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[[Berkas:Optical microscope nikon alphaphot.jpg|jmpl|Bagian-bagian dari mikroskop cahaya: 1. lensa okuler, 2. revolver, 3. lensa objektif, 4. pengatur fokus makro (kasar), 5. pengatur fokus mikro (halus), 6. papan letak objek/sampel/preparat yang dilihat, 7. sumber cahaya (untuk mikroskop konvensional masih menggunakan cermin untuk memantulkan cahaya matahari), 8. kondensor cahaya, 9. penjepit sampel]]
 
Baris 16 ⟶ 15:
Mikroskop majemuk menggunakan sebuah lensa di dekat objek ([[lensa objektif]]) untuk memfokuskan [[bayangan nyata]] dari objek di dalam mikroskop (lihat gambar). Bayangan objek kemudian diperbesar menggunakan satu atau beberapa lensa lainnya di dekat pengamat ([[lensa objektif]]) yang memberikan bayangan diperbesar kepada pengamat. Bayangan yang dihasilkan oleh miskroskop majemuk bersifat nyata, terbaik, dan diperbesar.<ref name=Watt>{{cite book|author=Ian M. Watt|title=The Principles and Practice of Electron Microscopy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y6-sE4gUX-QC&pg=PA6|year=1997|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-43591-8|page=6}}</ref> Penggunaan kombinasi lensa objektif dan okuler menghasilkan bayangan yang lebih besar. Lensa pada mikroskop majemuk juga seringkali dapat diganti untuk mendapatkan perbesaran yang diinginkan.<ref name=Watt/>
 
<!--===Varian mikroskop lainnya===
Terdapat banyak varian mikroskop majemuk yang dibedakan berdasarkan fungsinya. Beberapa varian memiliki bentuk fisik yang berbeda untuk digunakan pada fungsi-fungsi tertentu, antara lain:
 
* [[Mikroskop stereo]], sebuah mikroskop bertenaga rendah yang digunakan untuk mengamati objek berukuran relatif besar secara tiga dimensi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Stereo Microscope – Boeco BTB-3A – UPT Lab Dasar dan Terpadu|url=http://upt-ldt.unja.ac.id/index.php/stereo-microscope-boeco-btb-3a/|language=id-ID|access-date=2020-11-20}}</ref>
* [[Mikroskop stereo]], a low-powered microscope which provides a stereoscopic view of the sample, commonly used for dissection.
*[[Mikroskop pembanding]], dua mikroskop yang disambungkan dengan sebuah jembatan optik untuk membandingkan dua objek yang berbeda secara bersamaan. Bayangan yang dihasilkan oleh mikroskop akan bersandingan.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Tilstone|first=William J.|last2=Savage|first2=Kathleen A.|last3=Clark|first3=Leigh A.|date=2007-02-01|title=Forensic science: an encyclopedia of history, methods, and techniques|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/choice.44-3054|journal=Choice Reviews Online|volume=44|issue=06|pages=104|doi=10.5860/choice.44-3054|issn=0009-4978}}</ref>
* [[Comparison microscope]], which has two separate light paths allowing direct comparison of two samples via one image in each eye.
* [[Inverted microscope]], for studying samples from below; useful for cell cultures in liquid, or for metallography.
* Fiber optic connector inspection microscope, designed for connector end-face inspection
* [[Traveling microscope]], for studying samples of high [[optical resolution]].
 
Beberapa varian mikroskop lainnya dirancang untuk menghasilkan teknik pencahayaan yang berbeda, antara lain:
Other microscope variants are designed for different illumination techniques:
 
* [[Petrographic microscope]], whose design usually includes a polarizing filter, rotating stage and gypsum plate to facilitate the study of minerals or other crystalline materials whose optical properties can vary with orientation.
* [[Mikroskop Petrografi|Mikroskop petrografi]], mikroskop yang dirancang untuk menggunakan filer polarisasi, meja gipsum, dan bagian yang dapat diputar supaya dapat digunakan untuk mengamati mineral atau material lain yang sifat optiknya tergantung pada orientasi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Optical Microscopy|url=https://www.usgs.gov/labs/dml/capabilities/optical-microscopy-0?qt-capabilities_objects=0#qt-capabilities_objects|website=www.usgs.gov|access-date=2020-11-20}}</ref>
* [[Polarizing microscope]], similar to the petrographic microscope.
 
* [[Phase-contrast microscope]], which applies the phase contrast illumination method.
* [[Mikroskop polarisasi]], mirip seperti mikroskop petrografi.
* [[Epifluorescence microscope]], designed for analysis of samples which include fluorophores.
* StudentMikroskop microscopesiswa, –sebuah anmikroskop oftenyang low-powermemiliki microscopeinstrumen withsederhana simplifieddan controlskualitas andoptik sometimesrendah lowyang qualitybiasa opticsdigunakan designedoleh forsiswa schooltingkat use or as a starter instrument for childrensekolah.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.well.ox.ac.uk/_asset/file/buying-a-cheap-microscope-for-home.pdf|title=Buying a cheap microscope for home use|access-date=5 November 2015|publisher=Oxford University.|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305042314/http://www.well.ox.ac.uk/_asset/file/buying-a-cheap-microscope-for-home.pdf|archivedate=5 March 2016}}</ref>▼
* [[Confocal microscope]], a widely used variant of epifluorescent illumination which uses a scanning laser to illuminate a sample for fluorescence.
*[[Two-photon excitation microscopy|Two-photon microscope]], used to image fluorescence deeper in scattering media and reduce photobleaching, especially in living samples.
▲* Student microscope – an often low-power microscope with simplified controls and sometimes low quality optics designed for school use or as a starter instrument for children.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.well.ox.ac.uk/_asset/file/buying-a-cheap-microscope-for-home.pdf|title=Buying a cheap microscope for home use|access-date=5 November 2015|publisher=Oxford University.|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305042314/http://www.well.ox.ac.uk/_asset/file/buying-a-cheap-microscope-for-home.pdf|archivedate=5 March 2016}}</ref>
* [[Ultramicroscope]], an adapted light microscope that uses [[light scattering]] to allow viewing of tiny particles whose diameter is below or near the wavelength of visible light (around 500 nanometers); mostly obsolete since the advent of [[electron microscope]]s
*[[Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy|Tip-enhanced Raman microscope]], is a variant of optical microscope based on [[tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy]], without traditional wavelength-based resolution limits.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Kumar|first=Naresh|last2=Weckhuysen|first2=Bert M.|last3=Wain|first3=Andrew J.|last4=Pollard|first4=Andrew J.|date=April 2019|title=Nanoscale chemical imaging using tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy|journal=Nature Protocols|volume=14|issue=4|pages=1169–1193|doi=10.1038/s41596-019-0132-z|pmid=30911174|issn=1750-2799|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Lee|first=Joonhee|last2=Crampton|first2=Kevin T.|last3=Tallarida|first3=Nicholas|last4=Apkarian|first4=V. Ara|date=April 2019|title=Visualizing vibrational normal modes of a single molecule with atomically confined light|journal=Nature|volume=568|issue=7750|pages=78–82|doi=10.1038/s41586-019-1059-9|pmid=30944493|issn=1476-4687}}</ref> This microscope primarily realized on the [[Scanning probe microscopy|scanning-probe microscope]] platforms using all optical tools.-->
 
== Jenis lensa ==
Baris 43 ⟶ 35:
 
Sistem lensa yang ketiga adalah kondensor. Kondensor berperan untuk menerangi objek dan lensa-lensa mikroskop yang lain.
 
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== Cara kerja ==
Diperoleh dari "https://wiki-indonesia.club/wiki/Mikroskop_cahaya"