Electron (roket): Perbedaan antara revisi

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{{Under construction}}{{Infobox rocket|name=Electron|comparable=[[Shavit]], [[Kaituozhe-1]], [[Unha]], [[Orbex#Prime launcher|Prime]], [[PLD Space#Miura 5|Miura 5]]|capacities={{Infobox rocket/payload
|location = 500&nbsp;km&nbsp;[[Sun-synchronousOrbit orbitsinkron Matahari|SSO]]<ref name=rocketlab-electron />
|kilos = {{convert|150|-|225|kg|abbr=on|round=5}}<ref name=rocketlab-electron />
}}|only=<!--launch date if only one was launched, optional-->|last=13 JuneJuni 2020 <!---updated for Flight 12 --->|first=25 MayMei 2017|other_outcome=<!--number of launches with unknown outcomes (or in progress), optional-->|partial=<!--total partially failed launches, optional-->|fail=1<!--total failed launches, optional-->|success=11<!--total successful launches, optional-->|launches=12<!--total launches to date: Latest was #12 "Don't stop me now"-->|sites={{plainlist|
* [[Rocket Lab Launch Complex 1|Mahia LC-1]] (activeaktif)
* [[Mid-Atlantic Regional Spaceport|MARS]] (plannedrencana)
* [[Sutherland spaceport|Sutherland]] (proposedusulan)<ref>{{cite news |url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2018/07/16/scotland-site-selected-as-launch-base-for-lockheed-martin-orbex/ |title=Scotland site selected as launch base for Lockheed Martin, Orbex |work=Spaceflight Now |first=Stephen |last=Clark |date=16 July 2018}}</ref>
}}|status=ActiveAktif|derivatives=|logo=[[File:Electron rocket logo.svg|center|200px]]|family=|stages=2–3<ref name=rocketlab-electron /><ref name=pm-stage3>{{cite news |url=http://www.popularmechanics.com/space/rockets/a15854376/rocket-lab-engine-kick-stage-electron-rocket/ |title=Rocket Lab Reveals Secret Engine and "Kick Stage" for the Electron Rocket |work=Popular Mechanics |last1=Bennett |first1=Jay |date=23 January 2018 |accessdate=24 January 2018}}</ref>|mass={{convert|12500|kg|abbr=on}}<ref name=spacelaunchreport-electron />|diameter={{convert|1.2|m|abbr=on}}<ref name=rocketlab-electron />|height={{convert|17|m|abbr=on}}<ref name=rocketlab-electron>{{cite web |url=https://rocketlabusa.com/electron/ |title=Electron |publisher=Rocket Lab |accessdate=24 July 2017}}</ref>|cpl=AboutSekitar {{US$|6 millionjuta}}<ref name="science20171206" />|pcost=<!--project cost, optional-->|country-origin=New[[Selandia ZealandBaru]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rocketlabusa.com/news/updates/rocket-lab-celebrates-rich-ten-year-history/ |title=Rocket Lab Celebrates Rich Ten-Year History |date=30 June 2016 |publisher=Rocket Lab USA}}</ref><br />United[[Amerika StatesSerikat]]<ref name="ars20181017">{{cite news |url=https://arstechnica.com/science/2018/10/rocket-lab-gets-second-launch-site-gears-up-for-rapid-flight-cadence/ |title=Rocket Lab Gets Second Launch Site Gears Up for Rapid Flight Cadence |work=Ars Technica |first=Eric |last=Berger |date=17 October 2018 |accessdate=17 October 2018}}</ref><ref name="sfi20150502">{{cite news |url=http://www.spaceflightinsider.com/missions/commercial/rocket-lab-electron-rutherford-peter-beck-started-first-place/ |title=Rocket Lab: the Electron, the Rutherford, and why Peter Beck started it in the first place |work=Spaceflight Insider |first=Rae |last=Botsford End |date=2 May 2015 |accessdate=20 October 2018}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rocketlabusa.com/news/updates/rocket-lab-successfully-makes-it-to-space-2/ |title=Rocket Lab Electron 'Its a Test' flight successfully makes it to space |date=25 May 2017 |publisher=Rocket Lab}}</ref>|manufacturer=[[Rocket Lab]]|function=[[Small-liftKendaraan launchpeluncur vehicle|Small-liftorbital]] [[Orbitalkelas launch vehicle]]rendah|image=[[File:Electron Orthographic.png|center|319x319px]]|stagedata={{Infobox rocket/stage
|type = stage
|stageno = Firstpertama
|length = {{convert|12.1|m|abbr=on}}
|diameter = {{convert|1.2|m|abbr=on}}<ref name=rocketlab-electron />
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|propmass = <!--propellant mass carried by a single booster/stage in kilograms, optional-->
|engines = 9 × [[Rutherford (rocket engine)|Rutherford]]<ref name=rocketlab-electron />
|thrust = {{nowrap|'''Sea level:''' {{convert|162|kN|abbr=on}}<ref name=rocketlab-electron />}} <br/> '''VacuumVakum:''' {{convert|192|kN|abbr=on}}<ref name=rocketlab-electron />
|SI = {{convert|303|isp}}<ref name=rocketlab-electron />
|burntime = <!--burn time, required-->
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{{Infobox rocket/stage
|type = stage
|stageno = Secondkedua
|length = {{convert|2.4|m|abbr=on}}
|diameter = {{convert|1.2|m|abbr=on}}<ref name=rocketlab-electron />
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|gross = <!--gross (fuelled) mass of a single booster/stage, optional-->
|propmass = <!--propellant mass carried by a single booster/stage in kilograms, optional-->
|engines = 1 × [[Rutherford (rocketmesin engineroket)|Rutherford]]<ref name=rocketlab-electron />
|thrust = '''VacuumVakum:''' {{convert|22|kN|abbr=on}}<ref name=rocketlab-electron />
|SI = {{convert|333|isp}}<ref name=rocketlab-electron />
|burntime = <!--burn time, required-->
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{{Infobox rocket/stage
|type = stage
|stageno = Thirdketiga
|diff = optionalopsional
|length =
|diameter =
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|gross = <!--gross (fuelled) mass of a single booster/stage, optional-->
|propmass = <!--propellant mass carried by a single booster/stage in kilograms, optional-->
|engines = 1 × [[Curie (rocketmesin engineroket)|Curie]]<ref name=pm-stage3 />
|thrust = '''VacuumVakum:''' {{convert|0.12|kN|abbr=on}}<ref name=pm-stage3 />
|SI =
|burntime = <!--burn time, required-->
|fuel = ''unspecified "''green" monopropellant'' yang tidak diketahui''
}}|imsize=20px}}<nowiki> </nowiki>'''Electron''' adalah kendaraan peluncur orbital [[Dua-tahap-ke-orbit|dua-tahap]] (dengan tahap ketiga opsional) yang dikembangkan dan dioperasikan oleh perusahaan dirgantara Amerika [[Rocket Lab]] dengan tujuan melayani segmen peluncuran [[Miniaturisasi satelit|satelit kecil]] menuju orbit. [[ Rutherford (mesin roket) |Mesin Rutherford]] yang digunakannya adalah mesin roket orbital pertama yang menggunakan pompa bertenaga listrik.<ref name="popsci_rutherford">{{Cite news|url=https://www.popsci.com/rocket-labs-got-3d-printed-battery-powered-rocket-engine|title=A 3D-Printed, Battery-Powered Rocket Engine|work=Popular Science|last=Grush|first=Loren|date=14 April 2015|access-date=22 January 2018}}</ref>
 
Pada Desember 2016, Electron menyelesaikan kualifikasi penerbangan. Peluncuran pertama Electron dilakukan pada 25 Mei 2017, namun roket gagal mencapai orbit karena kegagalan pada peralatan komunikasi di darat. Pada 21 Januari 2018, Electron meluncur untuk kedua kalinya dan berhasil mencapai orbit. Peluncuran tersebut meluncurkan tiga CubeSat menuju orbit.<ref name="nzh20180121">{{Cite news|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/business/news/article.cfm?c_id=3&objectid=11979201|title=Blast off! Rocket Lab successfully reaches orbit|work=[[The New Zealand Herald]]|last=Ryan|first=Holly|date=21 January 2018|access-date=21 January 2018}}</ref> Peluncuran ketiga sekaligus peluncuran komersil pertamanya dilakukan pada 11 November 2018.<ref>{{Citation|last=Rocket Lab|title=It's Business Time Launch - 11/11/2018|date=10 November 2018|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=26&v=sPwMuUxSrcA|access-date=11 November 2018}}</ref>
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Electron menggunakan dua tahap roket yang menggunakan propelan [[RP-1]]/[[Oksigen cair|LOX]] dengan diameter yang sama (1,2 meter). Bagian utama roket dibuat menggunakan material [[Plastik diperkuat-grafit|komposit karbon]] ringan.<ref name="ft_launch">{{Cite news|url=https://www.ft.com/content/41572f8a-fe4d-11e7-9650-9c0ad2d7c5b5|title=Private group in 'world first' cheap rocket launch|work=[[Financial Times]]|last=Smyth|first=Jamie|date=21 January 2018|access-date=22 January 2018}}</ref>
 
Kedua tahap roket menggunakan [[ Rutherford (mesin roket) |mesinRutherfordmesin Rutherford]], mesin roket dengan pompa bertenaga listrik pertama yang mencapai orbit.<ref name="popsci_rutherford">{{Cite news|url=https://www.popsci.com/rocket-labs-got-3d-printed-battery-powered-rocket-engine|title=A 3D-Printed, Battery-Powered Rocket Engine|work=Popular Science|last=Grush|first=Loren|date=14 April 2015|access-date=22 January 2018}}</ref> Tenaga listrik untuk sistem pompa ini dipasok oleh baterai [[ Baterai polimer lithium |Li-Polymer]] yang dibawa oleh roket selama peluncuran. Tahap kedua menggunakan tiga baterai, dua baterai akan dilepas dari roket ketika daya listrik sudah habis untuk mengurangi massa roket.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://spaceflight101.com/launch-week-arrives-for-rocket-labs-electron/|title=Launch Week Arrives for Rocket Lab's Electron – Spaceflight101|language=en-US|access-date=13 June 2019}}</ref> Tahap pertama Electron menggunakan sembilan mesin Rutherford, sementara satu versi mesin yang dioptimalkan untuk kondisi vakum ditugaskan pada tahap kedua roket. Mesin dari tahap pertama menghasilkan [[gaya dorong]] total sebesar {{Convert|162|kN|abbr=on}} dan tahap kedua menghasilkan gaya dorong sebesar {{Convert|22|kN|abbr=on}}. Hampir semua bagian mesin Rutherford dicetak menggunakan [[Percetakan 3D|pencetak 3D]] untuk menghemat waktu dan biaya proses pembuatan.<ref name="ft_launch">{{Cite news|url=https://www.ft.com/content/41572f8a-fe4d-11e7-9650-9c0ad2d7c5b5|title=Private group in 'world first' cheap rocket launch|work=[[Financial Times]]|last=Smyth|first=Jamie|date=21 January 2018|access-date=22 January 2018}}</ref>
 
Rocket Lab juga telah mengembangkan tahap ketiga opsional yang dirancang untuk menyempurnakan orbit dari muatan satelitnya. Tahap ketiga ini juga menempatkan satelit ke orbit yang lebih akurat dalam waktu yang lebih singkat. Tahapan roket yang juga disebut sebagai tahapan "kick" ini menggunakan mesin bernama Curie yang dicetak 3D dan mampu melakukan beberapa manuver pembakaran menggunakan [[ Monopropellant |monopropellant]] yang tidak diketahui oleh publik. Tahap ketiga ini pertama kali digunakan dalam penerbangan kedua Electron.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://spacenews.com/rocket-lab-launch-also-tested-new-kick-stage/|title=Rocket Lab launch also tested new kick stage|work=[[SpaceNews]]|first=Jeff|last=Foust|date=23 January 2018|access-date=23 January 2018}}</ref> Tahap "kick" dapat menngangkut muatan yang memiliki massa hingga {{Convert|150|kg|lb|abbr=on}}.<ref name=":11">{{Cite web|url=https://www.rocketlabusa.com/news/updates/rocket-lab-successfully-circularizes-orbit-with-new-electron-kick-stage/|title=Rocket Lab successfully circularizes orbit with new Electron kick stage|last=Rocket Lab|date=23 January 2018|access-date=9 May 2019}}</ref>