Wangsa Medici: Perbedaan antara revisi
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Baris 143:
As a consequence, the grand duchy expired and the territory became a [[secundogeniture]] of the [[House of Habsburg|Habsburg-Lorraine]] dynasty. The first grand duke of the new dynasty, Francis I, was a great-great-great-grandson of Francesco I de' Medici, thus he continued the Medicean Dynasty on the throne of Tuscany through the female line. The Habsburgs were deposed in favor of the [[House of Bourbon|House of Bourbon-Parma]] in 1801 (themselves deposed in 1807), but were later restored at the [[Congress of Vienna]]. Tuscany became a province of the United Kingdom of Italy in 1861. However, several extant branches of the House of Medici survive, including the [[Princes of Ottajano]], the Medici Tornaquinci,<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2004/05/04/world/florence-journal-where-the-bodies-are-buried-modern-day-medici-feud.html Florence Journal; Where the Bodies Are Buried, Modern-Day Medici Feud, Alan Feuer, New York Times, May 4, 2004]</ref> and the Verona Medici Counts of Caprara and [[Gavardo]].<ref name=auto>Hibbert, p. 60.</ref> (see [[Medici_family_tree#The_descendants_line|Medici family tree]])-->
== Lambang kebesaran ==
Tidak ada keterangan tertulis mengenai asal-usul lambang kebesaran wangsa Medici. Menurut salah satu riwayat yang tidak dapat dibuktikan kebenarannya, leluhur wangsa Medici adalah Averardo, kesatria pengikut Karel Agung yang berhasil menewaskan raksasa Mugello. Konon sebagai penghargaan atas jasanya, Karel Agung menghadiahkan perisai dengan tonjolan-tonjolan mirip bola, bekas hantaman gada si raksasa, berikut tanah-tanah peninggalan si raksasa di Mugello.
[[File:Blood_Orange_2.jpg|thumb|Seiris jeruk merah. Seorang sejarawan seni rupa menduga bahwa buah jeruk merahlah yang digambarkan sebagai bola-bola merah pada berbagai lambang kebesaran wangsa Medici]]
Menurut teori lain yang juga tidak dapat dibuktikan kebenarannya, gambar bola-bola pada lambang kebesaran keluarga Medici adalah lambang keping-keping uang logam yang ditiru dari lambang kebesaran serikat usaha penukaran uang (Arte del Cambio), yang salah satu anggotanya adalah keluarga Medici. Warnanya yang merah melambangkan uang logam Romawi Timur (bezant).<ref>{{cite book |last= de Roover |first= Raymond |title= The Medici Bank: Its Organization, Management, Operations, and Decline |publisher= Pickle Partners Publishing |date= 31 July 2017 |pages= note 1}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last= Mackworth-Young |first= Rose |title= The Medici balls: Origins of the family's coat of arms |journal= The Florentine |issue= 160 |publisher= B'Gruppo Srl |location= Florence |date= 29 March 2012 |url= http://www.theflorentine.net/lifestyle/2012/03/the-medici-balls/ |access-date= 17 Oktober 2017}}</ref> Jumlahnya pun bervariasi dari waktu ke waktu, sebagaimana yang tampak di bawah ini. Ada pula pendapat yang mengatakan bahwa bola-bola merah tersebut melambangkan tiga keping uang logam atau bola emas yang menjadi salah satu lambang [[Nikolas dari Myra|Santo Nikolaus]], orang kudus yang diseru namanya dalam upacara pengambilan sumpah bankir-bankir Italia.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Clare |first1=Edward G. |title=St. Nicholas: His Legends and Iconography |date=1985 |publisher=Leo S. Olschki |location=Florence |page=76}}</ref>
Dalam kosakata bahasa Italia, "medici" berarti "para tabib".<!-- and identifications with the family members as physicians may be found among their names as early as the eleventh century. Fanciful stories depict the images as pills or cupping glasses, a late-medieval medical instrument used to draw blood. Pills did not exist until much latter and bloodletting was not in vogue at the time of the first Medici coat of arms. Art historian Rocky Ruggiero suggests plausibly however, that the images may represent whole ripe [[blood oranges]] that typically are grown in Italy. Although knowledge of vitamins did not exist at the time, the benefit of oranges for certain diseases was recognized and their association with recommendations by medical doctors suggests to Dr. Ruggiero that this likely is the imagery intended in the coats of arms for the Medici family.<ref>Ruggiero, Rocky, Ph.D., ''[https://rockyruggiero.com/episode-93-florence-the-medici-dynasty/ Rebuilding The Renaissance, Episode 93 – Florence: The Medici Dynasty]'', Making Art and History Come to Life, October 28, 2020, an audio file</ref><!--
<gallery class="center" style="font-size:88%; line-height:130%">
File:Coat of arms of Cosimo il Vecchio (type 2).svg|Lambang kebesaran lama de' Medici yang dipakai Giovanni di Bicci dan Cosimo Tua
File:Coat of arms of the House of Medici (old) - type 2.svg|Lambang kebesaran de' Medici praanugerah Raja Prancis, ''latar emas, lima bola pada lingkar dalam''
File:Coat of arms of the House of Medici (Baroque period representation).svg|Lambang kebesaran de' Medici pascaanugerah Raja Prancis, ''latar emas, lima bola pada lingkar dalam, satu bola lebih besar pada hulu disaluti lambang kebesaran Prancis (latar biru, tiga kuntum fleurs-de-lis emas) atas perkenanan Raja Louis XI pada tahun 1465''.<ref name=Woodward162>John Woodward, ''A Treatise on Ecclesiastical Heraldry'', 1894, [https://archive.org/stream/atreatiseoneccl00woodgoog#page/n258/mode/2up hlm. 162]</ref>
File:Great coat of arms of the Medici di Ottajano.svg|Lambang kebesaran de' Medici dari Ottajano
File:Augmented Arms of Medici.svg|Lambang kebesaran de' Medici pascaanugerah Raja Prancis
File:Coat of arms of the Grand Duke of Tuscany.png|Lambang kebesaran Adipati Agung Toskana
File:Coat of arms of Medici popes.svg|Lambang kebesaran para paus de'Medici
File:Coat Cardinal De Medici.svg|Lambang kebesaran para kardinal de'Medici
File:Arms of Catherina de' Medici.svg|Lambang kebesaran Caterina de' Medici selaku Permaisuri Kerajaan Prancis
File:COA french queen Marie de Médicis.svg|Lambang kebesaran Maria de' Medici selaku Permaisuri Kerajaan Prancis
File:Coat of arms of the House of de' Medici.png|Lambang kebesaran lengkap de' Medici
File:Coat of Arms of the Grand duchy of Tuscany.svg|Lambang kebesaran Kadipaten Agung Toskana
</gallery>
== Keterangan ==
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