Ketuanan Melayu: Perbedaan antara revisi

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Baris 217:
Lim Kit Siang mengaitkan kekalahan oposisi dengan liberalisme Mahathir dan adopsi pemerintah atas sikap DAP pada masalah-masalah seperti bahasa, budaya dan pendidikan. Namun, beberapa meragukan ketulusan Mahathir. Seorang pejabat Pemuda UMNO mengemukakan bahwa "Langkah fleksibel pemerintah Barisan ... hanya menunjukkan bahwa kami menikmati tingkat toleransi tertinggi semata-mata berdasarkan tingkat kepercayaan dalam hal posisi politik dan ekonomi orang Melayu. Kami berbagi kekuatan politik dengan orang Tionghoa. Ketika mereka perlu meningkatkan dukungan politik mereka dari komunitas mereka, sangat penting bagi mereka untuk melayani kepentingan utama orang Tionghoa. Jadi, mengapa kita tidak mengizinkannya? Kita dapat ... mencapai situasi win-win Ini murni gerakan politik .... Begitu pula kita Pemuda UMNO harus sering dilihat sebagai kelompok politik yang sangat rasial yang memperjuangkan kepentingan Melayu .... Namun demikian, itu adalah agenda-agenda yang sudah kita lakukan, seperti Islam, [[bahasa Melayu]], dan status khusus orang Melayu, tidak boleh dipertanyakan dalam keadaan apa pun karena ini adalah masalah yang sangat sensitif.<ref>Hwang, pp. 209, 258.</ref>
 
== Pemerintahan Abdullah ==
In the latter part of the 1990s, government policies were loosened to combat the [[Asian economic crisis]] by encouraging foreign investment. In 1999, a new opposition party supported by Mahathir's former deputy, [[Anwar Ibrahim]] (who had been jailed for [[sodomy]] after his controversial sacking) led to a revival of the "13 May" warnings. However, the government maintained its Parliamentary majority.<ref>
[[File:Abdullah badawi.jpg|frame|After [[Abdullah Ahmad Badawi]] succeeded Mahathir as the Prime Minister of Malaysia, ''Ketuanan Melayu'' was introduced into the national [[secondary school]] [[curriculum]].]]
Kamarudin, Raja Petra. [http://www.freeanwar.net/news/tenth_general_elections.html "An Analysis of Malaysia's 1999 Tenth General Elections"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060907073630/http://www.freeanwar.net/news/tenth_general_elections.html |date=7 September 2006 }} . Retrieved 11 August 2006.
A government-approved [[secondary school]] [[history]] [[textbook]] published in 2004 by [[Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka]], the government-owned publishing company, defined ''ketuanan Melayu'' as:
 
:''Semangat cinta akan apa saja yang berkaitan dengan bangsa Melayu seperti hak [[politics|politik]], [[Malay Language|bahasa]], kebudayaan, warisan, adat istiadat dan [[Malaysia|tanah air]]. Semenanjung Tanah Melayu dianggap sebagai tanah pusaka orang Melayu.''<ref>Adam, Ramlah binti, Samuri, Abdul Hakim bin & Fadzil, Muslimin bin (2004). ''Sejarah Tingkatan 3'', p. 45. Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. {{ISBN|983-62-8285-8}}.</ref>
 
In 2003, the [[United Malays National Organisation]] (UMNO) [[political party]] Youth Information Chief [[Azimi Daim]] stated: "In Malaysia, everybody knows that Malays are the owners of this land [Malay Peninsula] . We rule this country as provided for in the federal constitution. Any one who touches upon Malay affairs or criticizes Malays is [offending] our sensitivities."<ref name="hornets">
Gatsiounis, Ioannis (2 October 2004). [http://atimes.com/atimes/Southeast_Asia/FJ02Ae05.html "Abdullah stirs a hornets' nest"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110804214511/http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Southeast_Asia/FJ02Ae05.html |date=4 August 2011 }}. ''Asia Times''.
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Although its proponents claimed that ''ketuanan Melayu'' was directly derived from Article 153 of the Constitution, the [[Reid Commission]] which drafted the framework for the Constitution had stated that the provisions for Malay privileges were to be temporary in nature, and eventually abolished, citing the only reason for their existence as tradition and economic necessity as a form of [[affirmative action]] for the Malays. Despite this, those who challenge ''ketuanan Melayu'' or "Malay rights" were still often berated, especially by politicians from UMNO.<ref name="ooi"/> Many UMNO politicians continued referring to non-Malays as "orang pendatang" or "[[pendatang asing]]" (foreign immigrants).
 
== Pemerintahan Najib ==