'''Mekanisme penyandaranPenyandaran dan penambatan wahana antariksa''' (bahasa Inggris: '''docking and berthing''') adalah [[mekanisme]] yang digunakan untuk menghubungkan satu [[wahana antariksa]] ke wahana antariksa lainnya (termasuk stasiun luar angkasa). Sambungan dapat bersifat sementara atau semipermanen untuk modul [[stasiun luar angkasa]].
Mekanisme '''penyandaran''' (''docking'') secara rinci merujuk pada penggabungan dua buah wahana antariksa yang terbang bebas.<ref name="her">{{cite web|url=https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/20110010964.pdf|title=ISS Interface Mechanisms and their Heritage|author1=John Cook|author2=Valery Aksamentov|date=1 Jan 2011|publisher=Boeing|location=Houston, Texas|accessdate=31 March 2015|quote=Docking is when one incoming spacecraft rendezvous with another spacecraft and flies a controlled collision trajectory in such a manner so as to align and mesh the interface mechanisms. The spacecraft docking mechanisms typically enter what is called soft capture, followed by a load attenuation phase, and then the hard docked position which establishes an air-tight structural connection between spacecraft. Berthing, by contrast, is when an incoming spacecraft is grappled by a robotic arm and its interface mechanism is placed in close proximity of the stationary interface mechanism. Then typically there is a capture process, coarse alignment and fine alignment and then structural attachment.|author3=Thomas Hoffman|author4=Wes Bruner}}</ref><ref name="nasa20090317">{{cite web|url=https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/20090014038_2009013104.pdf|title=International Docking Standardization|date=2009-03-17|publisher=NASA|page=15|accessdate=2011-03-04|quote=Docking: The joining or coming together of two separate free flying space vehicles}}</ref><ref name="ARDS">{{cite book|title=Automated Rendezvous and Docking of Spacecraft|last=Fehse|first=Wigbert|date=2003|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0521824927|location=Cambridge, UK}}</ref><ref name="AdvanDock">{{cite web|url=http://gltrs.grc.nasa.gov/reports/2005/CP-2005-213655-VOL1/15Robertson.pdf|title=Advanced Docking/Berthing System – NASA Seal Workshop|date=2004-11-04|publisher=NASA|page=15|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110922084406/http://gltrs.grc.nasa.gov/reports/2005/CP-2005-213655-VOL1/15Robertson.pdf|archivedate=September 22, 2011|accessdate=2011-03-04|quote=Berthing refers to mating operations where an inactive module/vehicle is placed into the mating interface using a Remote Manipulator System-RMS. Docking refers to mating operations where an active vehicle flies into the mating interface under its own power.|url-status=dead}}</ref> Sementara itu, mekanisme '''penambatan''' (''berthing'') merujuk pada penghubungan wahana/modul tidak aktif pada antarmuka penghubung wahana antariksa lainnya menggunakan [[lengan robot]]—bukan menggunakan propulsi dari wahana tidak aktif.<ref name="her" /><ref name="ARDS" /><ref name="AdvanDock" /> Karena proses pelepasan tambat modern memerlukan banyak tenaga dan memakan waktu yang lama, mekanisme penambatan tidak cocok untuk evakuasi cepat awak wahana antariksa dalam kondisi darurat.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2015/02/astronauts-spacewalk-re-wire-iss-commercial-crew/|title=EVA-30 concludes latest ISS commercial crew preparations|date=February 25, 2015}}</ref>
