Pupuk: Perbedaan antara revisi

Pembilasan pupuk nitrogen dari kawasan pertanian mampu mencemari air tanah.<ref>{{cite web |author=C. J. Rosen and B. P. Horgan |url=http://www.extension.umn.edu/distribution/horticulture/DG2923.html |title=Preventing Pollution Problems from Lawn and Garden Fertilizers |publisher=Extension.umn.edu |date=2009-01-09 |accessdate=2010-08-25 |archive-date=2010-10-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007123519/http://www.extension.umn.edu/distribution/horticulture/dg2923.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V94-3VW172B-1&_user=10&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=a887208bd6509db7ab1557a4fc43c5fa |title=Journal of Contaminant Hydrology - Fertilizer-N use efficiency and nitrate pollution of groundwater in developing countries |publisher=ScienceDirect.com |date= |accessdate=2012-06-17 }}{{Pranala mati|date=September 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nofa.org/tnf/nitrogen.php |title=NOFA Interstate Council: The Natural Farmer. Ecologically Sound Nitrogen Management. Mark Schonbeck |publisher=Nofa.org |date=2004-02-25 |accessdate=2010-08-25 |archive-date=2004-03-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040324090920/http://www.nofa.org/tnf/nitrogen.php |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Penggunaan [[amonium nitrat]] anorganik secara umum bersifat membahayakan air tanah karena tanaman lebih mudah menyerap ion amonium dibandingkan ion nitrat untuk mendapatkan nitrogen, sehingga ion nitrat yang berlebih tersebut akan terbilas dan mencemari air tanah.<ref>[http://arjournals.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.arplant.59.032607.092932 Roots, Nitrogen Transformations, and Jillesha Services] Annual Review of Plant Biology Vol. 59: 341–363</ref> Kadar nitrat di atas 10 miligram per liter (10 [[bagian per juta|ppm]]) pada air tanah mampu menyebabkan [[sindrom bayi biru]].<ref>{{cite web |author=Lynda Knobeloch, Barbara Salna, Adam Hogan, Jeffrey Postle, and Henry Anderson |url=http://www.ehponline.org/docs/2000/108p675-678knobeloch/abstract.html |title=Blue Babies and Nitrate-Contaminated Well Water |publisher=Ehponline.org |date= |accessdate=2010-08-25 |archive-date=2009-05-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090515011752/http://www.ehponline.org/docs/2000/108p675-678knobeloch/abstract.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref>

Amonia diproduksi dengan memanfaatkan gas alam dalam jumlah besar dengan kebutuhan energi yang tinggi pula untuk meningkatkan tekanan dan temperatur dalam prosesnya. Biaya pembelian gas alam memakan biaya produksi amonia sebesar 90%.<ref name="Sawyer2001">{{cite journal |author=Sawyer JE |title=Natural gas prices affect nitrogen fertilizer costs |journal=IC-486 |volume=1 |page=8 |year=2001 |url=http://www.ipm.iastate.edu/ipm/icm/2001/1-29-2001/natgasfert.html}}</ref> Peningkatan harga gas alam tidak terlepas dari peningkatan permintaan komoditas ini untuk memproduksi pupuk sehingga ikut meningkatkan harga pupuk.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ers.usda.gov/Data/FertilizerUse/|title=Table 8—Fertilizer price indexes, 1960–2007.|access-date=2013-12-10|archive-date=2010-03-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100306075446/http://www.ers.usda.gov/Data/FertilizerUse/|dead-url=yes}}</ref>