Karl Barth: Perbedaan antara revisi

Barth dilahirkan di [[Basel]], [[Swiss]] dan menghabiskan masa kanak-kanaknya di [[Bern]]. Dari [[1911]] hingga [[1921]] ia melayani sebagai seorang pendeta [[Gereja Hervormd|Hervormd]] di desa [[Safenwil]] di [[kanton Swiss|kanton]] [[Aargau]]. Belakangan ia menjadi profesor [[teologi]] di [[Bonn]] ([[Jerman]]). Ia harus meninggalkan Jerman pada [[1935]] setelah ia menolak mengucapkan sumpah kesetiaan kepada [[Adolf Hitler]]. Barth kembali ke [[Swiss]] dan menjadi profesor di Basel.

 

 

Namun pendorong yang paling penting adalah reaksinya tehradap dukungan dari sebagian besar guru-guru liberalnya terhadap tujuan-tujuan perang Jerman.

"Manifesto dari 93 Intelektual Jerman kepada Dunia yang Beradab"[http://www.lib.byu.edu/~rdh/wwi/1914/93intell.html] pada [[1914]] memuat tanda tangan dari bekas gurunya, [[Adolf von Harnack]]. Barth percaya bahwa guru-gurunya telah disesatkan oleh teologi yang mempertautkan [[Allah]] terlalu dekat dengan ungkapan yang paling indah dan terdalam serta pengalaman umat manusia yang [[budaya|berbudaya]], hingga mengklaim bahwa Allah memberikan dukungan terhadap perang yang mereka yakini dilakukan dalam upaya mendukung budaya tersebut. Pengalaman awalnya muncul dalam peningkatan cinta kasih dan komitmen rakyat kepada budaya tersebut. Kebanyakan dari pemikiran Barth juga merupakan tanggapan langsung terhadap filsafat [[Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel|Hegel]] dan teologi [[Friedrich Schleiermacher|Schleiermacher]].

 

 

 

In 1934, as the Protestant Church attempted to come to terms with the [[Third Reich]], Barth was largely responsible for the writing of the [[Barmen declaration]] (germ. ''Barmer Erklärung'') which rejected the influence of [[Nazism]] on German Christianity—arguing that the [[Church]]'s allegiance to the God of Jesus Christ should give it the impetus and resources to resist the influence of other 'lords'—such as the German ''Führer'', [[Adolf Hitler]]. This was one of the founding documents of the [[Confessing Church]] and Barth was elected a member of its leadership council, the [[Bruderrat]]. He was forced to resign from his professorship at the university of Bonn for refusing to swear an oath to Hitler and returned to his native Switzerland, where he assumed a chair in systematic theology at the university of Basel. In the course of his appointment he was required to answer a routine question asked of all Swiss civil servants, whether he supported the national defence. His answer was, "Yes, especially on the northern border!" In 1938 he wrote a letter to a Czech colleague, Josef Hromádka, in which he declared that soldiers who fought against the Third Reich were serving a Christian cause.