Varian SARS-CoV-2: Perbedaan antara revisi

[[Garis keturunan B.1.1.7]]<ref>{{cite report |author1=Rambaut, Andrew |author2=Loman, Nick |author3=Pybus, Oliver |author4=Barclay, Wendy |author5=Barrett, Jeff |author6=Carabelli, Alesandro |author7=Connor, Tom |author8=Peacock, Tom |author9=L. Robertson, David |author10=Vol, Erik |year=2020 |title=Preliminary genomic characterisation of an emergent SARS-CoV-2 lineage in the UK defined by a novel set of spike mutations |publisher=Written on behalf of COVID-19 Genomics Consortium UK |url=https://virological.org/t/preliminary-genomic-characterisation-of-an-emergent-sars-cov-2-lineage-in-the-uk-defined-by-a-novel-set-of-spike-mutations/563 |access-date=20 Desember 2020}}</ref>, disebut juga 20I/501Y.V1 atau Variant of Concern 202012/01 (VOC-202012/01),<ref name="Chand2020">{{cite report |last1=Chand |first1=Meera |last2=Hopkins |first2=Susan |last3=Dabrera |first3=Gavin |last4=Achison |first4=Christina |last5=Barclay |first5=Wendy |last6=Ferguson |first6=Neil |last7=Volz |first7=Erik |last8=Loman |first8=Nick |last9=Rambaut |first9=Andrew |last10=Barrett |first10=Jeff |date=21 Desember 2020 |title=Investigation of novel SARS-COV-2 variant: Variant of Concern 202012/01 |publisher=[[Public Health England]] |url=https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/947048/Technical_Briefing_VOC_SH_NJL2_SH2.pdf |access-date=23 Desember 2020}}</ref> sebelumnya dikenal sebagai Variant Under Investigation pertama pada Desember 2020 (VUI-202012/01), pertama kali terdeteksi pada Oktober 2020 selama [[pandemi COVID-19 di Britania Raya]] dari sampel yang diambil bulan sebelumnya.<ref name="CDC">{{cite web |url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/more/science-and-research/scientific-brief-emerging-variants.html |author=CDC |title=Emerging SARS-CoV-2 Variants |publisher=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |language=en-us |access-date=4 Januari 2021}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> Sejak itu, prevalensinya menjadi dua kali lipat setiap 6,5 hari, perkiraan interval generasinya.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://khub.net/documents/135939561/338928724/New+SARS-COV-2+variant+-+information+and+risk+assessment.pdf/b56d4591-0466-1a18-28dc-010e0fdeef53?t=1608569319930 |title=New evidence on VUI-202012/01 and review of the public health risk assessment |date=15 Desember 2020 |website=khub.net}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G3CT9N89L-c&t=9399 |title=COG-UK Showcase Event - YouTube |publisher=YouTube |access-date=25 Desember 2020}}</ref> Varian ini berkorelasi dengan peningkatan yang signifikan pada tingkat infeksi COVID-19 di Britania Raya. Peningkatan ini diperkirakan setidaknya sebagian karena mutasi [[#N501Y|N501Y]]. Pada tanggal 2 Maret 2021, [[Pandemi COVID-19 di Indonesia|Indonesia]] melaporkan kasus pertamanya untuk varian ini.<ref>{{cite news |title=Dua Kasus Mutasi Corona Asal Inggris Ditemukan di Indonesia |date=2 Maret 2021 |work=CNN Indonesia |url=https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20210302120516-20-612595/dua-kasus-mutasi-corona-asal-inggris-ditemukan-di-indonesia |access-date=2 Maret 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Wamenkes Laporkan 2 Kasus Pertama Mutasi Corona B117 di Indonesia |date=2 Maret 2021 |work=detikHealth |url=https://health.detik.com/berita-detikhealth/d-5477409/wamenkes-laporkan-2-kasus-pertama-mutasi-corona-b117-di-indonesia |access-date=2 Maret 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=Jawahir Gustav Rizal |editor=Sari Hardiyanto |date=2 Maret 2021 |title=Mutasi Virus Corona B.1.1.7 Sudah Masuk Indonesia |work=Kompas.com |url=https://www.kompas.com/tren/read/2021/03/02/131116365/mutasi-virus-corona-b117-sudah-masuk-indonesia-ini-informasi-lengkapnya?page=all |access-date=2 Maret 2021}}</ref>

 

{{utama|501.V2 Variant}}

[[501.V2 Variant|Varian 501.V2]], disebut juga 20H/501Y.V2, VOC-202012/02, atau garis keturunan B.1.351,<ref name="CDC">{{cite web|author=CDC|title=Emerging SARS-CoV-2 Variants|url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/more/science-and-research/scientific-brief-emerging-variants.html|publisher=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|language=en-us|access-date=4 Januari 2021}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> pertama kali terdeteksi di [[Afrika Selatan]] dan dilaporkan oleh departemen kesehatan negara itu pada tanggal 18 Desember 2020.<ref name="b1351nytimes">{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/19/world/south-africa-announces-a-new-coronavirus-variant.html |title=South Africa announces a new coronavirus variant |date=18 Desember 2020 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=20 Desember 2020}}</ref> Peneliti dan pejabat melaporkan bahwa [[prevalensi]] varian tersebut lebih tinggi di antara orang muda tanpa penyebab yang jelas dan, dibandingkan dengan varian lain, varian ini lebih sering mengakibatkan penyakit serius dalam kasus tersebut.<ref name="b1351washingtonpost">{{cite web |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/africa/south-africa-coronavirus-second-wave/2020/12/18/d4a51aec-3ff7-11eb-b58b-1623f6267960_story.html |last1=Wroughton |first1=Lesley |last2=Bearak |first2=Max |date=18 Desember 2020 |title=South Africa coronavirus: Second wave fueled by new strain, teen 'rage festivals' |work=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=20 Desember 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release |last=Mkhize |first=Dr Zwelini |date=18 December 2020 |title=Update on Covid-19 (18th December 2020) |location=South Africa |agency=COVID-19 South African Online Portal |url=https://sacoronavirus.co.za/2020/12/18/update-on-covid-19-18th-december-2020/ |access-date=23 Desember 2020 |quote=Our clinicians have also warned us that things have changed and that younger, previously healthy people are now becoming very sick.}}</ref> Departemen Kesehatan Afrika Selatan juga mengindikasikan bahwa varian tersebut mungkin mendorong gelombang kedua [[Pandemi COVID-19 di Afrika Selatan|pandemi COVID-19]] di negara tersebut karena varian tersebut menyebar lebih cepat daripada varian virus sebelumnya lainnya.<ref name="b1351nytimes" /><ref name="b1351washingtonpost" />