2014}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.ochaopt.org/content.aspx?id=1010361|title=Gaza Crisis|publisher=[[United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs]]|accessdate=23 July 2014}}
* [http://blogs.channel4.com/world-news-blog/gaza-bloodshed-crisis-unfolded/27718 Channel-4 Israel-Gaza crisis 2014 story so far] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140731012003/http://blogs.channel4.com/world-news-blog/gaza-bloodshed-crisis-unfolded/27718 |date=2014-07-31 }}
[[Kategori:Israel dalam tahun 2014]]
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