Milenial: Perbedaan antara revisi

Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
Fahriahmad306 (bicara | kontrib)
Tidak ada ringkasan suntingan
Tag: Suntingan perangkat seluler Suntingan peramban seluler
InternetArchiveBot (bicara | kontrib)
Rescuing 4 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.8
Baris 36:
Milenial di China umumnya di panggil sebagai generasi 1980-an dan 1990-an. Pada konferensi tahun 2015 di Shanghai yang di organisir oleh [[Universitas California Selatan|University of Southern California]]'s US-China Institute, Milenial di China di bandingkan dengan Millenial di Amerika.<ref>[http://china.usc.edu/ University of Southern California US-China Institute] University of Southern California, 2015</ref> Ruang lingkup study meliputi perkawinan Milenial, melahirkan anak, membesarkan anak, kehidupan dan karier serta sikap terhadap pekerjaan suka rela dan aktivis.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://china.usc.edu/video-millennialminds|title=Video: #MillennialMinds|date=2015|publisher=University of Southern California}}</ref>
 
Sebagian kecil dari ahli demografi menggolongkan generasi Milenial di mulai dari kelahiran pertangahan tahun 1970-an seperti Synchrony Financial yang menjabarkan Milenial dimulai dari kelahiran tahun 1976,<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.cnbc.com/2015/05/22/who-are-the-millennials-anyway.html|title=Who are the Millennials Anyway|date=22 May 2015|via=CNBC}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.synchronyfinancial.com/8131_SYN_MultiGenWP.pdf|title=Balancing Multi-Generational Retail Strategies Winning over Millennials without losing Boomers|date=2014|publisher=Synchrony Financial|access-date=26 June 2016}}</ref> Mobilize.org mendefinisikan sebagai kelahiran tahun 1976–1996,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ash.harvard.edu/files/ash/files/presentation-enista.pdf|title=Mobilize.org Snapshot|website=ash.harvard.edu|publisher=Mobilize.org|access-date=October 28, 2016}}</ref> [[MetLife]] mendefinikan sebagai kelahiran tahun 1977–1994,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.metlife.com/assets/cao/mmi/publications/Profiles/mmi-gen-y-demographic-profile.pdf|title=Demographic Profile – America's Gen Y|date=2009|agency=MetLife|access-date=9 June 2016|archive-date=2016-08-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160829033918/https://www.metlife.com/assets/cao/mmi/publications/Profiles/mmi-gen-y-demographic-profile.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref> dan [[Rating Nielsen|Nielsen Media Research]] mendefinikan sebagai kelahiran tahun 1977–1995.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nielsen.com/us/en/insights/news/2014/millennials-much-deeper-than-their-facebook-pages.html|title=Millennials: Much Deeper Than Their Facebook Pages|website=www.nielsen.com|access-date=2016-10-24}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nielsen.com/us/en/insights/reports/2014/millennials-breaking-the-myths.html|title=Millennials: Breaking the Myths|website=www.nielsen.com|access-date=2016-10-24}}</ref>
 
Mayoritas peneliti dan ahli demografi menentukan generasi Milenial dimuali dari kelahiran awal tahun 1980-an sampai pertengahan tahun 1990-an. [[Australia]]'s McCrindle Research<ref name="McCrindle">[http://mccrindle.com.au/resources/whitepapers/McCrindle-Research_ABC-01_Generations-Defined_Mark-McCrindle.pdf Generations Defined] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160616232732/http://mccrindle.com.au/resources/whitepapers/McCrindle-Research_ABC-01_Generations-Defined_Mark-McCrindle.pdf |date=2016-06-16 }}.</ref> mendefinisikan tahun 1980–1994 sebagai tahun kelahiran Generasi Y. Sebuah laporan [[PricewaterhouseCoopers]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.pwc.com/en_GX/gx/hr-management-services/pdf/pwc-nextgen-study-2013.pdf|title=PwC’s NextGen: A global generational study|last=PwC|last2=University of Southern California and the London Business School|year=2013|website=PwC's NextGen: A global generational study|publisher=PwC|format=PDF|access-date=19 March 2014}}</ref> pada tahun 2013 dan Edelman Berland<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.edelman.com/news/study-finds-millennial-generations-power-to-influence-is-increasing/|title=Study Finds Millennial Generation’s Power to Influence Is Increasing – Edelman|work=Edelman|newspaper=Edelman|language=en-US|access-date=2016-11-01}}More than one of <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#x7C;work=</code> dan <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#x7C;newspaper=</code> specified ([[Bantuan:CS1 errors#redundant parameters|bantuan]]) CS1 maint: Unrecognized language ([[:Kategori:CS1 maint: Unrecognized language|link]])
</ref> menggunakan tahun 1980–1995. Gallup Inc.,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gallup.com/businessjournal/173537/hotels-engage-gen-millennial-guests.aspx|title=How Hotels Can Engage Gen X and Millennial Guests|last=Inc.|first=Gallup,|website=Gallup.com|access-date=28 February 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gallup.com/businessjournal/187364/millennial-banking-customers-two-myths-one-fact.aspx|title=Millennial Banking Customers: Two Myths, One Fact|last=Inc.|first=Gallup,|website=Gallup.com|access-date=28 February 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gallup.com/businessjournal/181829/insurance-companies-big-problem-millennials.aspx|title=Insurance Companies Have a Big Problem With Millennials|last=Inc.|first=Gallup,|website=Gallup.com|access-date=28 February 2016}}</ref> Eventbrite<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://eventbrite-s3.s3.amazonaws.com/marketing/Millennials_Research/Gen_PR_Final.pdf|title=Millennials: Fueling the Experience Economy|date=2014|website=eventbrite-s3.s3.amazonaws.com|publisher=Eventbrite|access-date=October 24, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.eventbrite.com/blog/ds00-attract-millennials-art-events/|title=The Art of Attracting a Millennial Arts Audience – Eventbrite US Blog|date=2016-05-02|work=Eventbrite US Blog|newspaper=Eventbrite US Blog|language=en-US|access-date=2016-10-24}}More than one of <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#x7C;work=</code> dan <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#x7C;newspaper=</code> specified ([[Bantuan:CS1 errors#redundant parameters|bantuan]]) CS1 maint: Unrecognized language ([[:Kategori:CS1 maint: Unrecognized language|link]])
</ref> dan [[Dale Carnegie|Dale Carnegie Training and MSW Research]]<ref name="alecarnegie">{{Cite journal|date=2015|title=Igniting Millennial Engagement: Supervising Similarities, Distinctions, and Realities|url=http://www.dalecarnegie.com/assets/1/7/Engage_millennials_wp_031815.pdf|journal=Dale Carnegie Training|access-date=9 November 2015|archive-date=2015-11-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117015418/http://www.dalecarnegie.com/assets/1/7/Engage_millennials_wp_031815.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref> semuanya menggunakan tahun 1980–1996. [[Ernst & Young|Ernst and Young]] menggunakan tahun 1981–1996.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ey.com/Publication/vwLUAssets/EY-americas-retail-report-june-2015/$FILE/EY-americas-retail-report-june-2015.pdf|title=Americas retail report: Redefining loyalty for retail|date=June 2015|website=www.ey.com|publisher=EY|access-date=October 24, 2015}}</ref> [[ManpowerGroup|Manpower Group]] menggunakan tahun 1982–1996.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.manpowergroup.com/wps/wcm/connect/660ebf65-144c-489e-975c-9f838294c237/MillennialsPaper1_2020Vision_lo.pdf?MOD=AJPERES|title=Millennial Careers:2020 Vision|date=2016|website=www.manpowergroup.com|publisher=Manpower Group|access-date=October 30, 2016}}</ref>
 
Beberapa pihak lainnya menggunakan patokan batas akhir Milenial adalah kelahiran akhir tahun 1990-an atau awal tahun 2000-an. Sebuah viral video pada tahun 2017 dari BuzzFeed, menggambarkan tujuh generasi yang hidup di Amerika, di sana generasi Milenial didefinisikan sebagai orang yang lahir di antara tahun 1981–1997.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.avclub.com/article/heres-everything-you-need-know-about-7-living-amer-253319|title=Here’s everything you need to know about the 7 living American generations|date=6 April 2017}}</ref> Pada acara televisi Amerika ''Survivor'' sesi ke-33 yang berjudul ''Millennials vs. Gen X'', kelompok Milenial didefinisikan sebagai orang yang lahir di antara tahun 1984 and 1997.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ew.com/recap/survivor-millennials-gen-x-season-33-premiere|title=''Survivor: Millennials vs. Gen X'' premiere recap: 'May the Best Generation Win'|last=Ross|first=Dalton|date=September 22, 2016|website=Entertainment Weekly's EW.com|publisher=Time Warner, Inc.|access-date=December 17, 2016}}</ref> [[Goldman Sachs]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.goldmansachs.com/our-thinking/pages/millennials/|title=Millennials Coming of Age|date=2016|publisher=Goldman Sachs|access-date=15 August 2016}}</ref> Resolution Foundation,<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/business-36821582|title=Millennials 'set to earn less than Generation X'|date=18 July 2016|publisher=BBC|access-date=11 October 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.resolutionfoundation.org/media/press-releases/millennials-facing-generational-pay-penalty-as-their-earnings-fall-8000-behind-during-their-20s/|title=Millennials facing ‘generational pay penalty’ as their earnings fall £8,000 behind during their 20s|date=18 July 2016|publisher=Resolution Foundation|access-date=11 October 2016}}</ref> dan sebuah [[wiktionary:cover story|cerita utama]] <ref name="TimeMagazine">{{Cite web|url=http://time.com/247/millennials-the-me-me-me-generation/|title=The Me Me Me Generation|last=Stein|first=Joel|date=20 May 2013|website=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|page=30|access-date=8 May 2014}}</ref> di majalah Time semuanya menggunakan tahun 1980–2000. SYZYGY, sebuah agen iklan digital yang dimiliki sebagian oleh WPP menggunakan tahun 1981–1998,<ref name="prnews">{{Cite news|url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/technology-driven-millennials-remain-narcissistic-as-they-age-300348086.html|title=Technology-Driven Millennials Remain Narcissistic as They Age|date=20 October 2016|publisher=PR Newswire|access-date=24 October 2016}}</ref><ref name="syzygy">{{Cite news|url=https://syzygyny.app.box.com/s/ipepbbhydi1pev18qcow5k50tt3bq0k5|title=EGOTECH|date=October 2016|publisher=SYZYGY|access-date=24 October 2016}}</ref> dan lembaga [[Biro Sensus Amerika Serikat|United States Census Bureau]] menggunakan tahun 1982–2000.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.census.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2015/cb15-113.html|title=Millennials Outnumber Baby Boomers and Are Far More Diverse|last=Bureau|first=US Census}}</ref> Pew Research Center mendefinisikan Milenial sebagai orang yang lahir mulai dari tahun 1981, tanpa penentuan batas akhirnya.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/04/25/millennials-overtake-baby-boomers/|title=Millennials overtake Baby Boomers as America’s largest generation|date=25 April 2016|publisher=Pew Research|access-date=4 May 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/05/16/millennials-match-baby-boomers-as-largest-generation-in-u-s-electorate-but-will-they-vote/|title=Millennials match Baby Boomers as largest generation in U.S. electorate, but will they vote?|date=16 May 2016|website=Pew Research Center|access-date=6 June 2016}}</ref>
Baris 50:
Karena adanya tumpang tindih penentuan definisi Gen-X dan Milenial, orang orang yang lahir di antara akhir tahun 1970-an dan awal 1980-an, merasa berada di antara dua generasi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2015/05/05/five-really-good-reasons-to-hate-millennials/|title=Five really good reasons to hate millennials|last=Ingraham|first=Christopher|date=5 May 2015|website=www.washingtonpost.com|access-date=28 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.apexpr.com/x-y-view-cusp/|title=X or Y: A View from the Cusp|last=Mukherji|first=Rohini|date=29 July 2014|website=www.apexpr.com|access-date=28 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.buzzfeed.com/leonoraepstein/signs-youre-stuck-between-gen-x-and-millennials#.vvoldWAxb|title=22 Signs You’re Stuck Between Gen X And Millennials|last=Epstein|first=Leonora|date=17 July 2013|website=www.buzzfeed.com|access-date=28 March 2016}}</ref><ref name="Huffington1">{{Cite news|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/anna-garvey/the-biggest-and-best-difference-between-millennials_b_7438370.html|title=The Biggest (And Best) Difference Between Millennial and My Generation|last=Garvey|first=Ana|date=5 May 2015|work=Huffington Post|newspaper=Huffington Post|access-date=28 March 2016}}More than one of <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#x7C;work=</code> dan <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#x7C;newspaper=</code> specified ([[Bantuan:CS1 errors#redundant parameters|bantuan]])
</ref> Ada beberapa nama yang diberikan ke kelompok ini seperti Xennials, The Lucky Ones, Generation Catalano, dan Oregon Trail Generation.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sheknows.com/living/articles/1105987/stuck-between-gen-x-millennials|title=3 Signs you're stuck between Gen X & Millennials|last=Fogarty|first=Lisa|date=7 January 2016|website=www.sheknows.com|access-date=28 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.slate.com/articles/life/culturebox/2011/10/generation_catalano_the_generation_stuck_between_gen_x_and_the_m.html|title=Generation Catalano|last=Shafrir|first=Doree|date=28 March 2016|work=Slate|newspaper=Slate|access-date=26 June 2014}}More than one of <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#x7C;work=</code> dan <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#x7C;newspaper=</code> specified ([[Bantuan:CS1 errors#redundant parameters|bantuan]])
</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://magazine.good.is/articles/generation-xennials|title=Reasonable People Disagree about the Post-Gen X, Pre-Millennial Generation|last=Stankorb|first=Sarah|date=25 September 2014|work=Huffington Post|newspaper=Huffington Post|access-date=28 March 2016|archive-date=2016-01-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160114145050/https://magazine.good.is/articles/generation-xennials|dead-url=yes}}More than one of <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#x7C;work=</code> dan <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#x7C;newspaper=</code> specified ([[Bantuan:CS1 errors#redundant parameters|bantuan]])</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.popsugar.com/tech/How-Technology-Influenced-Generation-X-37522155|title=Why '80s Babies Are Different Than Other Millennials|last=Garvey|first=Anna}}</ref>
</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.popsugar.com/tech/How-Technology-Influenced-Generation-X-37522155|title=Why '80s Babies Are Different Than Other Millennials|last=Garvey|first=Anna}}</ref>
 
Penulis William Strauss dan Neil Howe percaya bahwa setiap generasi mempunyai karakteristik umum yang akan menjadi karakter generasi itu dengan empat pola yang berulang. Menurut hipotesis mereka, Milenial akan mirip dengan G.I. Generation yang lebih berwawasan sipil dengan empati yang kuat terhadap komunitas lokal dan global. Strauss dan Howe menjelaskan ada tujuh karakter Milenial yaitu : spesial, terlindungi, percaya diri, berwawasan kelompok, konvensional, tahan tekanan dan mengejar pencapaian. Arthur E. Levine, penulis ''When Hope and Fear Collide: A Portrait of Today's College Student'' menyebut generasi ini sebagai 'pada umumnya'.