Danau Baikal: Perbedaan antara revisi
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{{Infobox body of water
|
|native_name = {{native name|ru|Oзеро Байкал}}<br />{{native name|bua|Байгал нуур}}<br />{{native name|mn|Байгал нуур}}
|pushpin_map=Russia Buryatia#Russia Irkutsk Oblast#Russia
|image = Baikal.A2001296.0420.250m-NASA.jpg
|caption = Citra satelit danau Baikal, 2001
|image_bathymetry = Karte baikal2.png
|caption_bathymetry =
|location = [[Siberia]], [[Rusia]]
|coords = {{Coord|53|30|N|108|0|E|region:RU-BU_type:waterbody_scale:5000000|display=inline,title}}
|lake_type = [[Danau purba]], [[Danau retakan|danau retakan benua]]
|inflow = [[Selenga]], [[Barguzin (sungai)|Barguzin]], [[Angara Atas]]
|outflow = [[Angara]]
|catchment = {{convert|560000|km2|-3|abbr=on}}
|basin_countries = [[Mongolia]] dan [[Rusia]]
|length = {{convert|636|km|abbr=on}}
|width = {{convert|79|km|abbr=on}}
|area = {{convert|31722|km2|abbr=on}}<ref name="INTAS">{{cite web|url= http://users.ugent.be/~mdbatist/intas/morphometry.htm|title= A new bathymetric map of Lake Baikal. Morphometric Data. INTAS Project 99-1669. Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Consolidated Research Group on Marine Geosciences (CRG-MG), University of Barcelona, Spain; Limnological Institute of the Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russian Federation; State Science Research Navigation-Hydrographic Institute of the Ministry of Defense, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation |publisher= Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium|access-date= 9 July 2009}}</ref>
|depth = {{convert|744.4|m|abbr= on}}<ref name="INTAS"/>
|residence_time = 330 tahun<ref>{{cite web |author= M.A. Grachev |url= http://lin.irk.ru/grachev/eng/introduction.htm |title= On the present state of the ecological system of lake Baikal |publisher= Limnological Institute, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences |access-date= 9 July 2009 |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110820023119/http://lin.irk.ru/grachev/eng/introduction.htm |archive-date= 20 August 2011}}</ref>
|max-depth = {{convert|1642|m|abbr= on}}<ref name="INTAS"/>
|volume = {{convert|23615.39|km3|cumi|-1|abbr= on}}<ref name="INTAS"/>
|shore = {{convert|2100|km|-1|abbr= on}}
|elevation = {{convert|455.5|m|0|abbr=on}}
|islands = 27 ([[Pulau Olkhon]])
|cities = [[Severobaykalsk]], [[Slyudyanka]], [[Baykalsk]], [[Ust-Barguzin]]
|frozen = Januari–Mei
|reference =
|extra =
{{Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site
|child = yes
|ID = 754
|Year = 1996
|Criteria = Alam: vii, viii, ix, x
|Area = 8,800,000 hektar
}}
}}
'''Danau Baikal''' ({{IPAc-en|b|aɪ|ˈ|k|ɑː|l|,_|-|ˈ|k|æ|l}};<ref>[https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/baikal "Baikal"]. ''[[Collins English Dictionary]]''.</ref> {{lang-ru|Oзеро Байкал|Ozero Baykal}} {{IPA-ru|ˈozʲɪrə bɐjˈkaɫ|}}; {{lang-bua|Байгал нуур|Baigal nuur}};<ref>Dervla Murphy (2007) ''Silverland: A Winter Journey Beyond the Urals'', London, John Murray, p. 173</ref> {{lang-mn|Байгал нуур|Baigal nuur}}) adalah sebuah [[danau]] retakan di [[Rusia]] yang terletak di [[Siberia]] selatan, di antara daerah federal [[Oblast Irkutsk]] di barat laut dan [[Buryatia]] di tenggara.
Danau Baikal adalah danau air tawar terbesar di dunia berdasarkan volume. Volume air di danau ini mencapai {{convert|23615.39|km3|cumi|-1|abbr=on}}, atau sekitar 23% dari keseluruhan volume air tawar di permukaan bumi,<ref>{{cite book|author1= Schwarzenbach, Rene P. |author2= Philip M. Gschwend |author3= Dieter M. Imboden | title= Environmental Organic Chemistry | year= 2003 | publisher= Wiley Interscience | edition= 2 | page= 1052 | isbn= 9780471350538}}</ref><ref>{{cite book| authors= Tyus, Harold M. | title= Ecology and Conservation of Fishes | year= 2012 | publisher= CRC Press | page= 116 | isbn= 978-1-4398-9759-1}}</ref><ref name="INTAS" /> jauh lebih banyak dari gabungan volume [[Danau Besar]] di [[Amerika Utara]].<ref>{{cite book|editor-last1= Bright |editor-first1= Michael | others= preface by Koichiro Mastsuura|title= 1001 natural wonders : you must see before you die|date= 2010|publisher= Cassell Illustrated|location= London|isbn= 9781844036745|page= 620|edition= 2009 }}</ref> Danau Baikal memiliki kedalaman maksimum {{convert|1642|m|abbr=on}},<ref name="INTAS"/> dan merupakan danau terdalam,<ref>{{cite web|url= http://geology.com/records/deepest-lake.shtml|title= Deepest Lake in the World|publisher= geology.com |access-date= 18 August 2007}}</ref> serta danau tertua di Bumi,<ref name="touchstone">{{cite web|url= http://marine.usgs.gov/fact-sheets/baikal/|title= Lake Baikal – A Touchstone for Global Change and Rift Studies|publisher= [[United States Geological Survey]]|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120629180319/http://marine.usgs.gov/fact-sheets/baikal/|archive-date= 29 June 2012|access-date= 3 January 2016}}</ref> yang terbentuk sejak 25–30 juta tahun lalu.<ref name="unesco">{{cite web|url= https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/754|title= Lake Baikal – UNESCO World Heritage Centre|access-date= 5 October 2012}}</ref><ref name=ScienceDaily2017>{{cite web|url= https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/07/170726103013.htm|title= Lake Baikal: Protection of a unique ecosystem|website= ScienceDaily|date= 26 July 2017|access-date= 16 January 2018}}</ref> Danau Baikal adalah danau terbesar ketujuh di dunia berdasarkan luas permukaan, dengan luas membentang hingga {{convert|31722|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}, sedikit lebih besar dari [[Belgia]], danau ini juga merupakan salah satu danau dengan air terjernih di dunia.<ref name=Jung2004>{{cite book |title= Ecosystems and Natural Resources of Mountain Regions. Proceedings of the first international symposium on Lake Baikal: The current state of the surface and underground hydrosphere in mountainous areas. "Nauka", Novosibirsk, Russia|authors= Jung, J., Hojnowski, C., Jenkins, H., Ortiz, A., Brinkley, C., Cadish, L., Evans, A., Kissinger, P., Ordal, L., Osipova, S., Smith, A., Vredeveld, B., Hodge, T., Kohler, S., Rodenhouse, N. and Moore, M. |editor1-first= A.I. |editor1-last= Smirnov |editor2-first= L.R. |editor2-last= Izmest'eva |year= 2004 |pages= 131–140 |chapter= Diel vertical migration of zooplankton in Lake Baikal and its relationship to body size |chapter-url= http://www.wellesley.edu/Biology/Faculty/Mmoore/Content/JUNG_et_al_2004.pdf |access-date= 9 August 2009}}</ref>
Danau Baikal menjadi habitat bagi ribuan spesies tumbuhan dan hewan, banyak di antaranya merupakan spesies endemik di wilayah tersebut. Danau ini juga menjadi daerah pemukiman suku Buryat, yang banyak memelihara kambing, unta, sapi, domba, dan kuda<ref name=animal>{{cite book |title= The Other Side of Russia: A Slice of Life in Siberia and the Russian Far East |author= S. Hudgins |year= 2003 |publisher= Texas A&M University Press |url= http://www.tamupress.com/product/Other-Side-of-Russia,4080.aspx |access-date= 9 August 2009}}</ref> di sisi timur danau,<ref>{{cite web |author1= M. Hammer |author2= T. Karafet |title= DNA & the peopling of Siberia |url= http://www.mnh.si.edu/arctic/html/peopling_siberia.html |year= 1995 |publisher= Smithsonian Institution |access-date= 9 August 2009}}</ref> di daerah ini suhu rata-rata bervariasi, dengan suhu terendah saat [[musim dingin]] mencapai {{convert|-19|°C|0}} dan suhu tertinggi {{convert|14|°C|0}} selama [[musim panas]].<ref>{{cite journal |last= Fefelov |first= I. |author2= Tupitsyn, I. |date= August 2004 |title= Waders of the Selenga delta, Lake Baikal, eastern Siberia |journal= Wader Study Group Bulletin |volume= 104 |pages= 66–78 |url= http://sora.unm.edu/sites/default/files/journals/iwsgb/v104/p00066-p00078.pdf |access-date= 9 August 2009}}</ref>
Wilayah di sebelah timur Danau Baikal disebut sebagai Transbaikalia atau [[Transbaikal]],<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Erbajeva|first1=Margarita A.|last2=Khenzykhenova|first2=Fedora I.|last3=Alexeeva|first3=Nadezhda V.|date=2013-01-23|title=Aridization of the Transbaikalia in the context of global events during the Pleistocene and its effect on the evolution of small mammals|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1040618211007166|journal=Quaternary International|series=Quaternary interconnections in Eurasia: focus on Eastern Europe SEQS Conference, Rostov-on-Don, Russia, 21–26 June 2010|language=en|volume=284|pages=45–52|doi=10.1016/j.quaint.2011.12.024|bibcode=2013QuInt.284...45E|issn=1040-6182}}</ref> dan wilayah di sekitar danau itu sendiri kadang-kadang dikenal sebagai Baikalia. [[UNESCO]] menyatakan Danau Baikal sebagai salah satu [[Situs Warisan Dunia]] pada tahun 1996.<ref>
{{cite web|url= https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/754|title= Lake Baikal – World Heritage Site|publisher= World Heritage|access-date=13 January 2007}}
</ref>
== Lihat pula ==
* [[Rusia Timur Jauh]]
* [[Sarma (angin)]]
== Referensi ==
{{reflist}}
== Bacaan lanjutan ==
* Detlev Henschel, ''Kayak Adventure in Siberia: The first solo circumnavigation of Lake Baikal''. Amazon {{ISBN|978-3737561020}}
* [[Colin Thubron]] (2000), ''In Siberia'', {{ISBN|978-0060953737}}, Harper Perennial.
* [[Leonid Borodin]] (1988), ''Year of Miracle And Grief'', Quartet Books {{ISBN?}}
* Martin Cruz Smith (2019), ''Siberian Dilemma'', Simon & Schuster {{ISBN?}}
== Pranala luar ==
{{Sister project links|voy=Lake Baikal}}
*[http://www.lakebaikal.org/ Lake Baikal Information]
*[https://www.theatlantic.com/photo/2019/05/lake-baikal-ice-formations-photos/590374/ Lake Baikal Ice Formations in Photos]
* {{Vimeo|157246628|Lake Baikal}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Kategori:Danau di Rusia|Baikal]]
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