Stres psikologis: Perbedaan antara revisi
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Istilah "eustress" berasal dari akar kata Yunani eu- yang berarti "baik" (seperti dalam "euforia").<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Selye|first=H.|date=1975-10|title=Implications of stress concept|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1059917/|journal=New York State Journal of Medicine|volume=75|issue=12|pages=2139–2145|issn=0028-7628|pmid=1059917}}</ref> Eustress terjadi ketika seseorang melihat stresor sebagai hal yang positif.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Le Fevre|first=Mark|last2=Kolt|first2=Gregory S.|last3=Matheny|first3=Jonathan|date=2006-01-01|title=Eustress, distress and their interpretation in primary and secondary occupational stress management interventions: which way first?|url=https://doi.org/10.1108/02683940610684391|journal=Journal of Managerial Psychology|volume=21|issue=6|pages=547–565|doi=10.1108/02683940610684391|issn=0268-3946}}</ref> "Distress" berasal dari bahasa Latin dis- (seperti dalam "disonansi" atau "ketidaksepakatan").<ref name=":0" /> Kesulitan yang didefinisikan secara medis merupakan ancaman bagi kualitas hidup. Itu terjadi ketika permintaan jauh melebihi kemampuan seseorang.<ref name=":1" /> Stres dapat menyebabkan sakit kepala.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Chen|first=Yaniv|date=2009-12-09|title=Advances in the pathophysiology of tension-type headache: From stress to central sensitization|url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s11916-009-0078-x|journal=Current Pain and Headache Reports|language=en|volume=13|issue=6|pages=484–494|doi=10.1007/s11916-009-0078-x|issn=1534-3081|pmid=19889292|s2cid=36447117}}</ref>
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== Pengukuran ==
Manusia modern mungkin mencoba menilai "tingkat stres" mereka sendiri; pihak ketiga (terkadang dokter) juga dapat memberikan evaluasi kualitatif. Pendekatan kuantitatif memberikan hasil yang mungkin berkorelasi dengan stres psikologis yang dirasakan termasuk pengujian untuk satu atau lebih dari beberapa [[hormon stres]],<ref>{{Cite book|last=Lundberg|first=Ulf|date=2010|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EXVlk8pnEKIC|title=The Handbook of Stress Science: Biology, Psychology, and Health|location=New York|publisher=Springer Publishing Company|isbn=978-0-8261-1771-7|editor-last=Contrada|editor-first=Richard|pages=531|language=en|chapter=Neuroendocrine Measures|quote=[...] epinephrine, norepinephrine, and cortisol are considered the most important 'stress hormones,' although a number of other hormones are also influenced by stress [...].|access-date=2021-03-22|editor-last2=Baum|editor-first2=Andrew|url-status=live}}</ref> untuk respon kardiovaskular,<ref>{{Cite book|last=Krantz|first=David S.|last2=Falconer|first2=Jennifer F.|last3=Gordon|first3=Lynn Underwood|date=1997|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Xy_r37l0qzIC|title=Measuring Stress: A Guide for Health and Social Scientists|location=New York|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-512120-9|editor-last=Cohen|editor-first=Sheldon|editor-link=Sheldon Cohen|edition=revised|series=A project of the Fetzer Institute|publication-date=1997|pages=193–212|language=en|chapter=Measurement of cardiovascular responses|access-date=2021-03-22|editor-last2=Kessler|editor-first2=Ronald C.|editor-link2=Ronald C. Kessler|editor-last3=Underwood Gordon|editor-first3=Lynn|url-status=live}}</ref> atau untuk respon imun.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Kiecolt-Glaser|first=Janice|last2=Glaser|first2=Ronald|date=1997|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Xy_r37l0qzIC|title=Measuring Stress: A Guide for Health and Social Scientists|location=New York|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-512120-9|editor-last=Cohen|editor-first=Sheldon|editor-link=Sheldon Cohen|series=A project of the Fetzer Institute|publication-date=1997|pages=213–230|language=en|chapter=Measurement of immune response|author-link=Janice Kiecolt-Glaser|access-date=2021-03-22|editor-last2=Kessler|editor-first2=Ronald C.|editor-link2=Ronald C. Kessler|editor-last3=Underwood Gordon|editor-first3=Lynn|url-status=live}}</ref>
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{{redirects|Stress Relief|The Office episode|Stress Relief (The Office)}}
{{redirects|Stress Reliever|the track|R.E.D. (Ne-Yo album)}}
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[[Biofeedback]] juga dapat berperan dalam manajemen stres. Sebuah studi acak oleh Sutarto et al. menilai efek biofeedback pernapasan resonan (mengenali dan mengontrol variabilitas denyut jantung tak sadar) di antara operator manufaktur; depresi, kecemasan dan stres menurun secara signifikan.<ref name="Sutarto2012">{{cite journal |doi=10.1080/10803548.2012.11076959 |pmid=23294659 |title=Resonant Breathing Biofeedback Training for Stress Reduction Among Manufacturing Operators |journal=International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics |volume=18 |issue=4 |pages=549–61 |year=2015 |last1=Purwandini Sutarto |first1=Auditya |last2=Abdul Wahab |first2=Muhammad Nubli |last3=Mat Zin |first3=Nora |doi-access=free }}{{Primary source inline|date=January 2013}}</ref>
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=== Berolahraga untuk mengurangi stres ===
Studies have shown that exercise reduces stress.<ref name=":0">Anxiety and Depression Association of America. (n.d.). Exercise for Stress and Anxiety. Retrieved from https://adaa.org/living-with-anxiety/managing-anxiety/exercise-stress-and-anxiety</ref> Exercise effectively reduces fatigue, improves sleep, enhances overall cognitive function such as alertness and concentration, decreases overall levels of tension, and improves self-esteem.<ref name=":0" /> Because many of these are depleted when an individual experiences chronic stress, exercise provides an ideal coping mechanism. Despite popular belief, it is not necessary for exercise to be routine or intense in order to reduce stress; as little as five minutes of aerobic exercise can begin to stimulate anti-anxiety effects.<ref name=":0" /> Further, a 10-minute walk may have the same psychological benefits as a 45-minute workout, reinforcing the assertion that exercise in any amount or intensity will reduce stress.<ref name=":0" />
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== Sejarah ==
Sebelum pengenalan konsep "stres" dalam pengertian psikologis c. 1955,<ref>"stres". [[Oxford English Dictionary]] (edisi ke-2). [[Oxford University Press]]. 1989. - "1955 H. Basowitz et al. Anxiety & Stress i. 7 Anxiety has been defined in terms of an affective response; stress is the stimulus condition likely to arouse such response."</ref><ref>Douglas, Harper. "[https://www.etymonline.com/word/stress stres]".''[[Online Etymology Dictionary]]''. Diakses tanggal 2021-03-22. - "stress (n.) [...] The purely psychological sense is attested from 1955."</ref> orang telah mengidentifikasi berbagai ide yang lebih bernuansa untuk menggambarkan dan menghadapi [[emosi]] seperti [[kekhawatiran]], [[kesedihan]], perhatian,<ref>{{Cite book|last=Linn|first=Margaret W.|date=1986|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BJYiAwAAQBAJ|title=Stress, Social Support, And Women|location=Abingdon|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-317-77060-2|editor-last=Hobfoll|editor-first=Stevan E.|series=Clinical and Community Psychology|publication-date=2014|pages=233|language=en|chapter=Elderly Women's Health and Psychological Adjustment: Life Stressors and Social Support|quote=Although the SRRS identified women with high and low stress, it also appeared limited in covering certain areas of stress currently felt by these women. For example, worry and concern about events that have not happened, or in some cases did happen but were not included on the scale, were common.|access-date=2021-03-22|url-status=live}}</ref> [[obsesi]], [[ketakutan]], [[kejengkelan]], [[kegelisahan]], [[kesusahan]], [[penderitaan]] dan [[semangat]].<ref>Setelah diakui secara luas, "passion" tampaknya berkurang ketika konsep "stres" menjadi populer. Lihat [https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=passion%2Cstress&year_start=1750&year_end=2019&corpus=26&smoothing=3&direct_url=t1%3B%2Cpassion%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Cstress%3B%2Cc0 penggunaan Ngram untuk dua istilah].</ref> "Stres" kemudian menjadi andalan dalam [[Psikologi popular|psikologi pop]].<ref>Sebagai contoh: {{Cite book|last=Carr|first=Alan|date=2012|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u4aDPdw0Fi4C|title=Clinical Psychology: An Introduction|location=London|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-415-68397-5|pages=22|language=en|quote=This stress-induced focus on the self is compounded by exposure to 'pop-psychology' advice to use selffocused stress management techniques during interviews.|access-date=2021-03-21|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Cohen|first=Lisa J.|date=2011-01-01|url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=7MYDiuupuhYC&redir_esc=y|title=The Handy Psychology Answer Book|location=Detroit|publisher=Visible Ink Press|isbn=978-1-57859-354-5|pages=401|language=en|quote=Popular or ''pop psychology'' is aimed at a popular audience and communicated through the mass media. It addresses topics related to psychology—such as romantic relationships, stress management, child rearing, and sexuality [...]|access-date=2021-03-22|url-status=live}}</ref>-->
== Referensi ==▼
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== Lihat juga ==
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[[Kategori:Psikologi]]
[[Kategori:Stres]]
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