Ras manusia: Perbedaan antara revisi

<ref name="aaa">{{harvnb|AAA|1998}}: ''For example, "Evidence from the analysis of genetics (e.g., DNA) indicates that most physical variation, about 94%, lies within so-called racial groups. Conventional geographic 'racial' groupings differ from one another only in about 6% of their genes. This means that there is greater variation within 'racial' groups than between them."''</ref>

 

 

<ref name="blank">''See:''

* {{cite book|last=Conley|first=D|year=2007|chapter=Being black, living in the red"|editor=PS Rothenberg|title=Race, Class, and Gender in the United States|edition=7th|pages=350–358|location=New York|publisher=Worth Publishers|ref=harv}}

<!--Cravens Hamilton 2010-->

<!--Crenshaw 1988-->

<!--Cooper et al 2003-->

* {{Cite journal | doi = 10.1056/NEJMsb022863 | last1 = Cooper | first1 = RS | last2 = Kaufman | first2 = JS | last3 = Ward | first3 = R | year = 2003 | title = Race and genomics | url = | journal = N Engl J Med | volume = 348 | issue = 12| pages = 1166–1170 | pmid = 12646675 |ref=harv}}

* {{cite web |url=http://raceandgenomics.ssrc.org/Graves/ |title=What We Know and What We Don't Know: Human Genetic Variation and the Social Construction of Race |format= |work= |accessdate=2011-01-22 |last=Graves |first=Joseph L. |year=2006 |publisher=Social Science Research Council (SSRC) |ref=harv }}

<!--Haig et al 2006-->

<!--Harpending et al 2000-->

* {{Cite journal | doi = 10.1146/annurev.genom.1.1.361 | last1 = Harpending | first1 = H | last2 = Rogers | first2 = A | year = 2000 | title = Genetic perspectives on human origins and differentiation | url = | journal = Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet | volume = 1 | issue = | pages = 361–385 | pmid = 11701634 }}

* {{cite journal |last1=Jorde |first1=LB |last2=Wooding |first2=SP |title=Genetic variation, classification and 'race' |journal=Nat. Genet. |volume=36 |issue=11 Suppl |pages=S28–33 |year=2004 |month=November |pmid=15508000 |doi=10.1038/ng1435 |url= |ref=harv}}

<!--Keita SOY Kittles RA 1997-->

<!--Keita SOY et all 2004-->

* {{Cite journal | last1 = Keita | first1 = SOY | last2 = Kittles | first2 = RA | last3 = Royal | first3 = CDM | last4 = Bonney | first4 = GM | last5 = Furbert-Harris | first5 = P | last6 = Dunston | first6 = GM | last7 = Rotimi | first7 = CM | year = 2004 | title = Conceptualizing human variation | url = http://www.nature.com/ng/journal/v36/n11s/full/ng1455.html | journal = Nature Genetics | volume = 36 | issue = S17–S20 | pmid = 15507998 | doi = 10.1038/ng1455 | ref = harv }}

* {{cite book|last=Lie|first=John|title=Modern Peoplehood|url=https://archive.org/details/modernpeoplehood0000liej|location=Cambridge, Mass.|publisher=Harvard University Press|year=2004|isbn=0674013271|ref=harv}}

<!-- Lieberman L 2001-->

<!--Lieberman L; Kirk 1997-->

* {{cite book|last1=Lieberman|first1=Leonard|last2=Kirk|first2=Rodney|chapter=Teaching About Human Variation: An Anthropological Tradition for the Twenty-first Century|editor=Rice, Patricia; Kottak, Conrad Phillip; White, Jane G.; Richard H. Furlow|title=The Teaching of Anthropology: Problems, Issues, and Decisions|url=https://archive.org/details/teachingofanthro0000unse|publisher=Mayfield Pub|location=|year=1997|pages=[https://archive.org/details/teachingofanthro0000unse/page/381 381]|isbn=1-55934-711-2|ref=harv}}

<!-- Lieberman L; Jackson Fatimah LC 1995-->

<!-- Lieberman Let al 1992-->

<!-- Lewontin Richard C 1972-->

* {{Cite journal | last1 = Lewontin | first1 =Richard C. | year = 1972 | title = The Apportionment of Human Diversity | url = | journal = Evolutionary Biology | volume = 6 | issue = | pages = 381–397 |ref=harv}}

<!-- Livingstone Frank B; Dobzhansky Theodosius 1962-->

<!-- Long JC ; Kittles RA 2003-->

* {{Cite journal |last1=Long |first1=JC |last2=Kittles |first2=RA |title=Human genetic diversity and the nonexistence of biological races |journal=Human Biology |volume=75 |issue=4 |pages=449–71 |year=2003 |month=August |pmid=14655871 |doi=10.1353/hub.2003.0058 |url=http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/human_biology/v075/75.4long.pdf |accessdate=2009-04-18 |ref=harv }}

* {{Cite journal|last1=O'Brien |first1=SJ |last2=Mayr |first2=E |title=Bureaucratic Mischief: Recognizing Endangered Species and Subspecies |journal=Science |volume=251 |issue=4998 |pages=1187–1188 |year=1991 |month=March |pmid=17799277 |doi=10.1126/science.251.4998.1187 |ref=harv|bibcode = 1991Sci...251.1187O |ref=harf}}

<!--Ossorio P, Duster T 2005-->

<!--Owens 1999-->

* {{Cite journal | last1 = Owens | first1 = K. | last2 = King | year = 1999 | first2 = MC| title = Genomic Views of Human History | url = | journal = Science | pmid = 10521333 | volume = 286 | issue = 5439| pages = 451–453 | doi = 10.1126/science.286.5439.451 |ref=harv}}

* {{Cite book|last=Reardon|first=Jenny|title=Race to the finish: identity and governance in an age of genomics|year=2005|publisher=Princeton UP|isbn=9780691118574|pages=17ff|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=HMHiuOJIQcYC&pg=PA17|chapter=Post World-War II Expert Discourses on Race|ref=harv}}

<!--Relethford 2000-->

<!--Risch et all 2000-->

* {{Cite journal|format=PDF|url=http://dahsm.medschool.ucsf.edu/history/Suran_Racial_PDF/Risch_2002.pdf|title=Categorization of humans in biomedical research: genes, race and disease|first=Neil|last=Risch|first2=Esteban|last2=Burchard|first3=Elad|last3=Ziv|first4=Hua|last4=Tang|journal=Genome Biology|volume=3|issue=7|pages=comment2007|year=2002|pmid=12184798|pmc=139378|ref=harv|doi=10.1186/gb-2002-3-7-comment2007|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720082517/http://dahsm.medschool.ucsf.edu/history/Suran_Racial_PDF/Risch_2002.pdf|archivedate=2011-07-20|access-date=2012-01-02|dead-url=no}}

* {{cite journal| last=Sesardic |first=Neven |year=2010 |title=Race: A Social Destruction of a Biological Concept |publisher=Biology & Philosophy |volume=25 |issue=143 |doi=10.1007/s10539-009-9193-7 |ref=harv}}

<!--See, Hutchings 1996-->

<!--Segal 1991-->

<!--Serre, Pääbo 2004-->

* {{cite journal |last1=Serre |first1=D |last2=Pääbo |first2=S |title=Evidence for gradients of human genetic diversity within and among continents |journal=[[Genome Res.]] |volume=14 |issue=9 |pages=1679–85 |year=2004 |month=September |pmid=15342553 |pmc=515312 |doi=10.1101/gr.2529604 |url=http://www.genome.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=15342553 |ref=harv }}

* {{cite journal | last = Taylor |first=DA |last2=Moriarty |first2=BF | year = 1987 | title = Ingroup bias as a function of competition and race | url = | journal = Journal of Conflict Resolution | volume = 31 | issue = 1| pages = 192–199 |ref=harv}}

<!--Templeton AR 1998-->

<!--Thompson 2005-->

* {{Cite book|last = Thompson|first = William|last2=Hickey|first2= = Joseph|year = 2005|title = Society in Focus|publisher = Pearson|location = Boston, MA|isbn = 0-205-41365-X|ref=harv}}