Sosialisme: Perbedaan antara revisi

[[Blanquisme]] merujuk pada konsepsi revolusi yang umumnya dikaitkan dengan [[Louis Auguste Blanqui]] yang menyatakan bahwa revolusi sosial harus dilakukan oleh kelompok yang relatif kecil yang terdiri dari konspirator yang sangat terorganisir dan tertutup.<ref>[http://www.wisdomsupreme.com/dictionary/blanquism.php WisdomSupreme.com definition of Blanquism], last retrieved 25 April 2007</ref> Setelah merebut kekuasaan, kaum revolusioner kemudian akan menggunakan kekuatan negara untuk memperkenalkan sosialisme. Ini dianggap sebagai semacam "putschisme" tertentu, yakni pandangan bahwa revolusi politik harus dilaksanakan dalam bentuk ''[[putsch]]'' atau ''kudeta''.<ref>[http://www.newyouth.com/archives/theory/glossary/b.html#Blanquism NewYouth.com entry for Blanquism] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080821163359/http://www.newyouth.com/archives/theory/glossary/b.html#Blanquism |date=2008-08-21 }}, last retrieved 25 April 2007</ref> [[Rosa Luxemburg]] dan [[Eduard Bernstein]]<ref name="bern">{{cite web |author=Lenin |url=http://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1917/staterev/ch06.htm#s2 |title=The State and Revolution |year=1917}}</ref> mengkritik [[Vladimir Lenin]] karena konsepsi revolusinya yang elitis dan pada dasarnya Blanquis.<ref>[[Rosa Luxemburg]] as part of a longer section on Blanquism in her "Organizational Questions of Russian Social Democracy" (later published as "Leninism or Marxism?"), writes: "For Lenin, the difference between the [[Social democracy]] and Blanquism is reduced to the observation that in place of a handful of conspirators we have a class-conscious proletariat. He forgets that this difference implies a complete revision of our ideas on organisation and, therefore, an entirely different conception of centralism and the relations existing between the party and the struggle itself. Blanquism did not count on the [[direct action]] of the working class. It, therefore, did not need to organise the people for the revolution. The people were expected to play their part only at the moment of revolution. Preparation for the revolution concerned only the little group of revolutionists armed for the coup. Indeed, to assure the success of the revolutionary conspiracy, it was considered wiser to keep the mass at some distance from the conspirators.Rosa Luxemburg, [http://www.marx.org/archive/luxemburg/1904/questions-rsd/ch01.htm ''Leninism or Marxism?''], [http://www.marx.org Marx.org], last retrieved 25 April 2007</ref> [[Marxisme–Leninisme]] adalah ideologi politik yang menggabungkan [[Marxisme]] (konsep [[Sosialisme ilmiah|sosialis ilmiah]] yang diteorikan oleh [[Karl Marx]] dan [[Friedrich Engels]]) dan [[Leninisme]] (ekspansi teoretis Marxisme yang mencakup [[anti-imperialisme]], [[sentralisme demokratik]] dan [[Vanguardisme#Partai politik|prinsip pembangunan partai]]).<ref>''Marxism–Leninism''. The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition. Houghton Mifflin Company.</ref> Marxisme-Leninisme adalah ideologi resmi [[Partai Komunis Uni Soviet]] dan [[Komunis Internasional]] (1919-1943) dan kemudian menjadi ideologi panduan utama bagi kaum [[Trotskyisme|Trotskyis]], [[Maoisme|Maois]] dan [[Stalinisme|Stalinis]].