|
<!---dalam proses penterjemahan!!!
[[Image:BohratommodelModelatomBohr.png|thumb|307px|[[Model atom Bohr]], sebagaimana banyak gagasan dalam sejarah ilmu, pada saat awal sangat didukung dan disetujui, namun kemudian, mengikuti perkembangan pengetahuan manusia, terbantah oleh [[percobaan]].]]
'''Ilmu''' adalah proses menguji [[pengetahuan]] [[empiris]] ([[metode ilmiah]]) dan pengetahuan yang teratur yang diperoleh dari proses ini.
''Artikel utama: [[Filsafat ilmu]]''
Science'sKeefektifan effectivenessilmu hastelah mademenjadikannya itsubjek abagi subjectbanyak of muchspekulasi [[philosophy|philosophicalfilsafat]] speculation. TheFilsafat philosophyilmu ofdimaksudkan scienceuntuk seeksmemahami towatak understanddan thebembenaran naturepengetahuan and justification of scientific knowledgeilmiah, and itsserta ethicalimplikasi implicationsetiknya. It has proved remarkably difficult to provide an [[Scientific_method#Philosophical_issues |account of the scientific method]] that can serve to distinguish science from non-science.
== Matematika dan metode ilmiah ==
[[Matematika]] sangat penting bagi keilmuan, terutama dalam peran yang dimainkannya dalam mengekspresikan ''model'' ilmiah. Mengamati dan mengumpulkan hasil-hasil pengukuran, sebagaimana membuat hipotesis dan dugaan, pasti membutuhkan model dan eksploitasi matematis. Cabang matematika yang sering dipakai dalam keilmuan di antaranya [[kalkulus]] dan [[statistika]], meskipun sebenarnya semua cabang matematika mempunyai penerapannya, bahkan bidang "murni" seperti [[teori bilangan]] dan [[topologi]].
[[Mathematics]] is essential to science. The most important function of mathematics in science is the role it plays in the expression of scientific ''models''. Observing and collecting measurements, as well as hypothesizing and predicting, typically require mathematical models and extensive use of mathematics. Mathematical branches most often used in science include [[calculus]] and [[statistics]], although virtually every branch of mathematics has applications, even "pure" areas such as [[number theory]] and [[topology]].
Beberapa orang pemikir memandang matematikawan sebagai ilmuwan, dengan anggapan bahwa pembuktian-pembuktian matematis setara dengan percobaan. Sebagian yang lainnya tidak menganggap matematika sebagai ilmu, sebab tidak memerlukan uji-uji eksperimental pada teori dan hipotesisnya. Namun, dibalik kedua anggapan itu, kenyataan pentingnya matematika sebagai alat yang sangat berguna untuk menggambarkan/menjelaskan alam semesta telah menjadi isu utama bagi [[filsafat matematika]].
Some thinkers see mathematicians as scientists, regarding physical experiments as inessential or mathematical proofs as equivalent to experiments. Others do not see mathematics as a science, since it does not require experimental test of its theories and hypotheses. In either case, the fact that mathematics is such a useful tool in describing the universe is a central issue in the [[philosophy of mathematics]].
See:Lihat [[Eugene Wigner]], ''[[The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Mathematics in the Natural Sciences|The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Mathematics]]''.
[[Richard Feynman]] berkata, "Matematika itu tidak nyata, tapi ''terasa'' nyata. Di manakah tempatnya berada?", sedangkan [[Bertrand Russell]] sangat senang mendefinisikan matematika sebagai "subjek yang kita tidak pernah tahu apa yang sedang kita bicarakan, dan kita tidak tahu pula kebenarannya."
[[Richard Feynman]] said "Mathematics is not real, but it ''feels'' real. Where is this place?", while
[[Bertrand Russell]]'s favourite definition of mathematics was "the subject in which we never know what we are talking about nor whether what we are saying is right."
== Tujuan ilmu ==
== Lokasi ilmu ==
ScienceIlmu isdipraktikkan practiced indi [[universities|universityuniversitas]] and other scientificdan instituteslembaga asilmiah welllain, asbegitu injuga thedi fieldlapangan; as such it is a solid vocation in [[academia]], but has also been practiced by [[amateur]]s, who typically engage in the [[observation]]al part of science.
Some workers in corporate [[laboratory|research laboratories]] also practice the methods of science and eventually become renowned enough in their fields to also work in academia. Conversely, some academics become well-known enough to consult to industry by applying their findings in some [[technology]].
| 